315 lines
8.6 KiB
Plaintext
315 lines
8.6 KiB
Plaintext
/*
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* Style guide for the 4BSD KNF (Kernel Normal Form).
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*
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* from: @(#)style 1.12 (Berkeley) 3/18/94
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* $Id: style,v 1.2 1994/03/26 03:24:54 cgd Exp $
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*/
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/*
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* VERY important single-line comments look like this.
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*/
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/* Most single-line comments look like this. */
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/*
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* Multi-line comments look like this. Make them real sentences. Fill
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* them so they look like real paragraphs.
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*/
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/*
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* Kernel include files come first; normally, you'll need <sys/types.h>
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* OR <sys/param.h>, but not both! <sys/types.h> includes <sys/cdefs.h>,
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* and it's okay to depend on that.
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*/
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#include <sys/types.h> /* Non-local includes in brackets. */
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/* If it's a network program, put the network include files next. */
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#include <net/if.h>
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#include <net/if_dl.h>
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#include <net/route.h>
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#include <netinet/in.h>
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#include <protocols/rwhod.h>
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/*
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* Then there's a blank line, followed by the /usr include files.
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* The /usr include files should be sorted!
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*/
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#include <stdio.h>
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/*
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* Global pathnames are defined in /usr/include/paths.h. Pathnames local
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* to the program go in pathnames.h in the local directory.
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*/
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#include <paths.h>
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/* Then, there's a blank line, and the user include files. */
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#include "pathnames.h" /* Local includes in double quotes. */
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/*
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* ANSI function declarations for private functions (i.e. functions not used
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* elsewhere) go at the top of the source module. Use the __P macro from
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* the include file <sys/cdefs.h>. Only the kernel has a name associated with
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* the types, i.e. in the kernel use:
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*
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* void function __P((int a));
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*
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* in user land use:
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*
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* void function __P((int));
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*/
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static char *function __P((int, const char *));
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static void usage __P((void));
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/*
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* Macros are capitalized, parenthesized, and should avoid side-effects.
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* If they are an inline expansion of a function, the function is defined
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* all in lowercase, the macro has the same name all in uppercase. If the
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* macro needs more than a single line, use braces. Right-justify the
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* backslashes, it makes it easier to read.
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*/
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#define MACRO(x, y) { \
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variable = (x) + (y); \
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(y) += 2; \
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}
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/* Enum types are capitalized. */
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enum enumtype { ONE, TWO } et;
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/*
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* When declaring variables in structures, declare them sorted by use, then
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* by size, and then by alphabetical order. The first category normally
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* doesn't apply, but there are exceptions. Each one gets its own line.
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* Put a tab after the first word, i.e. use "int^Ix;" and "struct^Ifoo *x;".
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*
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* Major structures should be declared at the top of the file in which they
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* are used, or in separate header files, if they are used in multiple
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* source files. Use of the structures should be by separate declarations
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* and should be "extern" if they are declared in a header file.
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*/
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struct foo {
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struct foo *next; /* List of active foo */
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struct mumble amumble; /* Comment for mumble */
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int bar;
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};
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struct foo *foohead; /* Head of global foo list */
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/* Make the structure name match the typedef. */
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typedef struct _bar {
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int level;
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} BAR;
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/*
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* All major routines should have a comment briefly describing what
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* they do. The comment before the "main" routine should describe
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* what the program does.
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*/
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int
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main(argc, argv)
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int argc;
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char *argv[];
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{
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extern char *optarg;
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extern int optind;
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long num;
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int ch;
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char *ep;
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/*
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* For consistency, getopt should be used to parse options. Options
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* should be sorted in the getopt call and the switch statement, unless
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* parts of the switch cascade. Elements in a switch statement that
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* cascade should have a FALLTHROUGH comment. Numerical arguments
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* should be checked for accuracy. Code that cannot be reached should
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* have a NOTREACHED comment.
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*/
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while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "abn")) != EOF)
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switch (ch) { /* Indent the switch. */
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case 'a': /* Don't indent the case. */
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aflag = 1;
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/* FALLTHROUGH */
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case 'b':
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bflag = 1;
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break;
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case 'n':
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num = strtol(optarg, &ep, 10);
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if (num <= 0 || *ep != '\0')
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err("illegal number -- %s", optarg);
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break;
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case '?':
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default:
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usage();
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/* NOTREACHED */
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}
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argc -= optind;
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argv += optind;
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/*
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* Space after keywords (while, for, return, switch). No braces are
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* used for control statements with zero or only a single statement.
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*
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* Forever loops are done with for's, not while's.
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*/
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for (p = buf; *p != '\0'; ++p);
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for (;;)
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stmt;
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/*
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* Parts of a for loop may be left empty. Don't put declarations
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* inside blocks unless the routine is unusually complicated.
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*/
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for (; cnt < 15; cnt++) {
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stmt1;
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stmt2;
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}
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/* Second level indents are four spaces. */
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while (cnt < 20)
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z = a + really + long + statment + that + needs + two lines +
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gets + indented + four + spaces + on + the + second +
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and + subsequent + lines.
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/*
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* Closing and opening braces go on the same line as the else.
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* Don't add braces that aren't necessary.
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*/
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if (test)
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stmt;
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else if (bar) {
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stmt;
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stmt;
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} else
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stmt;
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/* No spaces after function names. */
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if (error = function(a1, a2))
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exit(error);
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/*
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* Unary operators don't require spaces, binary operators do. Don't
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* use parenthesis unless they're required for precedence, or the
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* statement is really confusing without them.
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*/
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a = b->c[0] + ~d == (e || f) || g && h ? i : j >> 1;
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k = !(l & FLAGS);
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/*
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* Exits should be 0 on success, and 1 on failure. Don't denote
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* all the possible exit points, using the integers 1 through 300.
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*/
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exit(0); /* Avoid obvious comments such as "Exit 0 on success." */
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}
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/*
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* If a function type is declared, it should be on a line
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* by itself preceeding the function.
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*/
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static char *
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function(a1, a2, fl, a4)
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int a1, a2, a4; /* Declare ints, too, don't default them. */
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float fl; /* List in order declared, as much as possible. */
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{
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/*
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* When declaring variables in functions declare them sorted by size,
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* then in alphabetical order; multiple ones per line are okay. Old
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* style function declarations can go on the same line. ANSI style
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* function declarations should go in the include file "externs.h".
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* If a line overflows reuse the type keyword.
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*
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* DO NOT initialize variables in the declarations.
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*/
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extern u_char one;
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extern char two;
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struct foo three, *four;
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double five;
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int *six, seven, eight();
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char *nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen;
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char *overflow __P((void));
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void *mymalloc __P((u_int));
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/*
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* Casts and sizeof's are not followed by a space. NULL is any
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* pointer type, and doesn't need to be cast, so use NULL instead
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* of (struct foo *)0 or (struct foo *)NULL. Also, test pointers
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* against NULL, i.e. use:
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*
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* (p = f()) == NULL
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* not:
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* !(p = f())
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*
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* Don't use '!' for tests unless it's a boolean, e.g. use
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* "if (*p == '\0')", not "if (!*p)".
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*
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* Routines returning void * should not have their return values cast
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* to any pointer type.
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*
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* Use err/warn(3), don't roll your own!
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*/
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if ((four = malloc(sizeof(struct foo))) == NULL)
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err(1, NULL);
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if ((six = (int *)overflow()) == NULL)
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errx(1, "Number overflowed.");
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return (eight);
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}
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/*
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* Don't use ANSI function declarations unless you absolutely have too,
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* i.e. you're declaring functions with variable numbers of arguments.
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*
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* ANSI function braces look like regular function braces.
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*/
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function(int a1, int a2)
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{
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...
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}
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/* Variable numbers of arguments should look like this. */
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#if __STDC__
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#include <stdarg.h>
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#else
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#include <varargs.h>
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#endif
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void
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#if __STDC__
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vaf(const char *fmt, ...)
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#else
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vaf(fmt, va_alist)
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char *fmt;
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va_dcl
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#endif
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{
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va_list ap;
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#if __STDC__
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va_start(ap, fmt);
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#else
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va_start(ap);
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#endif
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STUFF;
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va_end(ap); /* No return needed for void functions. */
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}
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static void
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usage()
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{ /* Insert an empty line if the function has no local variables. */
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/*
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* Use printf(3), not fputs/puts/putchar/whatever, it's faster and
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* usually cleaner, not to mention avoiding stupid bugs.
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*
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* Usage statements should look like the manual pages. Options w/o
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* operands come first, in alphabetical order inside a single set of
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* braces. Followed by options with operands, in alphabetical order,
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* each in braces. Followed by required arguments in the order they
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* are specified, followed by optional arguments in the order they
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* are specified. A bar ('|') separates either/or options/arguments,
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* and multiple options/arguments which are specified together are
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* placed in a single set of braces.
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*
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* "usage: f [-ade] [-b b_arg] [-m m_arg] req1 req2 [opt1 [opt2]]\n"
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* "usage: f [-a | -b] [-c [-de] [-n number]]\n"
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*/
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(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: f [-ab]\n");
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exit(1);
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}
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