787 lines
27 KiB
Plaintext
787 lines
27 KiB
Plaintext
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Network Working Group P. Mockapetris
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Request for Comments: 1101 ISI
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Updates: RFCs 1034, 1035 April 1989
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DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types
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1. STATUS OF THIS MEMO
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This RFC proposes two extensions to the Domain Name System:
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- A specific method for entering and retrieving RRs which map
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between network names and numbers.
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- Ideas for a general method for describing mappings between
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arbitrary identifiers and numbers.
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The method for mapping between network names and addresses is a
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proposed standard, the ideas for a general method are experimental.
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This RFC assumes that the reader is familiar with the DNS [RFC 1034,
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RFC 1035] and its use. The data shown is for pedagogical use and
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does not necessarily reflect the real Internet.
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Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
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2. INTRODUCTION
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The DNS is extensible and can be used for a virtually unlimited
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number of data types, name spaces, etc. New type definitions are
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occasionally necessary as are revisions or deletions of old types
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(e.g., MX replacement of MD and MF [RFC 974]), and changes described
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in [RFC 973]. This RFC describes changes due to the general need to
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map between identifiers and values, and a specific need for network
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name support.
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Users wish to be able to use the DNS to map between network names and
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numbers. This need is the only capability found in HOSTS.TXT which
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is not available from the DNS. In designing a method to do this,
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there were two major areas of concern:
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- Several tradeoffs involving control of network names, the
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syntax of network names, backward compatibility, etc.
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- A desire to create a method which would be sufficiently
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general to set a good precedent for future mappings,
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for example, between TCP-port names and numbers,
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Mockapetris [Page 1]
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RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
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autonomous system names and numbers, X.500 Relative
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Distinguished Names (RDNs) and their servers, or whatever.
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It was impossible to reconcile these two areas of concern for network
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names because of the desire to unify network number support within
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existing IP address to host name support. The existing support is
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the IN-ADDR.ARPA section of the DNS name space. As a result this RFC
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describes one structure for network names which builds on the
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existing support for host names, and another family of structures for
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future yellow pages (YP) functions such as conversions between TCP-
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port numbers and mnemonics.
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Both structures are described in following sections. Each structure
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has a discussion of design issues and specific structure
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recommendations.
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We wish to avoid defining structures and methods which can work but
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do not because of indifference or errors on the part of system
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administrators when maintaining the database. The WKS RR is an
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example. Thus, while we favor distribution as a general method, we
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also recognize that centrally maintained tables (such as HOSTS.TXT)
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are usually more consistent though less maintainable and timely.
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Hence we recommend both specific methods for mapping network names,
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addresses, and subnets, as well as an instance of the general method
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for mapping between allocated network numbers and network names.
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(Allocation is centrally performed by the SRI Network Information
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Center, aka the NIC).
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3. NETWORK NAME ISSUES AND DISCUSSION
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The issues involved in the design were the definition of network name
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syntax, the mappings to be provided, and possible support for similar
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functions at the subnet level.
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3.1. Network name syntax
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The current syntax for network names, as defined by [RFC 952] is an
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alphanumeric string of up to 24 characters, which begins with an
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alpha, and may include "." and "-" except as first and last
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characters. This is the format which was also used for host names
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before the DNS. Upward compatibility with existing names might be a
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goal of any new scheme.
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However, the present syntax has been used to define a flat name
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space, and hence would prohibit the same distributed name allocation
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method used for host names. There is some sentiment for allowing the
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NIC to continue to allocate and regulate network names, much as it
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allocates numbers, but the majority opinion favors local control of
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Mockapetris [Page 2]
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RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
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network names. Although it would be possible to provide a flat space
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or a name space in which, for example, the last label of a domain
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name captured the old-style network name, any such approach would add
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complexity to the method and create different rules for network names
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and host names.
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For these reasons, we assume that the syntax of network names will be
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the same as the expanded syntax for host names permitted in [HR].
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The new syntax expands the set of names to allow leading digits, so
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long as the resulting representations do not conflict with IP
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addresses in decimal octet form. For example, 3Com.COM and 3M.COM
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are now legal, although 26.0.0.73.COM is not. See [HR] for details.
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The price is that network names will get as complicated as host
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names. An administrator will be able to create network names in any
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domain under his control, and also create network number to name
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entries in IN-ADDR.ARPA domains under his control. Thus, the name
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for the ARPANET might become NET.ARPA, ARPANET.ARPA or Arpa-
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network.MIL., depending on the preferences of the owner.
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3.2. Mappings
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The desired mappings, ranked by priority with most important first,
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are:
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- Mapping a IP address or network number to a network name.
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This mapping is for use in debugging tools and status displays
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of various sorts. The conversion from IP address to network
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number is well known for class A, B, and C IP addresses, and
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involves a simple mask operation. The needs of other classes
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are not yet defined and are ignored for the rest of this RFC.
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- Mapping a network name to a network address.
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This facility is of less obvious application, but a
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symmetrical mapping seems desirable.
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- Mapping an organization to its network names and numbers.
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This facility is useful because it may not always be possible
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to guess the local choice for network names, but the
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organization name is often well known.
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- Similar mappings for subnets, even when nested.
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The primary application is to be able to identify all of the
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subnets involved in a particular IP address. A secondary
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Mockapetris [Page 3]
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RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
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requirement is to retrieve address mask information.
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3.3. Network address section of the name space
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The network name syntax discussed above can provide domain names
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which will contain mappings from network names to various quantities,
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but we also need a section of the name space, organized by network
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and subnet number to hold the inverse mappings.
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The choices include:
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- The same network number slots already assigned and delegated
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in the IN-ADDR.ARPA section of the name space.
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For example, 10.IN-ADDR.ARPA for class A net 10,
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2.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA for class B net 128.2, etc.
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- Host-zero addresses in the IN-ADDR.ARPA tree. (A host field
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of all zero in an IP address is prohibited because of
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confusion related to broadcast addresses, et al.)
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For example, 0.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA for class A net 10,
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0.0.2.128.IN-ADDR.arpa for class B net 128.2, etc. Like the
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first scheme, it uses in-place name space delegations to
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distribute control.
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The main advantage of this scheme over the first is that it
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allows convenient names for subnets as well as networks. A
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secondary advantage is that it uses names which are not in use
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already, and hence it is possible to test whether an
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organization has entered this information in its domain
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database.
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- Some new section of the name space.
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While this option provides the most opportunities, it creates
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a need to delegate a whole new name space. Since the IP
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address space is so closely related to the network number
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space, most believe that the overhead of creating such a new
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space is overwhelming and would lead to the WKS syndrome. (As
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of February, 1989, approximately 400 sections of the
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IN-ADDR.ARPA tree are already delegated, usually at network
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boundaries.)
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Mockapetris [Page 4]
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RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
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4. SPECIFICS FOR NETWORK NAME MAPPINGS
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The proposed solution uses information stored at:
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- Names in the IN-ADDR.ARPA tree that correspond to host-zero IP
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addresses. The same method is used for subnets in a nested
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fashion. For example, 0.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. for net 10.
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Two types of information are stored here: PTR RRs which point
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to the network name in their data sections, and A RRs, which
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are present if the network (or subnet) is subnetted further.
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If a type A RR is present, then it has the address mask as its
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data. The general form is:
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<reversed-host-zero-number>.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR <network-name>
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<reversed-host-zero-number>.IN-ADDR.ARPA. A <subnet-mask>
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For example:
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0.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR ARPANET.ARPA.
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or
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0.0.2.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR cmu-net.cmu.edu.
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A 255.255.255.0
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In general, this information will be added to an existing
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master file for some IN-ADDR.ARPA domain for each network
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involved. Similar RRs can be used at host-zero subnet
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entries.
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- Names which are network names.
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The data stored here is PTR RRs pointing at the host-zero
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entries. The general form is:
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<network-name> ptr <reversed-host-zero-number>.IN-ADDR.ARPA
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For example:
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ARPANET.ARPA. PTR 0.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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or
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isi-net.isi.edu. PTR 0.0.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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In general, this information will be inserted in the master
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file for the domain name of the organization; this is a
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Mockapetris [Page 5]
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RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
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different file from that which holds the information below
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IN-ADDR.ARPA. Similar PTR RRs can be used at subnet names.
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- Names corresponding to organizations.
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The data here is one or more PTR RRs pointing at the
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IN-ADDR.ARPA names corresponding to host-zero entries for
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networks.
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For example:
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ISI.EDU. PTR 0.0.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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MCC.COM. PTR 0.167.5.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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PTR 0.168.5.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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PTR 0.169.5.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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PTR 0.0.62.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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4.1. A simple example
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The ARPANET is a Class A network without subnets. The RRs which
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would be added, assuming the ARPANET.ARPA was selected as a network
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name, would be:
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ARPA. PTR 0.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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ARPANET.ARPA. PTR 0.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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0.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR ARPANET.ARPA.
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The first RR states that the organization named ARPA owns net 10 (It
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might also own more network numbers, and these would be represented
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with an additional RR per net.) The second states that the network
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name ARPANET.ARPA. maps to net 10. The last states that net 10 is
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named ARPANET.ARPA.
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Note that all of the usual host and corresponding IN-ADDR.ARPA
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entries would still be required.
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4.2. A complicated, subnetted example
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The ISI network is 128.9, a class B number. Suppose the ISI network
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was organized into two levels of subnet, with the first level using
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an additional 8 bits of address, and the second level using 4 bits,
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for address masks of x'FFFFFF00' and X'FFFFFFF0'.
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Then the following RRs would be entered in ISI's master file for the
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ISI.EDU zone:
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Mockapetris [Page 6]
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RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
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; Define network entry
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isi-net.isi.edu. PTR 0.0.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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; Define first level subnets
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div1-subnet.isi.edu. PTR 0.1.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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div2-subnet.isi.edu. PTR 0.2.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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; Define second level subnets
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inc-subsubnet.isi.edu. PTR 16.2.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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in the 9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA zone:
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; Define network number and address mask
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0.0.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR isi-net.isi.edu.
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A 255.255.255.0 ;aka X'FFFFFF00'
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; Define one of the first level subnet numbers and masks
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0.1.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR div1-subnet.isi.edu.
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A 255.255.255.240 ;aka X'FFFFFFF0'
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; Define another first level subnet number and mask
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0.2.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR div2-subnet.isi.edu.
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A 255.255.255.240 ;aka X'FFFFFFF0'
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; Define second level subnet number
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16.2.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR inc-subsubnet.isi.edu.
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This assumes that the ISI network is named isi-net.isi.edu., first
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level subnets are named div1-subnet.isi.edu. and div2-
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subnet.isi.edu., and a second level subnet is called inc-
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subsubnet.isi.edu. (In a real system as complicated as this there
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would be more first and second level subnets defined, but we have
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shown enough to illustrate the ideas.)
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4.3. Procedure for using an IP address to get network name
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Depending on whether the IP address is class A, B, or C, mask off the
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high one, two, or three bytes, respectively. Reverse the octets,
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suffix IN-ADDR.ARPA, and do a PTR query.
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For example, suppose the IP address is 10.0.0.51.
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1. Since this is a class A address, use a mask x'FF000000' and
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get 10.0.0.0.
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2. Construct the name 0.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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3. Do a PTR query. Get back
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Mockapetris [Page 7]
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RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
|
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0.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR ARPANET.ARPA.
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4. Conclude that the network name is "ARPANET.ARPA."
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Suppose that the IP address is 128.9.2.17.
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1. Since this is a class B address, use a mask of x'FFFF0000'
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and get 128.9.0.0.
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2. Construct the name 0.0.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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3. Do a PTR query. Get back
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0.0.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR isi-net.isi.edu
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4. Conclude that the network name is "isi-net.isi.edu."
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4.4. Procedure for finding all subnets involved with an IP address
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This is a simple extension of the IP address to network name method.
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When the network entry is located, do a lookup for a possible A RR.
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If the A RR is found, look up the next level of subnet using the
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original IP address and the mask in the A RR. Repeat this procedure
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until no A RR is found.
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For example, repeating the use of 128.9.2.17.
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1. As before construct a query for 0.0.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
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Retrieve:
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0.0.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR isi-net.isi.edu.
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A 255.255.255.0
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2. Since an A RR was found, repeat using mask from RR
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(255.255.255.0), constructing a query for
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0.2.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. Retrieve:
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0.2.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR div2-subnet.isi.edu.
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A 255.255.255.240
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3. Since another A RR was found, repeat using mask
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255.255.255.240 (x'FFFFFFF0'). constructing a query for
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16.2.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. Retrieve:
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16.2.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR inc-subsubnet.isi.edu.
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4. Since no A RR is present at 16.2.9.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA., there
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are no more subnet levels.
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|
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Mockapetris [Page 8]
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|
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RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
|
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|
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|
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5. YP ISSUES AND DISCUSSION
|
||
|
||
The term "Yellow Pages" is used in almost as many ways as the term
|
||
"domain", so it is useful to define what is meant herein by YP. The
|
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general problem to be solved is to create a method for creating
|
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mappings from one kind of identifier to another, often with an
|
||
inverse capability. The traditional methods are to search or use a
|
||
precomputed index of some kind.
|
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|
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Searching is impractical when the search is too large, and
|
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precomputed indexes are possible only when it is possible to specify
|
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search criteria in advance, and pay for the resources necessary to
|
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build the index. For example, it is impractical to search the entire
|
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domain tree to find a particular address RR, so we build the IN-
|
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ADDR.ARPA YP. Similarly, we could never build an Internet-wide index
|
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of "hosts with a load average of less than 2" in less time than it
|
||
would take for the data to change, so indexes are a useless approach
|
||
for that problem.
|
||
|
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Such a precomputed index is what we mean by YP, and we regard the
|
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IN-ADDR.ARPA domain as the first instance of a YP in the DNS.
|
||
Although a single, centrally-managed YP for well-known values such as
|
||
TCP-port is desirable, we regard organization-specific YPs for, say,
|
||
locally defined TCP ports as a natural extension, as are combinations
|
||
of YPs using search lists to merge the two.
|
||
|
||
In examining Internet Numbers [RFC 997] and Assigned Numbers [RFC
|
||
1010], it is clear that there are several mappings which might be of
|
||
value. For example:
|
||
|
||
<assigned-network-name> <==> <IP-address>
|
||
<autonomous-system-id> <==> <number>
|
||
<protocol-id> <==> <number>
|
||
<port-id> <==> <number>
|
||
<ethernet-type> <==> <number>
|
||
<public-data-net> <==> <IP-address>
|
||
|
||
Following the IN-ADDR example, the YP takes the form of a domain tree
|
||
organized to optimize retrieval by search key and distribution via
|
||
normal DNS rules. The name used as a key must include:
|
||
|
||
1. A well known origin. For example, IN-ADDR.ARPA is the
|
||
current IP-address to host name YP.
|
||
|
||
2. A "from" data type. This identifies the input type of the
|
||
mapping. This is necessary because we may be mapping
|
||
something as anonymous as a number to any number of
|
||
mnemonics, etc.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Mockapetris [Page 9]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
|
||
|
||
|
||
3. A "to" data type. Since we assume several symmetrical
|
||
mnemonic <==> number mappings, this is also necessary.
|
||
|
||
This ordering reflects the natural scoping of control, and hence the
|
||
order of the components in a domain name. Thus domain names would be
|
||
of the form:
|
||
|
||
<from-value>.<to-data-type>.<from-data-type>.<YP-origin>
|
||
|
||
To make this work, we need to define well-know strings for each of
|
||
these metavariables, as well as encoding rules for converting a
|
||
<from-value> into a domain name. We might define:
|
||
|
||
<YP-origin> :=YP
|
||
<from-data-type>:=TCP-port | IN-ADDR | Number |
|
||
Assigned-network-number | Name
|
||
<to-data-type> :=<from-data-type>
|
||
|
||
Note that "YP" is NOT a valid country code under [ISO 3166] (although
|
||
we may want to worry about the future), and the existence of a
|
||
syntactically valid <to-data-type>.<from-data-type> pair does not
|
||
imply that a meaningful mapping exists, or is even possible.
|
||
|
||
The encoding rules might be:
|
||
|
||
TCP-port Six character alphanumeric
|
||
|
||
IN-ADDR Reversed 4-octet decimal string
|
||
|
||
Number decimal integer
|
||
|
||
Assigned-network-number
|
||
Reversed 4-octet decimal string
|
||
|
||
Name Domain name
|
||
|
||
6. SPECIFICS FOR YP MAPPINGS
|
||
|
||
6.1. TCP-PORT
|
||
|
||
$origin Number.TCP-port.YP.
|
||
|
||
23 PTR TELNET.TCP-port.Number.YP.
|
||
25 PTR SMTP.TCP-port.Number.YP.
|
||
|
||
$origin TCP-port.Number.YP.
|
||
|
||
TELNET PTR 23.Number.TCP-port.YP.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Mockapetris [Page 10]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
|
||
|
||
|
||
SMTP PTR 25.Number.TCP-port.YP.
|
||
|
||
Thus the mapping between 23 and TELNET is represented by a pair of
|
||
PTR RRs, one for each direction of the mapping.
|
||
|
||
6.2. Assigned networks
|
||
|
||
Network numbers are assigned by the NIC and reported in "Internet
|
||
Numbers" RFCs. To create a YP, the NIC would set up two domains:
|
||
|
||
Name.Assigned-network-number.YP and Assigned-network-number.YP
|
||
|
||
The first would contain entries of the form:
|
||
|
||
$origin Name.Assigned-network-number.YP.
|
||
|
||
0.0.0.4 PTR SATNET.Assigned-network-number.Name.YP.
|
||
0.0.0.10 PTR ARPANET.Assigned-network-number.Name.YP.
|
||
|
||
The second would contain entries of the form:
|
||
|
||
$origin Assigned-network-number.Name.YP.
|
||
|
||
SATNET. PTR 0.0.0.4.Name.Assigned-network-number.YP.
|
||
ARPANET. PTR 0.0.0.10.Name.Assigned-network-number.YP.
|
||
|
||
These YPs are not in conflict with the network name support described
|
||
in the first half of this RFC since they map between ASSIGNED network
|
||
names and numbers, not those allocated by the organizations
|
||
themselves. That is, they document the NIC's decisions about
|
||
allocating network numbers but do not automatically track any
|
||
renaming performed by the new owners.
|
||
|
||
As a practical matter, we might want to create both of these domains
|
||
to enable users on the Internet to experiment with centrally
|
||
maintained support as well as the distributed version, or might want
|
||
to implement only the allocated number to name mapping and request
|
||
organizations to convert their allocated network names to the network
|
||
names described in the distributed model.
|
||
|
||
6.3. Operational improvements
|
||
|
||
We could imagine that all conversion routines using these YPs might
|
||
be instructed to use "YP.<local-domain>" followed by "YP." as a
|
||
search list. Thus, if the organization ISI.EDU wished to define
|
||
locally meaningful TCP-PORT, it would define the domains:
|
||
|
||
<TCP-port.Number.YP.ISI.EDU> and <Number.TCP-port.YP.ISI.EDU>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Mockapetris [Page 11]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
|
||
|
||
|
||
We could add another level of indirection in the YP lookup, defining
|
||
the <to-data-type>.<from-data-type>.<YP-origin> nodes to point to the
|
||
YP tree, rather than being the YP tree directly. This would enable
|
||
entries of the form:
|
||
|
||
IN-ADDR.Netname.YP. PTR IN-ADDR.ARPA.
|
||
|
||
to splice in YPs from other origins or existing spaces.
|
||
|
||
Another possibility would be to shorten the RDATA section of the RRs
|
||
which map back and forth by deleting the origin. This could be done
|
||
either by allowing the domain name in the RDATA portion to not
|
||
identify a real domain name, or by defining a new RR which used a
|
||
simple text string rather than a domain name.
|
||
|
||
Thus, we might replace
|
||
|
||
$origin Assigned-network-number.Name.YP.
|
||
|
||
SATNET. PTR 0.0.0.4.Name.Assigned-network-number.YP.
|
||
ARPANET. PTR 0.0.0.10.Name.Assigned-network-number.YP.
|
||
|
||
with
|
||
|
||
$origin Assigned-network-number.Name.YP.
|
||
|
||
SATNET. PTR 0.0.0.4.
|
||
ARPANET. PTR 0.0.0.10.
|
||
|
||
or
|
||
|
||
$origin Assigned-network-number.Name.YP.
|
||
|
||
SATNET. PTT "0.0.0.4"
|
||
ARPANET. PTT "0.0.0.10"
|
||
|
||
where PTT is a new type whose RDATA section is a text string.
|
||
|
||
7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
|
||
|
||
Drew Perkins, Mark Lottor, and Rob Austein contributed several of the
|
||
ideas in this RFC. Numerous contributions, criticisms, and
|
||
compromises were produced in the IETF Domain working group and the
|
||
NAMEDROPPERS mailing list.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Mockapetris [Page 12]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
|
||
|
||
|
||
8. REFERENCES
|
||
|
||
[HR] Braden, B., editor, "Requirements for Internet Hosts",
|
||
RFC in preparation.
|
||
|
||
[ISO 3166] ISO, "Codes for the Representation of Names of
|
||
Countries", 1981.
|
||
|
||
[RFC 882] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - Concepts and
|
||
Facilities", RFC 882, USC/Information Sciences Institute,
|
||
November 1983.
|
||
|
||
Superseded by RFC 1034.
|
||
|
||
[RFC 883] Mockapetris, P.,"Domain names - Implementation and
|
||
Specification", RFC 883, USC/Information Sciences
|
||
Institute, November 1983.
|
||
|
||
Superceeded by RFC 1035.
|
||
|
||
[RFC 920] Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Domain Requirements", RFC
|
||
920, October 1984.
|
||
|
||
Explains the naming scheme for top level domains.
|
||
|
||
[RFC 952] Harrenstien, K., M. Stahl, and E. Feinler, "DoD Internet
|
||
Host Table Specification", RFC 952, SRI, October 1985.
|
||
|
||
Specifies the format of HOSTS.TXT, the host/address table
|
||
replaced by the DNS
|
||
|
||
[RFC 973] Mockapetris, P., "Domain System Changes and
|
||
Observations", RFC 973, USC/Information Sciences
|
||
Institute, January 1986.
|
||
|
||
Describes changes to RFCs 882 and 883 and reasons for
|
||
them.
|
||
|
||
[RFC 974] Partridge, C., "Mail routing and the domain system", RFC
|
||
974, CSNET CIC BBN Labs, January 1986.
|
||
|
||
Describes the transition from HOSTS.TXT based mail
|
||
addressing to the more powerful MX system used with the
|
||
domain system.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Mockapetris [Page 13]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1101 DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types April 1989
|
||
|
||
|
||
[RFC 997] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Internet Numbers", RFC 997,
|
||
USC/Information Sciences Institute, March 1987
|
||
|
||
Contains network numbers, autonomous system numbers, etc.
|
||
|
||
[RFC 1010] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", RFC
|
||
1010, USC/Information Sciences Institute, May 1987
|
||
|
||
Contains socket numbers and mnemonics for host names,
|
||
operating systems, etc.
|
||
|
||
|
||
[RFC 1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - Concepts and
|
||
Facilities", RFC 1034, USC/Information Sciences
|
||
Institute, November 1987.
|
||
|
||
Introduction/overview of the DNS.
|
||
|
||
[RFC 1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - Implementation and
|
||
Specification", RFC 1035, USC/Information Sciences
|
||
Institute, November 1987.
|
||
|
||
DNS implementation instructions.
|
||
|
||
Author's Address:
|
||
|
||
Paul Mockapetris
|
||
USC/Information Sciences Institute
|
||
4676 Admiralty Way
|
||
Marina del Rey, CA 90292
|
||
|
||
Phone: (213) 822-1511
|
||
|
||
Email: PVM@ISI.EDU
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Mockapetris [Page 14]
|
||
|