1023 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
1023 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.570 2022/12/16 16:58:14 martin Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2012 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.ig
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To "regenerate" this file, go up one level to src/distrib/notes
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and type "make". This will create
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src/distrib/notes/<arch>/INSTALL.*.
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We keep most of the notes the same on HEAD and release branches,
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but some of this are not appropriate for HEAD/current. Also
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some locations differ for actual release, so we distinguish
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between:
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RELEASE_BRANCH == 1
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this is on a release branch (not -current)
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RELEASE_BRANCH == 0
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this is current, not yet branched
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FOR_RELEASE == 1
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this is an official release (will be signed and placed
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on ftp/cdn)
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FOR_RELEASE == 0
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this is a local build or a "daily" build on the build
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cluster
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..
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.
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.tm Processing INSTALL
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.
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.\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION --------------------
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.
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.nr oldvers ( \n[major] - 1 )
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.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\
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.ds RELEASE_URL https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-\*V
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.\}
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.el \{\
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.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\
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.ds ftppath netbsd-\n[major]
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.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH]
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.el .ds ftppath HEAD
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.ds RELEASE_URL https://nycdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/\*[ftppath]/latest
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.\} \" !\n[FOR_RELEASE]
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.nr DOC_XR 1
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.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari
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.as MACHINE_LIST " bebox cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast emips evbarm evbmips
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.as MACHINE_LIST " evbppc evbsh3 ews4800mips hp300 hppa hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh
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.as MACHINE_LIST " i386 ibmnws iyonix landisk luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco
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.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k
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.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc playstation2 pmax prep rs6000 sandpoint sbmips
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.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k zaurus .
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.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros
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.
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.\" Override <title> for HTML output
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.if rHTML .ds title-section Installation procedure for NetBSD/\*M \*V
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.Dd \*[cur_date]
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.Dt INSTALL 8
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.Os NetBSD/\*M \*V
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm INSTALL
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.Nd Installation procedure for
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.Nx*M .
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.Sh CONTENTS
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.Tc
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.
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.Ss About this Document
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.Pp
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.
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This document describes the installation procedure for
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.Nx
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\*V on the
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.Em \*M
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platform.
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It is available in four different formats titled
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.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext ,
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where
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.Ar \&.ext
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is one of
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.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more ,
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.No or Pa \&.txt :
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.(tag \&.morex -offset indent
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.It Pa \&.ps
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PostScript.
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.It Pa \&.html
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.No Standard Internet Tn HTML .
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.It Pa \&.more
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The enhanced text format used on
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.Ul
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systems by the
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.Xr more 1
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and
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.Xr less 1
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pager utility programs.
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This is the format in which the on-line
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.Em man
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pages are generally presented.
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.It Pa \&.txt
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Plain old
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.Tn ASCII .
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.tag)
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.Pp
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You are reading the
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.Em \*[format]
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version.
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.
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.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64]:\n[amd64] \{\
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.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient"
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.Pp
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This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to
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install
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.Nx
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\*V on a machine of the \*M architecture.
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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Fetch files needed to install
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.Nx .
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.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\
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.Pp
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Option 1: bootable CD-ROM images or USB images containing the
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full distribution.
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.Pp
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These can be found
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on an FTP site near you, usually located in the
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.Pa /pub/NetBSD/images/
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directory.
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Check the list of
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.Nx
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.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors mirrors
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for details.
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.Pp
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Option 2: bootable CD-ROM images from
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.Pa \*M/installation/cdrom/ .
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.Pp
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These images are bootable, but do not contain binary sets.
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They are intended for network installs or system repair.
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.Pa boot.iso
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is for VGA console installation, and
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.Pa boot-com.iso
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is for installation over serial console (com0, 9600 baud).
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.Pp
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.\} \" amd64:i386
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.if \n[i386] \{\
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Option 3: boot floppy images from
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.Pa \*M/installation/floppy/ .
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.Pp
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.Pa boot1.fs
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and
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.Pa boot2.fs
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are floppy images for VGA console installation.
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.Pa boot-com1.fs
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and
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.Pa boot-com2.fs
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are for installation via serial console (com0, 9600 baud).
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.\} \" i386
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.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\
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.It
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The default kernel on CD-ROMs has ACPI enabled.
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This is known to cause issues on a few machines which have buggy ACPI
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implementations.
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.Pp
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To boot with ACPI disabled, interrupt the menu and enter the
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.Nx
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boot prompt.
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Type
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.Ic boot -2
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to boot with ACPI disabled.
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.\} \" amd64:i386
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.if \n[macppc] \{\
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The files depend on which model you
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are using and how you plan to boot your machine.
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For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2),
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fetch the pair of boot floppy images
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.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs
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and
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.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs ,
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which include the bootloader and installation kernel.
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For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the
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bootloader
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.Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf
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and the installation kernel
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.Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz .
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If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image,
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.Pa NetBSD-\*V-macppc.iso .
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.\}
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.if \n[sparc] \{\
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Fetch a CD image,
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.Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc.iso .
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You need the CD to boot your system.
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.\}
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.if \n[sparc64] \{\
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This is either a CD image
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.Pq Pa NetBSD-\*V-sparc64.iso
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which can be booted directly, or the installation kernel and bootloader
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.Pq Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot
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which can be booted from a
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.Tn Solaris
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or
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.Nx
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partition.
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.\}
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.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\
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Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is
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covered below, in detail.
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.\}
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.It
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The actual binary distribution is in the
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.Pa \*M/binary/sets/
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directory.
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When you boot the install
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.if \n[amd64] image or CD-ROM,
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.if \n[i386] image, CD-ROM or floppies,
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.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM,
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.if \n[sparc] CD-ROM,
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.if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel,
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the installation program
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can fetch these files for you (using, e.g., ftp)
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if you have a network connection.
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There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto
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your machine.
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.Pp
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You will at a minimum need
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.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\
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one of the kernel sets, typically
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.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] ,
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as well as
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.\}
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.el \{\
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the following sets:
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.Pa kern-GENERIC.\*[setsuffix] ,
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.\}
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.Pa base.\*[setsuffix]
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and
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.Pa etc.\*[setsuffix] .
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In a typical workstation installation you will probably want
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all the installation sets.
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.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\
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.It
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Write the boot images
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.Pp
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|
Many commercial and freeware programs are available to burn CD-ROMs.
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.Pp
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|
If installing via USB, you must first uncompress the USB image, which
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is gzipped.
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.if \n[amd64] \{\
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Note the \*M architecture has two images, NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz
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and NetBSD-\*V-\*M-bios-install.img.gz. The latter is intended for older
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hardware which is unable to boot using a hybrid MBR and GPT image.
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.\}
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.Dl $ Ic "gunzip NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img.gz"
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Next, write the USB image to a USB stick/drive.
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|
Note that this will overwrite any existing data on the device that you
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specify, so double check the device before running!
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|
On
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.Ul
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operating systems, use a command similar to the following,
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replacing
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.Pa /dev/rsd0d
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with the appropriate device for your system:
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.Dl # Ic "dd if=NetBSD-\*V-\*M-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=32k"
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On Windows, you will need to use a program such as
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.Lk http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ "Win32 Disk Imager" ,
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or
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|
.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/~martin/rawrite32 Rawrite32 .
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|
If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy,
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the
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.Ic rawrite.exe
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|
MS-DOS program
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in the
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.Pa \*M/installation/misc/
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directory may be of help.
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|
.\}
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.if \n[macppc] \{\
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.It
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|
If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using
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.Ic suntar
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(MacOS 9),
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.Ic rawrite
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(Windows), or
|
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.Ic dd
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(any
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.Ul
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|
system with floppy support). If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag
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.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz
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to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop).
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If you are using the CD image, burn it now.
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|
.\}
|
|
.if \n[sparc] \{\
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.It
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|
Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable.
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|
Burn the CD.
|
|
.\}
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|
.if \n[sparc64] \{\
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.It
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|
Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader
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|
at the root level of a bootable
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.Tn Solaris
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or
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.Nx
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partition.
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|
.\}
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.Pp
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The media you just prepared will be used to boot the installation
|
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kernel, which contains all the tools required to install
|
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.Nx .
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.if \n[macppc] \{\
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.It
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|
Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the
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.Nx*M
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|
.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ports/macppc/models.html "Model Support webpage" .
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.Pp
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|
At present,
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.Nx*M
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|
cannot exist on the same hard drive as
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.Tn Mac OS
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|
unless you partition your disk before running the installer.
|
|
Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated
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.Nx
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drive \(em you must use the entire disk,
|
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partitioned with the installation tools.
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|
Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into
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.Nx
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on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition
|
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your disk before running the installer, then select the
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.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets"
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option in the installer (selecting the
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.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk"
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or
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.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk"
|
|
options will render your drive unbootable).
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|
If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on
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.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD
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.It
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|
For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use
|
|
Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and
|
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keyboard.
|
|
To enter Open Firmware, hold down the
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|
.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F
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|
keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends.
|
|
Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating
|
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part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on
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.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation
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.Pp
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|
You should have the Open Firmware
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.Dq Pa "0 \*[Gt]"
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prompt on your screen before attempting to boot
|
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.Nx*M .
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if \n[macppc] \{\
|
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.It
|
|
At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot.
|
|
To boot from the installation floppies, the command is
|
|
.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" .
|
|
For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware
|
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3), the command is
|
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.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For boot CDs, the command is something like
|
|
.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc"
|
|
(for Open Firmware 3) or
|
|
.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC"
|
|
(for earlier Open Firmware versions).
|
|
You will need to use the correct case for
|
|
.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC
|
|
depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO
|
|
file system.
|
|
You may need to replace
|
|
.Ic cd
|
|
with
|
|
.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ,"
|
|
or some other device alias.
|
|
You should also use the Open Firmware
|
|
.Ic dir
|
|
command to confirm that the
|
|
.Nx*M
|
|
kernel is called
|
|
.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC .
|
|
You may want to read the section below on
|
|
.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if \n[macppc] \{\
|
|
.It
|
|
.Pp
|
|
PowerPC 601 machines need to use separate boot floppies
|
|
.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot601_1.fs
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot602_2.fs ,
|
|
a different kernel set
|
|
.Pa kern-GENERIC_601.\*[setsuffix] ,
|
|
and a different install kernel
|
|
.Pa netbsd-INSTALL_601.gz .
|
|
The same boot CD can be used but at the boot prompt you must specify
|
|
the 601 kernel, i.e., replace
|
|
.Ic netbsd.macppc
|
|
with
|
|
.Ic netbsd.601
|
|
.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\
|
|
.It
|
|
You will need to get to the
|
|
.if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM
|
|
.if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware
|
|
.Dq Ic "ok"
|
|
prompt.
|
|
After your system first powers on and displays some initial information,
|
|
press the
|
|
.Key STOP-A
|
|
keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console.
|
|
At the
|
|
.Dq Ic "ok"
|
|
prompt, type the command to boot your system into
|
|
.Nx .
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if \n[sparc] \{\
|
|
The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on
|
|
your model):
|
|
.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) ,
|
|
.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Ic boot cdrom .
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if \n[sparc64] \{\
|
|
The command to boot from CD is:
|
|
.Dq Ic boot cdrom .
|
|
The command to boot the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
kernel from a
|
|
.Tn Solaris
|
|
or
|
|
.Nx
|
|
partition depends on which disk and partition it is on.
|
|
To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk:
|
|
.Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" .
|
|
When it asks you for a kernel, specify
|
|
.Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz"
|
|
.\}
|
|
.It
|
|
For third-party programs which are not part of the base
|
|
.Nx
|
|
distribution, you will want to explore the
|
|
.Ic pkgsrc
|
|
package management system, which contains thousands of third-party software
|
|
applications.
|
|
.El
|
|
.\}
|
|
.Ss "What is NetBSD?"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
The
|
|
.Nx
|
|
Operating System is a fully functional open-source operating system derived
|
|
from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2),
|
|
4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources.
|
|
.Nx
|
|
runs on many different different system architectures (ports)
|
|
across a variety of distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more.
|
|
The
|
|
.Nx
|
|
\*V release contains complete binary releases for most of these
|
|
system architectures, with preliminary support for the others included in
|
|
source form.
|
|
Please see the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ website
|
|
for information on them.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nx
|
|
is a completely integrated system.
|
|
In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel,
|
|
.nh
|
|
.Nx
|
|
features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several
|
|
languages, the X Window System, firewall software
|
|
and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license
|
|
.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is?
|
|
.Nx
|
|
is a creation of the members of the Internet community.
|
|
Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes
|
|
possible,
|
|
.Nx
|
|
would not exist.
|
|
.
|
|
.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] \
|
|
and \n[major] Releases
|
|
.el .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD \n[oldvers] and \
|
|
\n[major] Releases, and newer
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nx
|
|
\*V release
|
|
provides many significant changes, including support for many new
|
|
devices, hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and
|
|
numerous userland enhancements.
|
|
The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for
|
|
production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.if !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{ \
|
|
Please note that this build is a development snapshot, not a formal release.
|
|
You are testing the bleeding edge of
|
|
.Nx
|
|
development, and no formal or informal testing may have been done for
|
|
this snapshot (yet).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{
|
|
One important new feature in this release is the support for extended
|
|
attributes and access controll lists on FFS file systems.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For new installations the installer will default to disable this features,
|
|
so the file system is compatible with older
|
|
.Nx
|
|
releases (before 10), and allow other operating systems to mount this
|
|
file systems at least in read-only mode.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you want a new installed file system to support extended attributes,
|
|
change the file system type from
|
|
.Dq FFSv2
|
|
to
|
|
.Dq FFSv2ea
|
|
in the partitioning menu.
|
|
You can also convert file systems later, using the
|
|
.Xr fsck_ffs 8
|
|
utility.
|
|
More details are available in
|
|
.Lk https://wiki.netbsd.org/tutorials/acls_and_extended_attributes_on_ffs "this guide" .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you are upgrading from a version of
|
|
.Nx -current
|
|
please also check the
|
|
.Sx "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" .
|
|
.PP
|
|
It is impossible to completely summarize the massive development that
|
|
went into the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
\*V release.
|
|
.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\
|
|
The complete list of changes can be found in the following files:
|
|
.br
|
|
.Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES" CHANGES
|
|
.de showdotchanges
|
|
. nr ominor (\\$1-1)
|
|
. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor]
|
|
. nr ominor (\\$1-1)
|
|
. br
|
|
. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\\$1" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1"
|
|
..
|
|
.showdotchanges \n[minor]
|
|
.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\
|
|
. br
|
|
. Lk "\*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES-\n[major].\n[nextminor]" "CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor]"
|
|
.\}
|
|
.br
|
|
files in the top level directory of the NetBSD \n[major].\n[minor] release tree.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH]
|
|
.el \{\
|
|
The complete list of changes can be found in the following files:
|
|
.br
|
|
.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES CHANGES
|
|
.br
|
|
.Lk \*[RELEASE_URL]/CHANGES.prev CHANGES.prev
|
|
.\} \" !\n[RELEASE_BRANCH]
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss "Features to be removed in a later release"
|
|
The following features are to be removed from
|
|
.Nx
|
|
in the future:
|
|
.Bl -bullet -offset indent
|
|
.It
|
|
.Xr groff 1 .
|
|
Man pages are now handled with
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr groff 1
|
|
can still be found in pkgsrc as
|
|
.Pa textproc/groff .
|
|
.It
|
|
.Xr pf 4 .
|
|
This packet filter is obsolete and unmaintained in
|
|
.Nx .
|
|
It will be eventually removed due to possible long-standing
|
|
security issues and lack of multiprocessor support.
|
|
New installations should use
|
|
.Xr npf 7 .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss "The NetBSD Foundation"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
The
|
|
.Nx
|
|
Foundation is a tax exempt, not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation
|
|
that devotes itself to the traditional goals and spirit of the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
Project and owns the trademark of the word
|
|
.Dq NetBSD .
|
|
It supports the design, development, and adoption of
|
|
.Nx
|
|
worldwide.
|
|
More information on the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
Foundation, its composition, aims, and work can be found at:
|
|
.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/foundation/
|
|
.br_ne 10P
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss "Sources of NetBSD"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
Refer to
|
|
.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ mirrors
|
|
.br_ne 10P
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
The root directory of the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
\*V release is organized as follows:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/
|
|
.(tag README.files
|
|
.It Li CHANGES
|
|
.ie \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] Changes between the \n[oldvers].0 and \
|
|
\n[major].0 releases.
|
|
.el Changes after the netbsd-\n[major] branch.
|
|
.if \n[RELEASE_BRANCH] \{\
|
|
.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].0
|
|
Changes between the initial \n[major].0 branch and final release of \n[major].0.
|
|
.de showdotchanges
|
|
. nr ominor (\\$1-1)
|
|
. if \\n[ominor] .showdotchanges \\n[ominor]
|
|
. nr ominor (\\$1-1)
|
|
. It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\\$1
|
|
Changes between the \n[major].\\n[ominor] and the \n[major].\\$1 release.
|
|
..
|
|
.if \n[minor] .showdotchanges \n[minor]
|
|
.if (\n[nextminor] > \n[minor]) \{\
|
|
.It Li CHANGES-\\n[major].\n[nextminor]
|
|
Changes after the release of \n[major].\n[minor].
|
|
.\} \" \n[nextminor] > \n[minor]
|
|
.\} \" \n[RELEASE_BRANCH]
|
|
.It Li CHANGES.prev
|
|
Changes in previous
|
|
.Nx
|
|
releases.
|
|
.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\
|
|
.It Li LAST_MINUTE
|
|
Last minute changes and notes about the release.
|
|
.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE]
|
|
.It Li README.files
|
|
README describing the distribution's contents.
|
|
.It Pa images/
|
|
Images (ISO 9660 or USB) for installing NetBSD.
|
|
Depending on your system, these may be bootable.
|
|
.It Pa source/
|
|
Source distribution sets; see below.
|
|
.tag)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one
|
|
directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which
|
|
.Nx
|
|
\*V has a binary distribution.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
|
|
.Pa source
|
|
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
|
|
They contain the complete sources to the system.
|
|
The source distribution sets are as follows:
|
|
.(tag sharesrc
|
|
.It Sy gnusrc
|
|
This set contains the
|
|
.Dq gnu
|
|
sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff,
|
|
and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets.
|
|
.It Sy sharesrc
|
|
This set contains the
|
|
.Dq share
|
|
sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated
|
|
with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document
|
|
set; the dictionaries; and more.
|
|
.It Sy src
|
|
This set contains all of the base
|
|
.Nx
|
|
\*V sources which are not in
|
|
.Sy gnusrc ,
|
|
.Sy sharesrc ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Sy syssrc .
|
|
.It Sy syssrc
|
|
This set contains the sources to the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
\*V kernel for all architectures as well as the
|
|
.Xr config 1
|
|
utility.
|
|
.It Sy xsrc
|
|
This set contains the sources to the X Window System.
|
|
.tag)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
All the above source sets are located in the
|
|
.Pa source/sets
|
|
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
|
|
Except for the
|
|
.Sy pkgsrc
|
|
set, which is traditionally unpacked into
|
|
.Pa /usr/pkgsrc ,
|
|
all sets may be unpacked into
|
|
.Pa /usr/src
|
|
with the command:
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.\*[setsuffix]"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In each of the source distribution set directories, there are
|
|
files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
|
|
.(tag SHA512 -offset indent
|
|
.It Li MD5
|
|
.Tn MD5
|
|
digests in the format produced by the command:
|
|
.br
|
|
.Ic cksum -a MD5 Ar file .
|
|
.It Li SHA512
|
|
.Tn SHA512
|
|
digests in the format produced by the command:
|
|
.br
|
|
.Ic cksum -a SHA512 Ar file .
|
|
.tag)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider
|
|
range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files.
|
|
.
|
|
.so contents -----------------------------------------------
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.(Note
|
|
Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its
|
|
own checksum files, just as the source distribution does.
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.br_ne 7P
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices"
|
|
.
|
|
.so hardware -----------------------------------------------
|
|
.br_ne 7P
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media"
|
|
.
|
|
.so xfer -----------------------------------------------
|
|
.br_ne 7P
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation"
|
|
.
|
|
.so prep -----------------------------------------------
|
|
.br_ne 7P
|
|
.
|
|
.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)"
|
|
.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System"
|
|
.
|
|
.so install -----------------------------------------------
|
|
.br_ne 7P
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss "Post installation steps"
|
|
.
|
|
.so ../common/postinstall -----------------------------------------------
|
|
.br_ne 7P
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System"
|
|
.
|
|
.so upgrade -----------------------------------------------
|
|
.br_ne 7P
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
Users upgrading from previous versions of
|
|
.Nx
|
|
may wish to bear the
|
|
following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to
|
|
.Nx
|
|
\*V.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Ic sysinst
|
|
will automatically invoke
|
|
.(disp
|
|
postinstall fix
|
|
.disp)
|
|
and thus all issues that are fixed by
|
|
.Ic postinstall
|
|
by default will be handled.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you have ever run a version of
|
|
.Nx -current
|
|
between April 18, 2020 and September 23, 2022 (the version numbers
|
|
used in the affected time range are between 9.99.56 and 9.99.106)
|
|
your FFS file systems might have broken extended attributes stored.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You should follow this
|
|
.Lk https://wiki.netbsd.org/features/UFS2ea/ guide
|
|
before booting the updated system multi-user for the first time.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Em Note that you do not need to do anything special if you never did run any affected kernel,
|
|
especially if you have never run
|
|
.Nx -current .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A number of things have been removed from the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
\*V release.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Dq Components removed from NetBSD
|
|
section near the beginning of this document for a list.
|
|
.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Documentation is available if you installed the manual
|
|
distribution set.
|
|
Traditionally, the
|
|
.Dq man pages
|
|
(documentation) are denoted by
|
|
.Sq Li name(section) .
|
|
Some examples of this are
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(bullet -compact -offset indent
|
|
.Xr intro 1 ,
|
|
.It
|
|
.Xr man 1 ,
|
|
.It
|
|
.Xr apropos 1 ,
|
|
.It
|
|
.Xr passwd 1 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.It
|
|
.Xr passwd 5 .
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three
|
|
are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats
|
|
are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.No The Em man
|
|
command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is
|
|
started by entering
|
|
.Ic man
|
|
.Op Ar section
|
|
.Ar topic .
|
|
The brackets
|
|
.Op \&
|
|
around the
|
|
section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is
|
|
optional.
|
|
If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the
|
|
lowest numbered section name will be displayed.
|
|
For instance, after logging in, enter
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "man passwd"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
to read the documentation for
|
|
.Xr passwd 1 .
|
|
To view the documentation for
|
|
.Xr passwd 5 ,
|
|
enter
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
instead.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic apropos Ar subject-word
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar subject-word
|
|
is your topic of interest; a list of possibly
|
|
related man pages will be displayed.
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss Administrivia
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
If you've got something to say, do so!
|
|
We'd like your input.
|
|
There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list
|
|
server at
|
|
.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org .
|
|
See
|
|
.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/
|
|
for details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and
|
|
questions about this release.
|
|
Please send comments to:
|
|
.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To report bugs, use the
|
|
.Xr send-pr 1
|
|
command shipped with
|
|
.Nx ,
|
|
and fill in as much information about the problem as you can.
|
|
Good bug reports include lots of details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Bugs also can be submitted and queried with the web interface at
|
|
.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html
|
|
.Pp
|
|
There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of
|
|
each port of
|
|
.Nx .
|
|
Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit
|
|
.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific
|
|
port, you probably should contact the
|
|
.Sq owner
|
|
of that port (listed
|
|
below).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you'd like to help with
|
|
.Nx ,
|
|
and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to:
|
|
.Mt netbsd-users@NetBSD.org .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these
|
|
mailing lists.
|
|
Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere,
|
|
then mail the appropriate list about it.
|
|
If you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to
|
|
those who want it.
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss Thanks go to
|
|
.
|
|
.(bullet
|
|
The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group,
|
|
including (but not limited to):
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
Keith Bostic
|
|
Ralph Campbell
|
|
Mike Karels
|
|
Marshall Kirk McKusick
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
for their work on
|
|
.Bx
|
|
systems, support, and encouragement.
|
|
.It
|
|
The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers.
|
|
.It
|
|
The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server
|
|
which runs the CVSweb interface to the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
source tree.
|
|
.It
|
|
The Columbia University Computer Science Department for hosting
|
|
the build cluster.
|
|
.It
|
|
The many organizations that provide
|
|
.Nx
|
|
mirror sites.
|
|
.It
|
|
Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats
|
|
go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people
|
|
who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool.
|
|
.It
|
|
We list the individuals and organizations
|
|
that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support
|
|
.Nx
|
|
development, and deserve credit for it at
|
|
.Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/donations/
|
|
(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us!
|
|
We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you
|
|
wanted to be listed.)
|
|
.It
|
|
Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into
|
|
developing
|
|
.Nx
|
|
since its inception in January, 1993.
|
|
(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here.
|
|
If you're one of them, and would like to be mentioned, tell us!)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered
|
|
trademarks of their respective owners.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of
|
|
the software that we have mentioned in this document:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.nr save_size \n[.s]
|
|
.nr save_vs \n[.v]
|
|
.ps 8
|
|
.vs 9
|
|
.Ht <font size=-1>
|
|
.(item -compact
|
|
.so ../common/legal.common -----------------------------------------------
|
|
.item)
|
|
.Ht </font>
|
|
.ps
|
|
.vs
|
|
.Ss "The End"
|