07c1fe57f7
has issues, not OF iself. New sentence, new line. Macroize some things. Bump date. This should close PR 21372
418 lines
11 KiB
Groff
418 lines
11 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.4 2004/03/29 02:20:51 fair Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
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.\" by Michael Wolfson and Erik E. Fair.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed for the
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.\" NetBSD Project. See http://www.NetBSD.org/ for
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.\" information about NetBSD.
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.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\"
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.Dd March 28, 2004
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.Dt BOOT 8 macppc
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm boot
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.Nd Macppc system bootstrapping procedures
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Ss Power fail and crash recovery
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Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
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An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed
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as described in
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.Xr fsck 8 ,
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and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
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.Ss Cold starts
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The boot ROM performs a Power On Self Test (POST) then loads Open
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Firmware.
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Depending on the Open Firmware variable
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.Sq Ev auto-boot?
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it will either stop at the Open Firmware
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prompt or attempt to boot an operating system.
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Depending on the contents
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of the
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.Sq Ev use-nvramrc? ,
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.Sq Ev boot-command ,
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.Sq Ev boot-device ,
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and
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.Sq Ev boot-file
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Open Firmware variables, it will attempt to boot
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.Tn MacOS ,
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.Tn "MacOS X" ,
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or
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.Nx .
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.Pp
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To boot
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.Nx ,
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Open Firmware loads the bootloader
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.Xr ofwboot 8
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from the specified
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.Sq Ev boot-device .
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The bootloader then loads the kernel from the
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.Sq Ev boot-file ,
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.Pq if it exists .
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Otherwise, it tries to load (in the following order):
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.Pa netbsd , netbsd.gz ,
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or
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.Pa netbsd.macppc
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on the
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.Dq a
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partition of the same device that had the bootloader.
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.Ss "Open Firmware Commands"
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An essential but incomplete list of Open Firmware commands follows.
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A more thorough list is contained in the FAQ.
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.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-use
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.Pp
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.Ic boot
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.Op Ar boot-device Op Ar boot-file
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.Op Ar options
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.Pp
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Boot an operating system.
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The default arguments for this command are taken from the Open Firmware
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environment variables:
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.Bl -tag -width boot-device -compact
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.It Ar boot-device
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primary bootloader location
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.It Ar boot-file
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kernel location
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.It Ar options
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flags passed to the kernel
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.El
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.Pp
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.Ic reset-all
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.Pp
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Reset the system, and proceed as specified by the
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.Sq Ev use-nvramrc?
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and
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.Sq Ev auto-boot?
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variables.
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If
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.Sq Ev use-nvramrc?
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is set to
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.Sq Ev true ,
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then the system will attempt to execute the commands stored in the
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.Sq Ev nvramrc
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variable.
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If
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.Sq Ev auto-boot?
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is set to
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.Sq Ev true ,
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the system will attempt to use the values stored in
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.Sq Ev boot-command ,
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.Sq Ev boot-device ,
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and
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.Sq Ev boot-file
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to boot the system.
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If
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.Sq Ev auto-boot?
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is set to
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.Sq Ev false ,
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the system will halt at the Open Firmware prompt.
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.Pp
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.Ic shut-down
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.Pp
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Power off the system.
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.Pp
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.Ic setenv Ar variable Ar value
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.Pp
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Set an Open Firmware variable, e.g.,
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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setenv auto-boot? false
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setenv boot-device hd:,\eofwboot.xcf
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setenv boot-file netbsd-GENERIC.gz
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Ic set-default Ar variable
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.Pp
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Set an Open Firmware variable to its default value.
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.Pp
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.Ic printenv Op Ar variable
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.Pp
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Show Open Firmware variables and values.
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.Pp
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.Ic eject fd
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.Pp
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Eject floppy disk on systems with on-board floppy drives.
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.Pp
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.Ic mac-boot
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.Pp
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Attempt to boot
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.Tn MacOS
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on an Open Firmware 3 system.
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.Pp
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.Ic bye
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.Pp
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Attempt to boot
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.Tn MacOS
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on an Open Firmware 1.0.5, 2.0.x, or 2.4 system.
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.Ss "Open Firmware Variables"
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An essential but incomplete list of Open Firmware variables follows.
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A more thorough list is contained in the FAQ.
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.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-variables
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.Bl -tag -width "ew*0_protocols"
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.It Ev auto-boot?
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What Open Firmware will do at system startup or reset:
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.Bl -tag -width false
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.It Ar true
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automatically bootstrap an operating system using values from the
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.Sq Ev boot-command ,
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.Sq Ev boot-device ,
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and
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.Sq Ev boot-file
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variables.
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.It Ar false
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stop at the Open Firmware prompt.
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.El
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.Pp
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.It Ev use-nvramrc?
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If
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.Sq Ev true
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runs commands in variable
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.Sq Ev nvramrc .
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.Pp
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.It Ev real-base
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Kernel memory location.
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.Em "Do not modify this value on Open Firmware 3 systems \(em you may"
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.Em "damage your computer" .
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All other Open Firmware versions should use
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.Li F00000 .
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.Pp
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.It Ev load-base
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Bootloader memory location.
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.Em "Do not modify this value on Open Firmware 3 systems \(em you may"
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.Em "damage your computer" .
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All other Open Firmware versions should use
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.Li 600000 .
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.Pp
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.It Ev boot-command
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The command to use for booting.
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Typically, the default of
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.Sq Ev boot
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is used.
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.Pp
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.It Ev boot-device
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Device from which to load primary bootloader.
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Value depends on a variety of factors.
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See
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.Xr ofwboot 8 .
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.It Ev boot-file
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Kernel location.
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Value depends on a variety of factors.
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See
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.Xr ofwboot 8 .
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.Pp
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.It Ev input-device
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What type of console input device
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.Po
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.Tn ADB
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keyboard,
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.Tn USB
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keyboard, or serial port
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.Pc .
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.Bl -tag -width ttya
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.It Ar kbd
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.Tn ADB
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keyboard on models with
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.Tn ADB ,
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.Tn USB
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keyboard on models with
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.Tn USB ,
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and built-in keyboard on laptops.
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This is the default on some Open Firmware
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2.0.x machines and all Open Firmware 2.4 and 3 machines.
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.It Ar ttya
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.Sq Modem
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serial port on machines with serial ports.
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Properties are 38400 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking.
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This is the default on all
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Open Firmware 1.0.5 systems and some Open Firmware 2.0.x systems.
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.It Ar ttyb
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.Sq Printer
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serial port on machines with serial ports.
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Properties are the same as the
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.Sq Modem
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port.
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.It Ar scca
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Serial port on Xserve models.
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Properties are 57600 bps, 8 bits, no
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parity, 1 stop bit, no handshaking.
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.El
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.Pp
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.It output-device
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What type of console output device (On-board video, AGP video, PCI video,
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built-in LCD, or serial console).
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Value depends on a variety of factors.
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See
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.Xr ofwboot 8
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and
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.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/macppc/faq.html#ofw-input-output-devices
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.Pp
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.It nvramrc
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If
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.Sq Ev use-nvramrc?
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is set to true, these
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.Tn FORTH
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commands will be run when the computer is reset
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.Pp
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.El
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.Ss "Normal Operation"
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When Open Firmware loads the primary bootloader, it will print something
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like the following:
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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loading XCOFF
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tsize=CC50 dsize=14AC bsize=2668 entry=640000
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SECTIONS:
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.text 00640000 00640000 0000CC50 000000E0
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.data 0064D000 0064D000 000014AC 0000CD30
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.bss 0064E4B0 0064E4B0 00002668 00000000
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loading .text, done..
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loading .data, done..
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clearing .bss, done..
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.Ed
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.Pp
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When
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.Xr ofwboot 8
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is started, it prints something like the following:
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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\*[Gt]\*[Gt] NetBSD/macppc OpenFirmware Boot, Revision 1.7
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\*[Gt]\*[Gt] (autobuild@tgm.daemon.org, Thu Feb 6 17:50:27 UTC 2003)
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.Ed
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.Pp
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When
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.Xr ofwboot 8
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is loading the kernel, it prints something like the following:
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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4395364+254568 [220144+193803]=0x4d477c
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start=0x100000
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.Ed
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.Pp
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When the
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.Nx
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kernel has started it prints a banner similar to the following:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
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The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
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The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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NetBSD 1.6ZC (GENERIC) #0: Tue Sep 30 13:09:10 UTC 2003
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autobuild@tgm.NetBSD.org:/autobuild/HEAD/macppc/OBJ/autobuild/HEAD/src/sys/arch/macppc/compile/GENERIC
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.Ed
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.Ss "After bootstrap"
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Once the
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.Nx Ns Tn /macppc
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kernel is booted normally
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it initializes itself and proceeds to start the system.
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An automatic consistency check of the file systems takes place,
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and unless this fails, the system comes up to multi-user operation.
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.Pp
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The proper way to shut the system down is with the
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.Xr shutdown 8
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command.
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.Pp
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If the system crashes, it will enter the kernel debugger,
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.Xr ddb 4 ,
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if it is configured in the kernel.
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If the crash occurred during initialization and the debugger is
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not present or is exited, the kernel will halt the system.
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.Pp
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If the crash occurred during normal operation and the debugger
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is not present or is exited, the system will attempt a dump to the
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configured dump device (which will be automatically recovered with
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.Xr savecore 8
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during the next bootstrap cycle), and after the dump is complete (successful
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or not) the kernel will attempt a reboot.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660 -compact
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.It Pa /boot
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.Nx
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secondary bootstrap program (Open Firmware 1.x and 2.x)
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.It Pa /netbsd
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default
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.Nx
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system kernel
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx
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.Nx
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primary bootstrap program (Open Firmware 1.x and 2.x) a.k.a.
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.Dq "partition zero"
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bootloader
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot
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.Nx
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secondary bootstrap program (Open Firmware 1.x and 2.x)
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot.xcf
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primary bootstrap for netboot and
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.Dq cd9660
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.Pq Tn ISO 9660 ,
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.Dq MS-DOS ,
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.Dq HFS ,
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and
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.Dq HFS+
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file systems.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ddb 4 ,
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.Xr intro 4 ,
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.Xr diskless 8 ,
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.Xr halt 8 ,
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.Xr init 8 ,
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.Xr installboot 8 ,
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.Xr ofwboot 8 ,
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.Xr rc 8 ,
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.Xr reboot 8 ,
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.Xr savecore 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8
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.Pp
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.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/macppc/faq.html
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.br
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.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Documentation/network/netboot/
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.Sh STANDARDS
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.St -ieee1275-94
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.Lk http://playground.sun.com/1275/home.html
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.Sh BUGS
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The device names used by
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.Nx Ns Tn /macppc
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and Open Firmware often have no relation to each other.
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.Pp
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Apple Computer's Open Firmware implementation is easily confused.
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It is best to reboot your computer
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after a failed boot attempt,
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.Ic halt ,
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or
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.Ic "shutdown -h" .
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Use the Open Firmware
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.Ic reset-all
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command.
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.Pp
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Apple Computer's Open Firmware implementation is notoriously bad.
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Thorough instructions for installing and booting
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.Nx
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are in the install notes
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.Pq Pa INSTALL.html
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included with every release of
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.Nx .
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