338 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
338 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.18 1999/01/13 07:30:08 ross Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.
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Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have
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this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
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.Pp
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There are several ways to install NetBSD onto a disk. The easiest way
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in terms of preliminary setup is to use the NetBSD miniroot that can
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be booted off your local disk's swap partition. Alternatively, if your
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Sparcstation is hooked up in a network you can find a server and arrange
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for a diskless setup which is a convenient way to install on a machine
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whose disk does not currently hold a usable operating system (see the
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section `Installing NetBSD by using a diskless setup' below).
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.
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.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using the NetBSD miniroot.
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.
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The miniroot is a self-contained NetBSD filesystem holding all utilities
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necessary to install NetBSD on a local disk. It is distributed as a plain
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file designed to be transferred to a raw disk partition from which it can
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be booted using the appropriate PROM command. Usually, the miniroot will
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be loaded into the swap partition of a disk. If needed, you can use any
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other unused partition, but remember that the partition will then not
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available during the installation process.
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.Pp
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Loading the miniroot onto your raw partition is simple. On NetBSD as well
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as SunOS you use a command like:
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.Dl # Ic dd if=miniroot-\*V.fs of=/dev/rsd0b bs=20b conv=sync
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(Here, `/dev/rsd0b' is assumed to be your swap partition.) There's a
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potential problem here if /dev/rsd0b is actually in use as a swap
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partition by your currently running system. If you don't have another
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disk or partition to spare, you can usually get away with running this
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command anyway after first booting into single-user mode to ensure a
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quiet system.
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.Pp
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After transferring the miniroot to disk, bring the system down by:
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.Dl # Ic halt
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.Pp
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Then boot the miniroot by typing the appropriate command at the PROM:
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.Dl \*> Ic "b sd(,,1)netbsd -s # for sun4 monitors
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.Dl ok Ic "boot sd(,,1)netbsd -s # for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs
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.Dl ok Ic "boot disk:b netbsd -s # for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs
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.Pp
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If you've loaded the miniroot onto some other disk than `sd0' adapt
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the boot specifier accordingly, e.g.:
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.Dl ok Ic boot disk1:b netbsd -s
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to boot from SCSI disk target 1 from a version 2 OpenBOOT ROM.
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If you have to use the old-style
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.Ic sd( Ns Ar c,u,p Ns Ic \&)
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syntax to boot from a
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SCSI disk, you can calculate the parameters as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width xcc
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. It Ar c
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specifies the controller number
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. It Ar u
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the hexadecimal number obtained from evaluating
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the expression `(8 * TARGET) + LUN'
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. It Ar p
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the partition number from which to boot (0=`a', 1=`b', etc).
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.El
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.Pp
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The monitor boot command will cause the NetBSD kernel contained in the
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miniroot image to be booted. After the initial probe messages you'll be
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asked to start the install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section
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.Sx Running the installation scripts
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below.
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.
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.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a diskless setup.
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.
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First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. If
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you are using a NetBSD system as the boot-server, have a look at the
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.Xr diskless 8
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manual page for guidelines on how to proceed with this.
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If the server runs another operating system, you'll have to consult
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documentation that came with it. (On SunOS systems, add_client(8) is a
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good start.)
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.Pp
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Your Sparcstation expects to be able to download a second stage bootstrap
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program via TFTP after having acquired its IP address through RevARP when
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instructed to boot "over the net". It will look for a filename composed of
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the machine's IP address followed by the machine's architecture, separated
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by a period. For example, a sun4c machine which has been assigned IP
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address 130.115.144.11, will make an TFTP request for `8273900B.SUN4C'.
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Normally, this file is a symbolic link to an appropriate second-stage
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boot program, which should be located in a place where the TFTP daemon
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can find it (remember, many TFTP daemons run in a chroot'ed environment).
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You can find the boot program in
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.Pa /usr/mdec/boot.net
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in the NetBSD/sparc distribution.
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.(Note
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The only difference between
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.Pa /usr/mdec/boot.net No and Pa /usr/mdec/boot
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is in the a.out header, which has been magically
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transformed in a way that makes it usable on all versions of Sparc PROMs.
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.Note)
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.Pp
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After the boot program has been loaded into memory and given control by
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the PROM, it starts locating the machine's remote root directory through
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the BOOTPARAM protocol. First a BOOTPARAM WHOAMI request is broadcast
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on the local net. The answer to this request (if it comes in) contains
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the client's name. This name is used in next step, a BOOTPARAM GETFILE
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request -- sent to the server that responded to the WHOAMI request --
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requesting the name and address of the machine that will serve the client's
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root directory, as well as the path of the client's root on that server.
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.Pp
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Finally, this information (if it comes in) is used to issue a REMOTE MOUNT
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request to the client's root filesystem server, asking for an NFS file
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handle corresponding to the root filesystem. If successful, the boot
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program starts reading from the remote root filesystem in search of the
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kernel which is then read into memory.
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.Pp
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As noted above in the section
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.Pa Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation
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you have several options when choosing a location to store the installation
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filesets. However, the easiest way is to put the
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.Pa *.tar.gz
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files you want
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to install into the root directory for your client on the server.
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.Pp
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Next, unpack `base.tar.gz' and `etc.tar.gz' on the server in the root
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directory for your machine. If you elect to use a separately NFS-mounted
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filesystem for `/usr' with your diskless setup, make sure the "./usr" base
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files in base.tar.gz end up in the correct location. One way to do this is
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to temporarily use a loopback mount on the server, re-routing
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.Ar root Ns Pa /usr
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to your server's exported NetBSD
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.Pa /usr
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directory. Also put the kernel and the
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install/upgrade scripts into the root directory.
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.Pp
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A few configuration files need to be edited:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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. It Ar root Ns Pa /etc/hosts
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Add the IP addresses of both server and client.
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. It Ar root Ns Pa /etc/myname
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This files contains the client's hostname; use the same
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name as in \*<root\*>/etc/hosts.
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. It Ar root Ns Pa /etc/fstab
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Enter the entries for the remotely mounted filesystems.
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For example:
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.Dl server:/export/root/client / nfs rw 0 0
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.Dl server:/export/exec/sun4.netbsd /usr nfs rw 0 0
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.El
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.Pp
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Now you must populate the the `/dev' directory for your client. If yoarserver
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runs SunOS 4.x, you can simply change your working directory to
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.Ar root Ns Pa /dev
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and run the MAKEDEV script:
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.Ic sh MAKEDEV all .
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.Pp
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On SunOS 5.x systems, MAKEDEV can also be used, but there'll be error
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messages about unknown user and groups. These errors are inconsequential
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for the purpose of installing NetBSD. However, you may want to correct them
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if you plan to use the diskless setup regularly. In that case, you may re-run
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MAKEDEV on your NetBSD machine once it has booted.
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.Pp
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Boot your workstation from the server by entering the appropriate `boot'
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command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the PROM version in your machine,
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this command takes one of the following forms:
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.Dl "\*> b le()netbsd -s # for sun4 monitors
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.Dl "ok boot le()netbsd -s # for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs
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.Dl "ok boot net netbsd -s # for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs
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.Pp
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This will boot the NetBSD kernel in single-user mode.
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.(Note
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The latter two examples assume you operate the OpenBOOT ROM in
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"new command mode". If your machine comes up and gives you a `\*>' prompt
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instead of `ok', type:
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.Dl "\*>n # enter native OpenBOOT mode
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.Dl "ok setenv sunmon-compat? false # make it permanent
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.Dl "ok
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.Note)
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.Pp
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If you use a diskless setup with a separately NFS-mounted /usr filesystem,
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mount
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.Pa /usr
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by hand now:
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.Dl netbsd# Ic mount /usr
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.Pp
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At this point, it's worth checking the disk label and partition sizes on
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the disk you want to install NetBSD onto. NetBSD understands SunOS-style
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disklabels, so if your disk was previously used by SunOS there will be
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a usable label on it. Use `disklabel -e \*<disk\*>' (where \*<disk\*> is the
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device name assigned by the NetBSD kernel, e.g. `sd0') to view and
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modify the partition sizes. See the section
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.Sx Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation
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above for suggestions about disk partition sizes.
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.Pp
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If you are installing on a SCSI disk that does
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.Em not
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have a SunOS or
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NetBSD label on it, you may still be able to use disklabel(8) but you'll
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have to create all partitions from scratch. If your disk is listed in
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`/etc/disktab', you may use the entry (which in most cases only defines
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a `c' partition to describe the whole disk) to put an initial label on
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the disk. Then proceed with `disklabel -e \*<disk\*>' to create a partition
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layout that suits your needs.
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.(Note
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Because of the built-in compatibility with SunOS-style labels,
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.Em Always make sure all your partitions
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.Em start and end on cylinder boundaries.
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.Note)
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.Pp
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Here follows an example of what you'll see while in the dislabel editor.
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Do not touch any of the parameters except for the `label: ' entry and
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the actual partition size information at the bottom (the lines starting
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with `a:', `b:', ...).
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.Pp
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The size and offset fields are given in sector units. Be sure to make
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these numbers multiples of the of the number of sectors per cylinder:
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the kernel might be picky about these things, but aside from this you'll
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have the least chance of wasting disk space.
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Partitions on which you intend to have a mountable filesystem, should
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be given fstype `4.2BSD'. Remember, the `c' partition should describe
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the whole disk.
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The `(Cyl. x - y)' info that appears after the hash (`#') character is
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treated as a comment and need not be filled in when altering partitions.
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.(Note
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The line containing `8 partitions:' is best left alone,
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even if you define less then eight partitions. If this line displays
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a different number and the program complains about it (after you leave
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the editor), then try setting it to `8 partitions:'.
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.Note)
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.Ss2 Sample Disklabel Screen
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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netbsd# disklabel sd2
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# /dev/rsd2c:
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type: SCSI
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disk: SCSI disk
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label: Hold Your Breath
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flags:
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bytes/sector: 512
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sectors/track: 64
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tracks/cylinder: 7
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sectors/cylinder: 448
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cylinders: 1429
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rpm: 3600
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interleave: 1
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trackskew: 0
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cylinderskew: 0
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headswitch: 0 # milliseconds
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track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds
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drivedata: 0
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8 partitions:
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# size offset fstype [fsz bsz cpg]
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a: 50176 0 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 111)
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b: 64512 50176 swap # (Cyl. 112 - 255)
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c: 640192 0 unknown # (Cyl. 0 - 1428)
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d: 525504 114688 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 256 - 1428)
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.Ed
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.Pp
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If you are upgrading a NetBSD installation, start the upgrade script:
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.Dl netbsd# Ic sh upgrade.sh
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else, start the installation script:
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.Dl netbsd# Ic sh install.sh
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.
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.Ss2 Running the installation scripts.
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.
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The installation scripts will do most of the work of transferring the
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system from the distribution sets onto your disk. You will frequently be
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asked for confirmation before the script proceeds with each phase of the
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installation process.
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.Pp
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Occasionally, you will have to provide a piece of information such as the
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name of the disk you want to install on or IP addresses and domain names
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you want to assign. If your system has more than one disk, you may want
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to look at the output of the dmesg(8) command to see how your disks
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have been identified by the kernel.
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.Pp
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The installation script goes through the following phases:
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.Bl -bullet -compact
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. It
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determination of the disk to install NetBSD on
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. It
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checking of the partition information on the disk
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. It
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creating and mounting the NetBSD filesystems
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. It
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setup of IP configuration
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. It
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extraction of the distribution tar files
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. It
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installation of boot programs
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.El
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.Pp
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Now try a reboot. Initially I'd suggest you "boot sd()netbsd -bs", then
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try multiuser after that. If you boot single-user the NetBSD incantation
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to make the root filesystem writable is
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.Dl netbsd# Ic mount -u /dev/sd0a /
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The Sun monitor might have been setup to instruct the boot program to load
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a file called "vmunix". On OpenBOOT ROM systems you can change it to load
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"netbsd" instead using the following commands:
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.Pp
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On version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs:
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.Dl \*>n
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.Dl ok Ic setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
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.Dl ok
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.Pp
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On version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs:
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.Dl ok Ic setenv boot-file netbsd
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.Dl ok Ic setenv boot-device /sbus/esp/sd@0,0
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.Pp
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.Em Congratulations ,
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you have successfully installed NetBSD \*V.
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