698 lines
21 KiB
Groff
698 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 2002-2006 David Boggs. (boggs@boggs.palo-alto.ca.us)
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.\" All rights reserved. I wrote this man page from scratch.
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.\"
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.\" BSD License:
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" GNU General Public License:
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.\"
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.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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.\" under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
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.\" Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
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.\" any later version.
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.\"
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.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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.\" ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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.\" FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
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.\" more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
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.\" this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
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.\" Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
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.\"
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.\" * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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.\" * ATTENTION MDOC POLICE *
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.\" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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.\" * This device driver works on FIVE OSs with NO changes. *
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.\" * IFDEFS are used to ignore C and Groff code that is *
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.\" * not relevant to a particular Operating System. *
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.\" * Author will merge local changes and re-sync copies. *
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.\" * Please feel free to correct my groff usage, but... *
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.\" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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.\" * PLEASE DO NOT "UN-IFDEF" THIS FILE! *
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.\" * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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.\"
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.\" $NetBSD: lmc.4,v 1.17 2009/10/14 23:32:42 joerg Exp $
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.\"
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.Dd April 11, 2006
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.Dt LMC 4
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm lmc
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.Nd device driver for
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.Tn LMC
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(and some
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.Tn SBE )
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wide-area network interface cards
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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This driver is built into the GENERIC kernel so it should "just work".
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.Pp
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The driver can be built into a kernel by adding the following to
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.Pa /sys/arch/ARCH/conf/YOURKERNEL :
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Cd lmc* at pci?
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.Cd options ALTQ
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.Cd options ALTQ_HFSC # for altq example
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.Cd pseudo-device sppp
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.Cd pseudo-device bpfilter
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The driver can send and receive raw IP packets even if
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SPPP is not configured into the kernel.
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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This is an open-source
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.Tn Unix
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device driver for PCI-bus wide-area network interface cards.
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It sends and receives packets
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in HDLC frames over synchronous circuits.
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A computer plus
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.Ux
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plus some
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.Tn LMC
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cards makes an
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.Em open
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wide-area network router.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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driver works with
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.Tn FreeBSD ,
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.Tn NetBSD ,
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.Tn OpenBSD ,
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.Tn BSD/OS ,
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and
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.Tn Linux
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OSs.
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It has been tested on
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.Tn i386
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(SMP 32-bit little-end),
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.Tn PowerPC
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(32-bit big-end),
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.Tn Alpha
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(64-bit little-end), and
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.Tn Sparc
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(64-bit big-end) architectures.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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driver works with the following cards:
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.Bl -tag -width "LMC5200" -offset indent
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.It Sy LMC5200
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HSSI\[em]High Speed Serial Interface,
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.Bd -unfilled -compact
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EIA612/613, 50-pin connector,
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0 to 52 Mb/s, DTE only.
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.Ed
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.It Sy LMC5245
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T3, 2xBNC conns, 75 ohm
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.Bd -unfilled -compact
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C-Parity or M13 Framing,
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DSX-3 up to 910 ft.
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.Ed
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.It Sy LMC1000
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SSI\[em]Synchronous Serial Interface,
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.Bd -unfilled -compact
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V.35, X.21, EIA449, EIA530(A), EIA232,
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0 to 10 Mb/s, DTE or DCE.
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.Ed
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.It Sy LMC1200
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T1/E1, RJ45 conn, 100 or 120 ohms,
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.Bd -unfilled -compact
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T1-B8ZS-ESF, T1-AMI-SF, E1-HDB3-many,
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DSX-1 up to 1500 ft; CSU up to 6 Kft.
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.Ed
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.El
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.Pp
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.Tn LMC
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cards contain a high-performance
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.Sy PCI
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interface, an
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.Sy HDLC
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function and
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either integrated
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.Sy modems
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(T1, T3) or
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.Sy modem
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interfaces (HSSI and SSI).
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.Bl -tag -width "Modem" -offset indent
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.It Sy PCI
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The PCI interface is a
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.Tn "DEC 21140A Tulip"
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Fast Ethernet chip.
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This chip has an efficient PCI implementation with scatter/gather DMA,
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and can run at 100 Mb/s full duplex (twice as fast as needed here).
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.It Sy HDLC
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The HDLC functions (ISO-3309: flags, bit-stuffing, CRC) are implemented
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in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) which talks to the Ethernet
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chip through a Media Independent Interface (MII).
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The hardware in the FPGA translates between Ethernet packets and
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HDLC frames on-the-fly; think of it as a WAN PHY chip for Ethernet.
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.It Sy Modem
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The modem chips are the main differences between cards.
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HSSI cards use ECL10K chips to implement the EIA-612/613 interface.
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T3 cards use a
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.Tn TranSwitch TXC-03401
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framer chip.
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SSI cards use
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.Tn Linear Technology LTC1343
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modem interface chips.
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T1 cards use a
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.Tn BrookTree/Conexant/Mindspeed Bt8370
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framer and line interface chip.
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.El
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.Pp
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Line protocol stacks exist above device drivers
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and below internet protocol stacks.
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They typically encapsulate packets in HDLC frames and deal with
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higher-level issues like protocol multiplexing and security.
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The driver is compatible with several line protocol stacks:
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.Bl -tag -width "GenericHDLC" -offset indent
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.It Sy SPPP
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.Xr sppp 4
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implements Synchronous-PPP and Cisco-HDLC in the kernel.
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.It Sy RawIP
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The null line protocol, built into the driver, sends and receives
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raw IPv4 and IPv6 packets in HDLC frames with no extra bytes of
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overhead and no state at the end points.
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.El
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.\"
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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.\"
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.Ss ifconfig and lmcconfig
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.\"
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The program
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.Xr lmcconfig 8
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manipulates interface parameters beyond the scope of
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.Xr ifconfig 8 .
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.Ic lmcconfig
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has many flags and options,
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but in normal operation only a few are needed.
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0
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.Ed
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displays interface configuration and status.
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0 -X 1
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.Ed
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selects the built-in RawIP line protocol stack.
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0 -X 2 -x 2
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.Ed
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selects the SPPP stack and the PPP protocol.
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.Pp
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Some configuration options are available through
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.Ic ifconfig
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as well as
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.Ic lmcconfig .
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic ifconfig -m lmc0
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.Ed
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lists the available media options.
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.Pp
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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.Ic ifconfig lmc0 mediaopt loopback
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.Ed
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loops the interface transmitter to the receiver for testing.
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This loopback uses a path present in every card type.
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.Ic lmcconfig
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can select card-specific loopbacks, such as outbound payload loopback.
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.Pp
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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.Ic ifconfig lmc0 debug
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.Ed
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enables debugging output from the device driver and from
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the line protocol stack above it.
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0 -D
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.Ed
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enables debugging output from the device driver.
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.Pp
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Debugging messages that appear on the console are also
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written to file
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.Pa /var/log/messages .
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.Em Caution :
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when
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things go very wrong, a torrent of debugging messages
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can swamp the console and bring a machine to its knees.
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.\"
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.Ss Operation
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Configure a PPP link using SPPP with
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0 -X 2 -x 2
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.Ic ifconfig lmc0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Configure a Cisco-HDLC link using SPPP with
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0 -X 2 -x 3
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.Ic ifconfig lmc0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Configure a RAWIP link with
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0 -X 1
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.Ic ifconfig lmc0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
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.Ed
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.Sh TESTING
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.Ss Testing with Loopbacks
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Testing with loopbacks requires only one card and
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can test everything on that card.
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Packets can be looped back at many points: in the PCI chip,
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in the modem chips, through a loopback plug, in the
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local external equipment, or at the far end of a circuit.
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.Pp
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All cards can be looped through the PCI chip.
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Cards with internal modems can be looped through
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the modem framer and the modem line interface.
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Cards for external modems can be looped through
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the driver/receiver chips.
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See
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.Xr lmcconfig 8
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for details.
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.Pp
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Configure the card with
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic ifconfig lmc0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.1
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "T1/E1" -offset indent
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.It Sy HSSI
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Loopback plugs can be ordered from SBE (and others).
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Transmit clock is normally supplied by the external modem.
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When an HSSI card is operated with a loopback plug, the PCI bus
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clock must be used as the transmit clock, typically 33 MHz.
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When testing an HSSI card with a loopback plug,
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configure it with
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0 -a 2
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.Ed
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.Dq Fl a Li 2
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selects the PCI bus clock as the transmit clock.
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.It Sy T3
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Connect the two BNC jacks with a short coax cable.
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.It Sy SSI
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Loopback plugs can be ordered from SBE (only).
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Transmit clock is normally supplied by the external modem.
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When an SSI card is operated with a loopback plug,
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the on-board clock synthesizer must be used.
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When testing an SSI card with a loopback plug,
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configure it with
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0 -E -f 10000000
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.Ed
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.Bd -ragged -compact
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.Dq Fl E
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puts the card in DCE mode to source a transmit clock.
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.Dq Fl f Li 10000000
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sets the internal clock source to 10 Mb/s.
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.Ed
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.It Sy T1/E1
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A loopback plug is a modular plug with two wires
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connecting pin 1 to pin 4 and pin 2 to pin 5.
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.El
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.Pp
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One can also test by connecting to a local modem (HSSI and SSI)
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or NI (T1 and T3) configured to loop back.
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Cards can generate signals to loopback remote equipment
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so that complete circuits can be tested; see
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.Xr lmcconfig 8
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for details.
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.Ss Testing with a Modem
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Testing with a modem requires two cards of different types.
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The cards can be in the same machine or different machines.
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.Pp
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Configure the two cards with
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic ifconfig lmc0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
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.Ic ifconfig lmc1 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "T3/HSSI" -offset indent
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.It Sy T3/HSSI
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If you have a T3 modem with an HSSI interface
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(made by Digital Link, Larscom, Kentrox etc.\&)
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then use an HSSI card and a T3 card.
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The coax cables between the card and the modem
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must
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.Dq "cross over"
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(see below).
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.It Sy T1/V.35
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If you have a T1 (or E1) modem with a V.35, X.21 or EIA530 interface,
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then use an SSI card and a T1 card.
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Use a T1 null modem cable (see below) between
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the external modem and the T1 card.
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.El
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.\"
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.Ss Testing with a Null Modem Cable
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.\"
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Testing with a null modem cable requires two cards of the same type.
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The cards can be in the same machine or different machines.
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.Pp
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Configure the two cards with
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic ifconfig lmc0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
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.Ic ifconfig lmc1 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "T1/E1" -offset indent
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.It Sy HSSI
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Three-meter HSSI null-modem cables can be ordered from SBE.
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In a pinch, a 50-pin SCSI-II cable up to a few meters will
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work as a straight HSSI cable (not a null modem cable).
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Longer cables should be purpose-built HSSI cables because
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the cable impedance is different.
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Transmit clock is normally supplied by the external modem.
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When an HSSI card is connected by a null modem cable, the PCI bus
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clock can be used as the transmit clock, typically 33 MHz.
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When testing an HSSI card with a null modem cable,
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configure it with
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0 -a 2
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.Ed
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.Dq Fl a Li 2
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selects the PCI bus clock as the transmit clock.
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.It Sy T3
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T3 null modem cables are just 75-ohm coax cables with BNC connectors.
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TX OUT on one card should be connected to RX IN on the other card.
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In a pinch, 50-ohm thin Ethernet cables
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.Em usually
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work up to a few meters, but they will
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.Em not
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work for longer runs\[em]75-ohm coax is
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.Em required .
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.It Sy SSI
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Three-meter SSI null modem cables can be ordered from SBE.
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An SSI null modem cable reports a cable type of V.36/EIA449.
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Transmit clock is normally supplied by the external modem.
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When an SSI card is connected by a null modem cable,
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an on-board clock synthesizer is used.
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When testing an SSI card with a null modem cable,
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configure it with
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
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.Ic lmcconfig lmc0 -E -f 10000000
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.Ed
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.Bd -ragged -compact
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.Dq Fl E
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puts the card in DCE mode to source a transmit clock.
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.Dq Fl f Li 10000000
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sets the internal clock source to 10 Mb/s.
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.It Sy T1/E1
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A T1 null modem cable has two twisted pairs that connect
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pins 1 and 2 on one plug to pins 4 and 5 on the other plug.
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Looking into the cable entry hole of a plug,
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with the locking tab oriented down,
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pin 1 is on the left.
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A twisted pair Ethernet cable makes an excellent straight T1 cable.
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Alas, Ethernet cross-over cables do not work as T1 null modem cables.
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.El
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.\"
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.Sh OPERATING NOTES
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.\"
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.Ss LEDs
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.\"
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HSSI and SSI cards should be operational if all three green LEDs are
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on (the upper-left one should be blinking) and the red LED is off.
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.Bl -column "YELLOW" "upper-right" -offset indent -compact
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.It "RED\0" Ta "upper-right" Ta "No Transmit clock"
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.It "GREEN" Ta "upper-left" Ta "Device driver is alive if blinking"
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.It "GREEN" Ta "lower-right" Ta "Modem signals are good"
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.It "GREEN" Ta "lower-left" Ta "Cable is plugged in (SSI only)"
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.El
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.Pp
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T1/E1 and T3 cards should be operational if the upper-left
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green LED is blinking and all other LEDs are off.
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For the T3 card, if other LEDs are on or blinking,
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try swapping the coax cables!
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.Bl -column "YELLOW" "upper-right" -offset indent -compact
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.It "RED\0" Ta upper-right Ta "Received signal is wrong"
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.It "GREEN" Ta upper-left Ta "Device driver is alive if blinking"
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.It "BLUE" Ta lower-right Ta "Alarm Information Signal (AIS)"
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.It "YELLOW" Ta lower-left Ta "Remote Alarm Indication (RAI)"
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.El
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.Pp
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.Bl -column "YELLOW" -offset indent -compact
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.It "RED\0" Ta "blinks if an outward loopback is active."
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.It "GREEN" Ta "blinks if the device driver is alive."
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.It "BLUE" Ta "blinks if sending AIS, on solid if receiving AIS."
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.It "YELLOW" Ta "blinks if sending RAI, on solid if receiving RAI."
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.El
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.\"
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.Ss Packet Lengths
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.\"
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.Bd -unfilled -compact
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Maximum transmit and receive packet length is unlimited.
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Minimum transmit and receive packet length is one byte.
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.Ed
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.Pp
|
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Cleaning up after one packet and setting up for the next
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packet involves making several DMA references.
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This can take longer than the duration of a short packet,
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causing the adapter to fall behind.
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|
For typical PCI bus traffic levels and memory system latencies,
|
|
back-to-back packets longer than about 20 bytes will always
|
|
work (53 byte cells work), but a burst of several hundred
|
|
back-to-back packets shorter than 20 bytes will cause packets
|
|
to be dropped.
|
|
This usually is not a problem since an IPv4 packet header is
|
|
at least 20 bytes long.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The device driver imposes no constraints on packet size.
|
|
Most operating systems set the default Maximum Transmission
|
|
Unit (MTU) to 1500 bytes; the legal range is usually (72..65535).
|
|
This can be changed with
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Ic ifconfig lmc0 mtu 2000
|
|
.Ed
|
|
SPPP enforces an MTU of 1500 bytes for PPP and Cisco-HDLC.
|
|
RAWIP sets the default MTU to 4032 bytes,
|
|
but allows it to be changed to anything.
|
|
.Ss ALTQ: Alternate Output Queue Disciplines
|
|
The driver has hooks for
|
|
.Xr altq 9 ,
|
|
the Alternate Queueing package.
|
|
To see ALTQ in action, use your favorite traffic generation
|
|
program to generate three flows sending down one T3 circuit.
|
|
Without ALTQ, the speeds of the three connections will vary chaotically.
|
|
Enable ALTQ and two of the connections will run at about 20 Mb/s and
|
|
the third will run at about 2 Mb/s.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Enable
|
|
.Xr altqd 8
|
|
and add the following lines to
|
|
.Pa /etc/altq.conf :
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Ic interface lmc0 bandwidth 44M hfsc
|
|
.Ic class hfsc lmc0 a root pshare 48
|
|
.Ic filter lmc0 a 10.0.0.2 12345 10.0.0.1 0 6
|
|
.Ic filter lmc0 a 10.0.0.1 0 10.0.0.2 12345 6
|
|
.Ic class hfsc lmc0 b root pshare 48
|
|
.Ic filter lmc0 b 10.0.0.2 12346 10.0.0.1 0 6
|
|
.Ic filter lmc0 b 10.0.0.1 0 10.0.0.2 12346 6
|
|
.Ic class hfsc lmc0 c root pshare 4 default
|
|
.Ic filter lmc0 c 10.0.0.2 12347 10.0.0.1 0 6
|
|
.Ic filter lmc0 c 10.0.0.1 0 10.0.0.2 12347 6
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The example above requires the
|
|
.Xr altq 4
|
|
Hierarchical Fair Service Curve
|
|
queue discipline to be configured in
|
|
.Pa conf/YOURKERNEL :
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Ic options ALTQ
|
|
.Ic options ALTQ_HFSC .
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Ss BPF: Berkeley Packet Filter
|
|
The driver has hooks for
|
|
.Xr bpf 4 ,
|
|
the Berkeley Packet Filter, a protocol-independent
|
|
raw interface to data link layers.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To test the BPF kernel interface,
|
|
bring up a link between two machines, then run
|
|
.Xr ping 8
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr tcpdump 1 :
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Ic ping 10.0.0.1
|
|
.Ed
|
|
and in a different window:
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Ic tcpdump -i lmc0
|
|
.Ed
|
|
The output from tcpdump should look like this:
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Ic 03:54:35.979965 10.0.0.2 > 10.0.0.1: icmp: echo request
|
|
.Ic 03:54:35.981423 10.0.0.1 > 10.0.0.2: icmp: echo reply
|
|
.Ed
|
|
Line protocol control packets may appear among the
|
|
ping packets occasionally.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The kernel must be configured with
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Ic options bpfilter
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Ss SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
|
|
The driver is aware of what is required to be a Network Interface
|
|
Object managed by an Agent of the Simple Network Management Protocol.
|
|
The driver exports SNMP-formatted configuration and status
|
|
information sufficient for an SNMP Agent to create MIBs for:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "RFC-2233" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It RFC-2233
|
|
.%T Interfaces group
|
|
.It RFC-2496
|
|
.%T DS3 interfaces
|
|
.It RFC-2495
|
|
.%T DS1/E1 interfaces
|
|
.It RFC-1659
|
|
.%T RS232-like interfaces
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
An SNMP Agent is a user program, not a kernel function.
|
|
Agents can retrieve configuration and status information
|
|
by using
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2
|
|
system calls.
|
|
User programs should poll
|
|
.Va sc->cfg.ticks
|
|
which increments once per second after the SNMP state has been updated.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Ss E1 Framing
|
|
.\"
|
|
Phone companies usually insist that customers put a
|
|
.Em Frame Alignment Signal
|
|
(FAS) in time slot 0.
|
|
A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) can also ride in time slot 0.
|
|
.Em Channel Associated Signalling
|
|
(CAS) uses Time Slot 16.
|
|
In telco-speak
|
|
.Em signalling
|
|
is on/off hook, ringing, busy, etc.
|
|
Signalling is not needed here and consumes 64 Kb/s.
|
|
Only use E1-CAS formats if the other end insists on it!
|
|
Use E1-FAS+CRC framing format on a public circuit.
|
|
Depending on the equipment installed in a private circuit,
|
|
it may be possible to use all 32 time slots for data (E1-NONE).
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Ss T3 Framing
|
|
.\"
|
|
M13 is a technique for multiplexing 28 T1s into a T3.
|
|
Muxes use the C-bits for speed-matching the tributaries.
|
|
Muxing is not needed here and usurps the FEBE and FEAC bits.
|
|
Only use T3-M13 format if the other end insists on it!
|
|
Use T3-CParity framing format if possible.
|
|
Loop Timing, Fractional T3, and HDLC packets in
|
|
the Facility Data Link are
|
|
.Em not
|
|
supported.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Ss T1 & T3 Frame Overhead Functions
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -compact
|
|
Performance Report Messages (PRMs) are enabled in T1-ESF.
|
|
Bit Oriented Protocol (BOP) messages are enabled in T1-ESF.
|
|
In-band loopback control (framed or not) is enabled in T1-SF.
|
|
Far End Alarm and Control (FEAC) msgs are enabled in T3-CPar.
|
|
Far End Block Error (FEBE) reports are enabled in T3-CPar.
|
|
Remote Alarm Indication (RAI) is enabled in T3-Any.
|
|
Loopbacks initiated remotely time out after 300 seconds.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Ss T1/E1 'Fractional' 64 kb/s Time Slots
|
|
.\"
|
|
T1 uses time slots 24..1; E1 uses time slots 31..0.
|
|
E1 uses TS0 for FAS overhead and TS16 for CAS overhead.
|
|
E1-NONE has
|
|
.Em no
|
|
overhead, so all 32 TSs are available for data.
|
|
Enable/disable time slots by setting 32 1s/0s in a config param.
|
|
Enabling an E1 overhead time slot,
|
|
or enabling TS0 or TS25-TS31 for T1,
|
|
is ignored by the driver, which knows better.
|
|
The default TS param, 0xFFFFFFFF, enables the maximum number
|
|
of time slots for whatever frame format is selected.
|
|
56 Kb/s time slots are
|
|
.Em not
|
|
supported.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr tcpdump 1 ,
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2 ,
|
|
.Xr bpf 4 ,
|
|
.Xr de 4 ,
|
|
.Xr sppp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr altq.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr altqd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
|
|
.Xr init 8 ,
|
|
.Xr lmcconfig 8 ,
|
|
.Xr modload 8 ,
|
|
.Xr ping 8 ,
|
|
.Xr tcpdump 8 ,
|
|
.Xr altq 9 ,
|
|
.Xr ifnet 9
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -unfilled
|
|
.Pa http://www.sbei.net/
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
.\"
|
|
.An Ron Crane
|
|
had the idea to use a Fast Ethernet chip as a PCI interface
|
|
and add an Ethernet-to-HDLC gate array to make a WAN card.
|
|
.An David Boggs
|
|
designed the Ethernet-to-HDLC gate array and PC cards.
|
|
We did this at our company,
|
|
.Tn "LAN Media Corporation (LMC)" .
|
|
.Tn "SBE Corporation"
|
|
acquired
|
|
.Tn LMC
|
|
and continues to make the cards.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Since the cards use Tulip Ethernet chips, we started with
|
|
.An Matt Thomas Ns '
|
|
ubiquitous
|
|
.Xr de 4
|
|
driver.
|
|
.An Michael Graff
|
|
stripped out the Ethernet stuff and added HSSI stuff.
|
|
.An Basil Gunn
|
|
ported it to
|
|
.Tn Solaris
|
|
(lost) and
|
|
.An Rob Braun
|
|
ported it to
|
|
.Tn Linux .
|
|
.An Andrew Stanley-Jones
|
|
added support for three more cards.
|
|
.An David Boggs
|
|
rewrote everything and now feels responsible for it.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.\"
|
|
.An David Boggs Aq boggs@boggs.palo-alto.ca.us
|