7c894664c7
to match the code. NOCHECK is used only by csh(1) and csh(1) is too broken for words (histchars quoting is "special").
532 lines
12 KiB
Groff
532 lines
12 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: glob.3,v 1.42 2012/12/27 21:17:47 christos Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Guido van Rossum.
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)glob.3 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/16/94
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.\"
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.Dd December 27, 2012
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.Dt GLOB 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm glob ,
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.Nm globfree ,
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.Nm glob_pattern_p
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.Nd generate pathnames matching a pattern
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In glob.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn glob "const char * restrict pattern" "int flags" "int (*errfunc)(const char *, int)" "glob_t * restrict pglob"
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.Ft void
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.Fn globfree "glob_t *pglob"
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.Ft int
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.Fn glob_pattern_p "const char *pattern" "int quote"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn glob
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function
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is a pathname generator that implements the rules for file name pattern
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matching used by the shell.
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.Pp
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The include file
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.Pa glob.h
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defines the structure type
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.Fa glob_t ,
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which contains at least the following fields:
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.Bd -literal
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typedef struct {
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size_t gl_pathc; /* count of total paths so far */
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size_t gl_matchc; /* count of paths matching pattern */
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size_t gl_offs; /* reserved at beginning of gl_pathv */
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int gl_flags; /* returned flags */
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char **gl_pathv; /* list of paths matching pattern */
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} glob_t;
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The argument
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.Fa pattern
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is a pointer to a pathname pattern to be expanded.
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The
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.Fn glob
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argument
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matches all accessible pathnames against the pattern and creates
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a list of the pathnames that match.
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In order to have access to a pathname,
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.Fn glob
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requires search permission on every component of a path except the last
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and read permission on each directory of any filename component of
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.Fa pattern
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that contains any of the special characters
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.Ql * ,
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.Ql \&?
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or
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.Ql \&[ .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn glob
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argument
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stores the number of matched pathnames into the
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.Fa gl_pathc
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field, and a pointer to a list of pointers to pathnames into the
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.Fa gl_pathv
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field.
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The first pointer after the last pathname is
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.Dv NULL .
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If the pattern does not match any pathnames, the returned number of
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matched paths is set to zero.
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.Pp
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It is the caller's responsibility to create the structure pointed to by
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.Fa pglob .
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The
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.Fn glob
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function allocates other space as needed, including the memory pointed
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to by
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.Fa gl_pathv .
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.Pp
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The argument
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.Fa flags
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is used to modify the behavior of
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.Fn glob .
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The value of
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.Fa flags
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is the bitwise inclusive
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.Tn OR
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of any of the following
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values defined in
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.Pa glob.h :
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.Bl -tag -width GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC
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.It Dv GLOB_APPEND
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Append pathnames generated to the ones from a previous call (or calls)
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to
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.Fn glob .
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The value of
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.Fa gl_pathc
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will be the total matches found by this call and the previous call(s).
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The pathnames are appended to, not merged with the pathnames returned by
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the previous call(s).
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Between calls, the caller must not change the setting of the
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.Dv GLOB_DOOFFS
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flag, nor change the value of
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.Fa gl_offs
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when
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.Dv GLOB_DOOFFS
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is set, nor (obviously) call
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.Fn globfree
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for
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.Fa pglob .
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.It Dv GLOB_DOOFFS
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Make use of the
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.Fa gl_offs
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field.
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If this flag is set,
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.Fa gl_offs
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is used to specify how many
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.Dv NULL
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pointers to prepend to the beginning
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of the
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.Fa gl_pathv
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field.
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In other words,
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.Fa gl_pathv
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will point to
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.Fa gl_offs
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.Dv NULL
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pointers,
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followed by
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.Fa gl_pathc
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pathname pointers, followed by a
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.Dv NULL
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pointer.
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.It Dv GLOB_ERR
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Causes
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.Fn glob
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to return when it encounters a directory that it cannot open or read.
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Ordinarily,
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.Fn glob
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continues to find matches.
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.It Dv GLOB_MARK
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Each pathname that is a directory that matches
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.Fa pattern
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has a slash
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appended.
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.It Dv GLOB_NOCHECK
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If
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.Fa pattern
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does not match any pathname, then
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.Fn glob
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returns a list
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consisting of only
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.Fa pattern ,
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with one level of backslash escapes removed,
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the number of total pathnames set to 1, and the number of matched
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pathnames set to 0.
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.It Dv GLOB_NOSORT
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By default, the pathnames are sorted in ascending
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.Tn ASCII
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order;
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this flag prevents that sorting (speeding up
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.Fn glob ) .
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.El
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.Pp
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The following values may also be included in
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.Fa flags ,
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however, they are non-standard extensions to
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.St -p1003.2 .
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.Bl -tag -width GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC
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.It Dv GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC
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The following additional fields in the pglob structure have been
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initialized with alternate functions for glob to use to open, read,
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and close directories and to get stat information on names found
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in those directories.
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.Bd -literal
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void *(*gl_opendir)(const char * name);
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struct dirent *(*gl_readdir)(void *);
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void (*gl_closedir)(void *);
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int (*gl_lstat)(const char *name, struct stat *st);
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int (*gl_stat)(const char *name, struct stat *st);
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.Ed
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.Pp
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This extension is provided to allow programs such as
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.Xr restore 8
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to provide globbing from directories stored on tape.
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.It Dv GLOB_BRACE
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Pre-process the pattern string to expand
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.Ql {pat,pat,...}
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strings like
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.Xr csh 1 .
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The pattern
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.Ql {}
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is left unexpanded for historical reasons
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.Po
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.Xr csh 1
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does the same thing to ease typing of
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.Xr find 1
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patterns
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.Pc .
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.It Dv GLOB_LIMIT
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Limit the amount of memory used to store matched strings to
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.Li 64K ,
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the number of
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.Xr stat 2
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calls to 128, and the number of
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.Xr readdir 3
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calls to 16K.
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This option should be set for programs that can be coerced to a denial of
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service attack via patterns that expand to a very large number of matches,
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such as a long string of
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.Li */../*/..
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.It Dv GLOB_MAGCHAR
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Set by the
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.Fn glob
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function if the pattern included globbing characters.
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See the description of the usage of the
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.Fa gl_matchc
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structure member for more details.
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.It Dv GLOB_NOESCAPE
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Disable the use of the backslash
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.Pq Ql \e
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character for quoting.
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.It Dv GLOB_NOMAGIC
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Is the same as
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.Dv GLOB_NOCHECK
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but it only appends the
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.Fa pattern
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if it does not contain any of the special characters ``*'', ``?'' or ``[''.
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.Dv GLOB_NOMAGIC
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is provided to simplify implementing the historic
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.Xr csh 1
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globbing behavior and should probably not be used anywhere else.
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.It Dv GLOB_NO_DOTDIRS
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Hide
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.Sq Li \&.
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and
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.Sq Li \&..
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from metacharacter matches, regardless of whether
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.Dv GLOB_PERIOD
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is set and whether the pattern component begins with a literal period.
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.It Dv GLOB_PERIOD
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Allow metacharacters to match a leading period in a filename.
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.It Dv GLOB_STAR
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Indicates that two adjacent
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.Li *
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characters will do a recursive match in all subdirs, without following
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symbolic links and three adjacent
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.Li *
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characters will also follow symbolic links.
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.It Dv GLOB_TILDE
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Expand patterns that start with
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.Ql ~
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to user name home directories.
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.El
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.Pp
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If, during the search, a directory is encountered that cannot be opened
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or read and
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.Fa errfunc
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is
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.Pf non- Dv NULL ,
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.Fn glob
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calls
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.Fa (*errfunc)(path, errno) .
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This may be unintuitive: a pattern like
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.Ql */Makefile
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will try to
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.Xr stat 2
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.Ql foo/Makefile
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even if
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.Ql foo
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is not a directory, resulting in a
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call to
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.Fa errfunc .
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The error routine can suppress this action by testing for
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.Dv ENOENT
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and
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.Dv ENOTDIR ;
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however, the
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.Dv GLOB_ERR
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flag will still cause an immediate
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return when this happens.
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.Pp
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If
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.Fa errfunc
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returns non-zero,
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.Fn glob
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stops the scan and returns
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.Dv GLOB_ABORTED
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after setting
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.Fa gl_pathc
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and
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.Fa gl_pathv
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to reflect any paths already matched.
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This also happens if an error is encountered and
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.Dv GLOB_ERR
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is set in
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.Fa flags ,
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regardless of the return value of
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.Fa errfunc ,
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if called.
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If
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.Dv GLOB_ERR
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is not set and either
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.Fa errfunc
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is
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.Dv NULL
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or
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.Fa errfunc
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|
returns zero, the error is ignored.
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.Pp
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|
The
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.Fn globfree
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|
function frees any space associated with
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.Fa pglob
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|
from a previous call(s) to
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.Fn glob .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn glob_pattern_p
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returns
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.Dv 1
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if the
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.Fa pattern
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has any special characters that
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.Fn glob
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will interpret and
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.Dv 0
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otherwise.
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If the
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.Fa quote
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argument is non-zero, then backslash quoted characters are ignored.
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.Pp
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The historical
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.Dv GLOB_QUOTE
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flag is no longer supported.
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Per
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.St -p1003.2-92 ,
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backslash escaping of special characters is the default behaviour;
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it may be disabled by specifying the
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.Dv GLOB_NOESCAPE
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flag.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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On successful completion,
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.Fn glob
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returns zero.
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In addition the fields of
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.Fa pglob
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contain the values described below:
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.Bl -tag -width GLOB_NOCHECK
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.It Fa gl_pathc
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contains the total number of matched pathnames so far.
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This includes other matches from previous invocations of
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.Fn glob
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if
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.Dv GLOB_APPEND
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|
was specified.
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.It Fa gl_matchc
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contains the number of matched pathnames in the current invocation of
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.Fn glob .
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.It Fa gl_flags
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contains a copy of the
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.Fa flags
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parameter with the bit
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.Dv GLOB_MAGCHAR
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|
set if
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.Fa pattern
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contained any of the special characters ``*'', ``?'' or ``['', cleared
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|
if not.
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.It Fa gl_pathv
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contains a pointer to a
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.Dv NULL Ns -terminated
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list of matched pathnames.
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However, if
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.Fa gl_pathc
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is zero, the contents of
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.Fa gl_pathv
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are undefined.
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.El
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.Pp
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If
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.Fn glob
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terminates due to an error, it sets
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.Va errno
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and returns one of the following non-zero constants, which are defined
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in the include file
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.In glob.h :
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.Bl -tag -width GLOB_ABORTEDXXX
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.It Dv GLOB_ABORTED
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|
The scan was stopped because an error was encountered and either
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.Dv GLOB_ERR
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was set or
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.Fa (*errfunc)()
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returned non-zero.
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.It Dv GLOB_NOMATCH
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The pattern does not match any existing pathname, and
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.Dv GLOB_NOCHECK
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was not set in
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.Dv flags .
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.It Dv GLOB_NOSPACE
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An attempt to allocate memory failed, or if
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.Va errno
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was 0
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.Li GLOB_LIMIT
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|
was specified in the flags and
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.Li ARG_MAX
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patterns were matched.
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.El
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.Pp
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The historical
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.Dv GLOB_ABEND
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return constant is no longer supported.
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Portable applications should use the
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.Dv GLOB_ABORTED
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constant instead.
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.Pp
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The arguments
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.Fa pglob\-\*[Gt]gl_pathc
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and
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.Fa pglob\-\*[Gt]gl_pathv
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are still set as specified above.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag -width HOME -compact
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|
.It Ev HOME
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|
If defined, used as the home directory of the current user in
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|
tilde expansions.
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.El
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|
.Sh EXAMPLES
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|
A rough equivalent of
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.Ql "ls -l *.c *.h"
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|
can be obtained with the
|
|
following code:
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|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
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glob_t g;
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g.gl_offs = 2;
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glob("*.c", GLOB_DOOFFS, NULL, \*[Am]g);
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glob("*.h", GLOB_DOOFFS | GLOB_APPEND, NULL, \*[Am]g);
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g.gl_pathv[0] = "ls";
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g.gl_pathv[1] = "-l";
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execvp("ls", g.gl_pathv);
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr sh 1 ,
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|
.Xr fnmatch 3 ,
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.Xr regexp 3 ,
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.Xr glob 7
|
|
.Sh STANDARDS
|
|
The
|
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.Fn glob
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|
function is expected to be
|
|
.St -p1003.2
|
|
compatible with the exception
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|
that the flags
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.Dv GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC ,
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|
.Dv GLOB_BRACE ,
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|
.Dv GLOB_LIMIT ,
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|
.Dv GLOB_MAGCHAR ,
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|
.Dv GLOB_NOESCAPE ,
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|
.Dv GLOB_NOMAGIC ,
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|
.Dv GLOB_NO_DOTDIRS ,
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|
.Dv GLOB_PERIOD ,
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|
.Dv GLOB_STAR ,
|
|
.Dv GLOB_TILDE ,
|
|
and the fields
|
|
.Fa gl_matchc
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|
and
|
|
.Fa gl_flags
|
|
should not be used by applications striving for strict
|
|
.Tn POSIX
|
|
conformance.
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn glob
|
|
and
|
|
.Fn globfree
|
|
functions first appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.4 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Fn glob_pattern_p
|
|
function is modelled after the one found in glibc.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Patterns longer than
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|
.Dv MAXPATHLEN
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|
may cause unchecked errors.
|
|
.Pp
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|
The
|
|
.Fn glob
|
|
function may fail and set
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|
.Va errno
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|
for any of the errors specified for the library routines
|
|
.Xr stat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr closedir 3 ,
|
|
.Xr opendir 3 ,
|
|
.Xr readdir 3 ,
|
|
.Xr malloc 3 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr free 3 .
|