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memory access a mapping was caused by. This is passed through from uvm_fault() and udv_fault(), and in most other cases is 0. The pmap module may use this to preset R/M information. On MMUs which require R/M emulation, the implementation may preset the bits and avoid taking another fault. On MMUs which keep R/M information in hardware, the implementation may preset its cached bits to speed up the next call to pmap_is_modified() or pmap_is_referenced().