299 lines
7.7 KiB
Groff
299 lines
7.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
|
|
.\" All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" from: @(#)route.8 6.11 (Berkeley) 3/16/91
|
|
.\" $Id: route.8,v 1.4 1993/08/01 07:38:18 mycroft Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd March 16, 1991
|
|
.Dt ROUTE 8
|
|
.Os BSD 4.2
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm route
|
|
.Nd manually manipulate the routing tables (Interim)
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm route
|
|
.Op Fl n
|
|
.Op Fl q
|
|
.Op Fl v
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.Op Ar modifiers
|
|
.Ar args
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
.Nm Route
|
|
is a program used to manually manipulate the network
|
|
routing tables. It normally is not needed, as the
|
|
system routing table management daemon,
|
|
.Xr routed 8 ,
|
|
should tend to this task.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Options supported by
|
|
.Nm route :
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
Prevent attempts to print host and network names symbolically
|
|
when reporting actions.
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
(verbose) Print additional details.
|
|
.It Fl q
|
|
Suppress all output.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Commands accepted by
|
|
.Nm route :
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
|
.It Cm add
|
|
Add a route.
|
|
.It Cm flush
|
|
Remove all routes.
|
|
.It Cm delete
|
|
Delete a specific route.
|
|
.It Cm change
|
|
Change aspects of a route (such as its gateway).
|
|
.It Cm get
|
|
Lookup and display the route for a destination.
|
|
.It Cm monitor
|
|
Continuously report any changes to the routing information base,
|
|
routing lookup misses, or suspected network partionings.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The monitor command has the syntax
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Nm route Op Fl n
|
|
.Cm monitor
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The flush command has the syntax
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Nm route Op Fl n
|
|
.Cm flush
|
|
.Op Ar family
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Where the address family may be specified by any of the
|
|
.Fl osi ,
|
|
.Fl xns ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl inet
|
|
keywords.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The other commands have the following syntax:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -filled -offset indent -compact
|
|
.Nm route Op Fl n
|
|
.Ar command
|
|
.Op Fl net No \&| Fl host
|
|
.Ar destination gateway
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar destination
|
|
is the destination host or network,
|
|
.Ar gateway
|
|
is the next-hop gateway to which packets should be addressed.
|
|
Routes to a particular host are distinguished from those to
|
|
a network by interpreting the Internet address associated with
|
|
.Ar destination .
|
|
The optional keywords
|
|
.Fl net
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl host
|
|
force the destination to be interpreted as a network or a host, respectively.
|
|
Otherwise, if the
|
|
.Ar destination
|
|
has a ``local address part'' of
|
|
INADDR_ANY ,
|
|
or if the
|
|
.Ar destination
|
|
is the symbolic name of a network, then the route is
|
|
assumed to be to a network; otherwise, it is presumed to be a
|
|
route to a host.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For example,
|
|
.Li 128.32
|
|
is interpreted as
|
|
.Fl host Li 128.0.0.32 ;
|
|
.Li 128.32.130
|
|
is interpreted as
|
|
.Fl host Li 128.32.0.130 ;
|
|
.Fl net Li 128.32
|
|
is interpreted as
|
|
.Li 128.32.0.0;
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl net Li 128.32.130
|
|
is interpreted as
|
|
.Li 128.32.130.0 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the route is via an interface rather than
|
|
via a gateway, the
|
|
.Fl interface
|
|
modifier should be specified;
|
|
the gateway given is the address of this host on the common network,
|
|
indicating the interface to be used for transmission.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The optional modifiers
|
|
.Fl xns ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl osi
|
|
specify that all subsequent addresses are in the
|
|
.Tn XNS
|
|
or
|
|
.Tn OSI
|
|
address families,
|
|
and the names must be numeric specifications rather than
|
|
symbolic names.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The optional
|
|
.Fl netmask
|
|
qualifier is intended
|
|
to achieve the effect of an
|
|
.Tn OSI
|
|
.Tn ESIS
|
|
redirect with the netmask option.
|
|
One specifies an additional ensuing address parameter
|
|
(to be interpreted as a network mask).
|
|
The implicit network mask generated in the inet case
|
|
can be overridden by making sure this option follows the destination parameter.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The optional modifiers
|
|
.Fl rtt ,
|
|
.Fl rttvar ,
|
|
.Fl sendpipe ,
|
|
.Fl recvpipe ,
|
|
.Fl mtu ,
|
|
.Fl hopcount ,
|
|
.Fl expire ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl ssthresh
|
|
provide initial values to metrics maintained in the routing entry.
|
|
These may be individually locked by preceding each such modifier to
|
|
be locked by
|
|
the
|
|
.Fl lock
|
|
meta-modifier, or one can
|
|
specify that all ensuing metrics may be locked by the
|
|
.Fl lockrest
|
|
meta-modifier.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In a
|
|
.Cm change
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm add
|
|
command where the destination and gateway are not sufficient to specify
|
|
the route (as in the
|
|
.Tn ISO
|
|
case where several interfaces may have the
|
|
same address), the
|
|
.Fl ifp
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl ifa
|
|
modifiers may be used to determine the interface or interface address.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
All symbolic names specified for a
|
|
.Ar destination
|
|
or
|
|
.Ar gateway
|
|
are looked up first as a host name using
|
|
.Xr gethostbyname 3 .
|
|
If this lookup fails,
|
|
.Xr getnetbyname 3
|
|
is then used to interpret the name as that of a network.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm Route
|
|
uses a routing socket and the new message types
|
|
RTM_ADD,
|
|
RTM_DELETE,
|
|
RTM_GET,
|
|
and
|
|
RTM_CHANGE.
|
|
As such, only the super-user may modify
|
|
the routing tables.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Cm flush
|
|
command is specified,
|
|
.Nm route
|
|
will ``flush'' the routing tables of all gateway entries.
|
|
One can choose to flush only those routes whose destinations
|
|
are of a given address family, by specifying an optional keyword
|
|
describing which address family.
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Sy "add [host \&| network ] %s: gateway %s flags %x"
|
|
The specified route is being added to the tables. The
|
|
values printed are from the routing table entry supplied
|
|
in the
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2
|
|
call.
|
|
If the gateway address used was not the primary address of the gateway
|
|
(the first one returned by
|
|
.Xr gethostbyname 3 ) ,
|
|
the gateway address is printed numerically as well as symbolically.
|
|
.It Sy "delete [ host &| network ] %s: gateway %s flags %x"
|
|
As above, but when deleting an entry.
|
|
.It Sy "%s %s done"
|
|
When the
|
|
.Cm flush
|
|
command is specified, each routing table entry deleted
|
|
is indicated with a message of this form.
|
|
.It Sy "Network is unreachable"
|
|
An attempt to add a route failed because the gateway listed was not
|
|
on a directly-connected network.
|
|
The next-hop gateway must be given.
|
|
.It Sy "not in table"
|
|
A delete operation was attempted for an entry which
|
|
wasn't present in the tables.
|
|
.It Sy "routing table overflow"
|
|
An add operation was attempted, but the system was
|
|
low on resources and was unable to allocate memory
|
|
to create the new entry.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
.Xr route 4 ,
|
|
.Xr esis 4 ,
|
|
.Xr routed 8 ,
|
|
.Xr XNSrouted 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
The first paragraph may have slightly exaggerated
|
|
.Xr routed Ns 's
|
|
abilities.
|