245 lines
7.1 KiB
Groff
245 lines
7.1 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.12 2000/05/13 17:11:35 jhawk Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software written and contributed
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.\" to Berkeley by William Jolitz.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)boot_i386.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.Dd May 12, 2000
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.Dt BOOT 8 i386
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm boot
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.Nd
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system bootstrapping procedures
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Ss Power fail and crash recovery
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Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
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An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed,
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and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
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.Pp
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.Ss Cold starts
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The 386
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.Tn "PC AT"
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clones attempt to boot the floppy disk drive A (otherwise known as drive
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0) first, and failing that, attempt to boot the hard disk C (otherwise
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known as hard disk controller 1, drive 0).
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The
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.Nx
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bootblocks are loaded and started either by the BIOS, or by
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a boot selector program (such as OS-BS, BOOTEASY, the OS/2 Boot Menu or
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.Nx No 's
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.No boot-selecting
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master boot record - see
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.Xr mbr 8 ).
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.Pp
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.Ss Normal Operation
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Once running, a banner similar to the following will appear:
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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>> NetBSD BIOS Boot, revision 2.2
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>> (user@buildhost, builddate)
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>> Memory: 637/15360 k
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Use hd1a:netbsd to boot sd0 when wd0 is also installed
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Press return to boot now, any other key for boot menu
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booting wd0a:netbsd - starting in 5
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.Ed
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.Pp
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After a countdown, the system image listed will be loaded. (In the
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above example, it will be
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.Dq Li wd0a:netbsd
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which is the file
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.Nm netbsd
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on partition
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.Dq a
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of the
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.Nx
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MBR partition of the first hard disk known to the BIOS [which is
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appearently an IDE or similar device - see the
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.Em BUGS
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section].) Pressing a key within the time limit will enter
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interactive mode.
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.Pp
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.Ss Interactive mode
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In interactive mode, the boot loader will present a prompt, allowing
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input of these commands:
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.\" NOTE: much of this text is duplicated in dosboot.8; please try to
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.\" keep both files synchronized.
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.Bl -tag -width 04n -offset 04n
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.It Xo Ic boot
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.Op Va device : Ns
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.Op Va filename
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.Op Fl adrs
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.Xc
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The default
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.Va device
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will be set to the disk that the boot loader was
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loaded from.
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To boot from an alternate disk, the full name of the device should
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be given at the prompt).
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.Va device
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is of the form
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.Xo Va xd
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.Op Va N Ns Op Va x
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.Xc
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where
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.Va xd
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is the device from which to boot,
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.Va N
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is the unit number, and
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.Va x
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is the partition letter.
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.Pp
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The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to
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installation:
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.Pp
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.Bl -hang -compact
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.It sd
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SCSI disks on a controller recognized by the BIOS. The
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unit number is the BIOS device number.
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.It wd
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ST506, IDE, ESDI, RLL disks on a WD100[2367] or
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lookalike controller(s), as numbered by the BIOS.
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.It hd
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Hard disks as numbered by the BIOS.
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.It fd
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Floppy drives as numbered by the BIOS.
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.El
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.Pp
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The default
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.Va filename
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is
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.Pa netbsd ;
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if the boot loader fails to successfully
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open that image, it then tries
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.Pa netbsd.gz
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(expected to be a kernel image compressed by gzip), followed by
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.Pa netbsd.old ,
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.Pa netbsd.old.gz ,
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.Pa onetbsd ,
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and finally
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.Pa onetbsd.gz .
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Alternate system images can be loaded by just specifying the name of the image.
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.Pp
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Options are:
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.Bl -tag -width xxx
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.It Fl a
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Prompt for the location of the root filesystem and the system crash
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dump device.
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.It Fl d
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Bring the system up in debug mode. Here it waits for a kernel
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debugger connect; see
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.Xr ddb 4 .
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.It Fl r
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Instructs the system to use the compiled in value for the root
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device, not the device the system image was loaded from.
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.It Fl s
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Bring the system up in single-user mode.
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.El
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.It Ic consdev Va dev
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Immediately switch the console to the specified device
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.Va dev
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and reprint the banner.
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.Va dev
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must be one of
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.\" .Bl -item -width com[0123]kbd -offset indent -compact
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.Ar pc , com0 , com1 , com2 ,
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.Ar com3 , com0kbd , com1kbd , com2kbd ,
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.Ar com3kbd ,
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or
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.Ar auto .
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See
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.Sx Console Selection Policy
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in
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.Xr boot_console 8 .
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.It Ic dev Op Va device
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Set the default drive and partition for subsequent filesystem
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operations. Without an argument, print the current setting.
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.Va device
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is of the form specified in
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.Cm boot .
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.It Ic help
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Print an overview about commands and arguments.
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.It Ic ls Op Pa path
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Print a directory listing of
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.Pa path ,
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containing inode number, filename and file type.
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.Pa path
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can contain a device specification.
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.It Ic quit
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Reboot the system.
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.El
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.Pp
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In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the
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.Nx
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installation notes for the i386 architecture
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can be used to boot from floppy.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/biosboot.sym -compact
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.It Pa /netbsd
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system code
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.It Pa /netbsd.gz
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gzip-compressed system code
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/biosboot.sym
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boot block (read by installboot)
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.It Pa /boot
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boot block (written by installboot).
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ddb 4 ,
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.Xr boot_console 8 ,
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.Xr dosboot 8 ,
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.Xr halt 8 ,
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.Xr installboot 8 ,
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.Xr mbr 8
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.Xr reboot 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8 ,
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.Sh BUGS
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Hard disks are always accessed by BIOS functions. Unit numbers are
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BIOS device numbers which might differ from numbering in the
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.Nx
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kernel or physical parameters (eg SCSI slave numbers). The distinction
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between
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.Dq sd
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and
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.Dq wd
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devices at the bootloader level is meaningless and exists for
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historical reasons. (This is less a bug of the bootloader code than
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a shortcoming of the PC architecture.)
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The default disk device's name printed in the starting message
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is derived from the
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.Dq type
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field of the
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.Nx
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disklabel (if it is a hard disk).
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