269 lines
6.7 KiB
Groff
269 lines
6.7 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: chpass.1,v 1.22 2005/09/05 03:37:15 hubertf Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)chpass.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
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.\"
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.Dd September 4, 2005
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.Dt CHPASS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm chpass ,
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.Nm chfn ,
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.Nm chsh
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.Nd add or change user database information
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl a Ar list
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.Op Fl s Ar newshell
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.Op Fl l
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.Op user
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.Nm chpass
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.Op Fl a Ar list
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.Op Fl s Ar newshell
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.Op Fl y
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.Op user
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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allows editing of the user database information associated
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with
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.Ar user
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or, by default, the current user.
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The information is formatted and supplied to an editor for changes.
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.Pp
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Only the information that the user is allowed to change is displayed.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl a
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The super-user is allowed to directly supply a user database
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entry, in the format specified by
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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as an argument.
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This argument must be a colon
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.Pq Dq \&:
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separated list of all the
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user database fields, although they may be empty.
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.It Fl s
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The
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.Fl s
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option attempts to change the user's shell to
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.Ar newshell .
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.It Fl l
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This option causes the password to be updated only in the local
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password file.
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When changing only the local password,
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
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is used to update the password databases.
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.It Fl y
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This forces the YP password database entry to be changed, even if
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the user has an entry in the local database.
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The
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.Xr rpc.yppasswdd 8
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daemon should be running on the YP master server.
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.El
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.Pp
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Possible display items are as follows:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "Home Directory:" -compact -offset indent
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.It Login :
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user's login name
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.It Password :
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user's encrypted password
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.It Uid :
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user's login
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.It Gid :
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user's login group
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.It Change :
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password change time
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.It Expire :
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account expiration time
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.It Class :
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user's general classification
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.It Home Directory :
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user's home directory
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.It Shell :
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user's login shell
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.It Full Name :
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user's real name
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.It Location :
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user's normal location
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.It Home Phone :
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user's home phone
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.It Office Phone :
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user's office phone
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar login
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field is the user name used to access the computer account.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar password
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field contains the encrypted form of the user's password.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar uid
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field is the number associated with the
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.Ar login
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field.
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Both of these fields should be unique across the system (and often
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across a group of systems) as they control file access.
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.Pp
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While it is possible to have multiple entries with identical login names
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and/or identical user id's, it is usually a mistake to do so.
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Routines
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that manipulate these files will often return only one of the multiple
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entries, and that one by random selection.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar group
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field is the group that the user will be placed in at login.
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Since
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.Bx
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supports multiple groups (see
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.Xr groups 1 )
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this field currently has little special meaning.
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This field may be filled in with either a number or a group name (see
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.Xr group 5 ) .
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar change
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field is the date by which the password must be changed.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar expire
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field is the date on which the account expires.
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.Pp
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Both the
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.Ar change
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and
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.Ar expire
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fields should be entered in the form
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.Dq month day year
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where
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.Ar month
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is the month name (the first three characters are sufficient),
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.Ar day
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is the day of the month, and
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.Ar year
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is the year.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar class
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field is a key for a user's login class.
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Login classes are defined in
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.Xr login.conf 5 ,
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which is a
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.Xr termcap 5
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style database of user attributes, accounting, resource and
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environment settings.
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.Pp
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The user's
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.Ar home directory
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is the full
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.Ux
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path name where the user will be placed at login.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar shell
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field is the command interpreter the user prefers.
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If the
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.Ar shell
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field is empty, the Bourne shell,
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.Pa /bin/sh ,
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is assumed.
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When altering a login shell, and not the super-user, the user
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may not change from a non-standard shell or to a non-standard
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shell.
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Non-standard is defined as a shell not found in
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.Pa /etc/shells .
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.Pp
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The last four fields are for storing the user's
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.Ar full name , office location ,
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and
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.Ar home
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and
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.Ar work telephone
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numbers.
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.Pp
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Once the information has been verified,
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.Nm
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uses
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
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to update the user database.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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The
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.Xr vi 1
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editor will be used unless the environment variable
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.Ev EDITOR
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is set to an alternative editor.
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When the editor terminates, the information is re-read and used to
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update the user database itself.
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Only the user, or the super-user, may edit the information associated
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with the user.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact
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.It Pa /etc/master.passwd
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The user database
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.It Pa /etc/passwd
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A Version 7 format password file
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.It Pa /etc/ptmp
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Lock file for the passwd database
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.It Pa /etc/pw.XXXXXX
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Temporary copy of the user passwd information
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.It Pa /etc/shells
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The list of approved shells
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr finger 1 ,
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.Xr login 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1 ,
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.Xr pwhash 1 ,
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.Xr getusershell 3 ,
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.Xr passwd 5 ,
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.Xr passwd.conf 5 ,
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.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
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.Xr vipw 8
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.Rs
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.%A Robert Morris
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.%A Ken Thompson
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.%T "UNIX Password Security"
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.Re
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 Reno .
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.Sh BUGS
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This program's interface is poorly suited to cryptographic systems such as
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Kerberos, and consequently Kerberos password changing is not a feature of
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this program.
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.Pp
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User information should (and eventually will) be stored elsewhere.
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