157 lines
7.0 KiB
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157 lines
7.0 KiB
HTML
<html> <head> </head> <body> <pre>
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ALIASES(5) ALIASES(5)
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<b>NAME</b>
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aliases - format of the Postfix alias database
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<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
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<b>newaliases</b>
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<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
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The <b>aliases</b> table provides a system-wide mechanism to
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redirect mail for local recipients. The redirections are
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processed by the Postfix <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery agent.
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Normally, the <b>aliases</b> table is specified as a text file
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that serves as input to the <a href="postalias.1.html"><b>postalias</b>(1)</a> command. The
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result, an indexed file in <b>dbm</b> or <b>db</b> format, is used for
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fast lookup by the mail system. Execute the command
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<b>newaliases</b> in order to rebuild the indexed file after
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changing the Postfix alias database.
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The input and output file formats are expected to be com-
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patible with Sendmail version 8, and are expected to be
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suitable for the use as NIS maps.
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Users can control delivery of their own mail by setting up
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<b>.forward</b> files in their home directory. Lines in per-user
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<b>.forward</b> files have the same syntax as the right-hand side
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of <b>aliases</b> entries.
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The format of the alias database input file is as follows:
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<b>o</b> An alias definition has the form
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<i>name</i>: <i>value1</i>, <i>value2</i>, <i>...</i>
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<b>o</b> Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored,
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as are lines whose first non-whitespace character
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is a `#'.
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<b>o</b> A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A
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line that starts with whitespace continues a logi-
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cal line.
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The <i>name</i> is a local address (no domain part). Use double
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quotes when the name contains any special characters such
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as whitespace, `#', `:', or `@'. The <i>name</i> is folded to
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lowercase, in order to make database lookups case insensi-
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tive.
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In addition, when an alias exists for <b>owner-</b><i>name</i>, delivery
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diagnostics are directed to that address, instead of to
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the originator. This is typically used to direct delivery
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errors to the owner of a mailing list, who is in a better
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position to deal with mailing list delivery problems than
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the originator of the undelivered mail.
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The <i>value</i> contains one or more of the following:
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<i>address</i>
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Mail is forwarded to <i>address</i>, which is compatible
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with the <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a> standard.
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<i>/file/name</i>
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Mail is appended to <i>/file/name</i>. See <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> for
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details of delivery to file. Delivery is not lim-
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ited to regular files. For example, to dispose of
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unwanted mail, deflect it to <b>/dev/null</b>.
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|<i>command</i>
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Mail is piped into <i>command</i>. Commands that contain
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special characters, such as whitespace, should be
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enclosed between double quotes. See <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> for
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details of delivery to command.
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When the command fails, a limited amount of command
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output is mailed back to the sender. The file
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<b>/usr/include/sysexits.h</b> defines the expected exit
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status codes. For example, use <b>|"exit</b> <b>67"</b> to simu-
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late a "user unknown" error, and <b>|"exit</b> <b>0"</b> to
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implement an expensive black hole.
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<b>:include:</b><i>/file/name</i>
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Mail is sent to the destinations listed in the
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named file. Lines in <b>:include:</b> files have the same
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syntax as the right-hand side of alias entries.
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A destination can be any destination that is
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described in this manual page. However, delivery to
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"|<i>command</i>" and <i>/file/name</i> is disallowed by default.
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To enable, edit the <b>allow</b><i>_</i><b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>to</b><i>_</i><b>commands</b> and
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<b>allow</b><i>_</i><b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>to</b><i>_</i><b>files</b> configuration parameters.
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<b>ADDRESS</b> <b>EXTENSION</b>
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When alias database search fails, and the recipient local-
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part contains the optional recipient delimiter (e.g.,
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<i>user+foo</i>), the search is repeated for the unextended
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address (e.g., <i>user</i>).
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<b>CONFIGURATION</b> <b>PARAMETERS</b>
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The following <b>main.cf</b> parameters are especially relevant
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to this topic. See the Postfix <b>main.cf</b> file for syntax
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details and for default values. Use the <b>postfix</b> <b>reload</b>
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command after a configuration change.
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<b>alias</b><i>_</i><b>maps</b>
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List of alias databases.
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<b>allow</b><i>_</i><b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>to</b><i>_</i><b>commands</b>
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Restrict the usage of mail delivery to external
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command.
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<b>allow</b><i>_</i><b>mail</b><i>_</i><b>to</b><i>_</i><b>files</b>
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Restrict the usage of mail delivery to external
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file.
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<b>expand</b><i>_</i><b>owner</b><i>_</i><b>alias</b>
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When delivering to an alias that has an <b>owner-</b> com-
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panion alias, set the envelope sender address to
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the right-hand side of the owner alias, instead
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using of the left-hand side address.
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<b>owner</b><i>_</i><b>request</b><i>_</i><b>special</b>
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Give special treatment to <b>owner-</b><i>xxx</i> and <i>xxx</i><b>-request</b>
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addresses.
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<b>recipient</b><i>_</i><b>delimiter</b>
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Delimiter that separates recipients from address
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extensions.
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<b>BUGS</b>
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Regular expression alias lookup tables are allowed, but
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substitution of $1 etc. is forbidden because that would
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open a security loophole.
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<b>STANDARDS</b>
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<a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a> (ARPA Internet Text Messages)
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<b>SEE</b> <b>ALSO</b>
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<a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a> local delivery agent
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<a href="newaliases.1.html">newaliases(1)</a> alias database management
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<a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp_table(5)</a> POSIX regular expression table format
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<a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre_table(5)</a> Perl Compatible Regular Expression table format
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<b>LICENSE</b>
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The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this
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software.
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<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
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Wietse Venema
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IBM T.J. Watson Research
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P.O. Box 704
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Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
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ALIASES(5)
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</pre> </body> </html>
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