389 lines
14 KiB
Groff
389 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: nslookup.8,v 1.1 1996/02/02 15:27:51 mrg Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" ++Copyright++ 1985, 1989
|
|
.\" -
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1989
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\" -
|
|
.\" Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
|
|
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
|
|
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
|
|
.\" the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
|
|
.\" publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
|
|
.\" specific, written prior permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
|
|
.\" WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
|
|
.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
|
|
.\" CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
|
|
.\" PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
|
|
.\" ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
|
|
.\" SOFTWARE.
|
|
.\" -
|
|
.\" --Copyright--
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)nslookup.8 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
|
|
.\"
|
|
.TH NSLOOKUP 8 "June 24, 1990"
|
|
.UC 6
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
nslookup \- query Internet name servers interactively
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
.B nslookup
|
|
[
|
|
.I \-option ...
|
|
]
|
|
[
|
|
.I host-to-find
|
|
| \- [
|
|
.I server
|
|
]]
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
.I Nslookup
|
|
is a program to query Internet domain name servers.
|
|
Nslookup has two modes: interactive and non-interactive.
|
|
Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for
|
|
information about various hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts
|
|
in a domain.
|
|
Non-interactive mode is used to print just the name and requested information
|
|
for a host or domain.
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.SH ARGUMENTS
|
|
Interactive mode is entered in the following cases:
|
|
.IP a) 4
|
|
when no arguments are given (the default name server will be used),
|
|
.IP b) 4
|
|
when the first argument is a hyphen (\-) and the second argument
|
|
is the host name or Internet address of a name server.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address
|
|
of the host to be looked up
|
|
is given as the first argument. The optional second argument specifies
|
|
the host name or address of a name server.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The options listed under the ``set'' command below can be specified in
|
|
the .nslookuprc file in the user's home directory if they are listed
|
|
one per line. Options can also be specified
|
|
on the command line if they precede the arguments and are prefixed with
|
|
a hyphen. For example, to change the default query type to host information,
|
|
and the initial timeout to 10 seconds, type:
|
|
.sp .5v
|
|
nslookup \-query=hinfo \-timeout=10
|
|
.sp .5v
|
|
.SH "INTERACTIVE COMMANDS"
|
|
Commands may be interrupted at any time by typing a control-C.
|
|
To exit, type a control-D (EOF) or type exit.
|
|
The command line length must be less than 256 characters.
|
|
To treat a built-in command as a host name,
|
|
precede it with an escape character (\e).
|
|
\fBN.B.\fP an unrecognized command will be interpreted as a host name.
|
|
.sp .5v
|
|
.IP "\fIhost\fP [\fIserver\fP]"
|
|
Look up information for \fIhost\fP using the current default server
|
|
or using \fIserver\fP if specified.
|
|
If \fIhost\fP is an Internet address and the query type is A or PTR, the
|
|
name of the host is returned.
|
|
If \fIhost\fP is a name and does not have a trailing period, the default
|
|
domain name is appended to the name. (This behavior depends on the state of the
|
|
\fBset\fP options \fBdomain\fP, \fBsrchlist\fP,
|
|
\fBdefname\fP, and \fBsearch\fP).
|
|
To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to
|
|
the name.
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.IP "\fBserver\fP \fIdomain\fP"
|
|
.ns
|
|
.IP "\fBlserver\fP \fIdomain\fP"
|
|
Change the default server to \fIdomain\fP.
|
|
\fBLserver\fP uses the initial server to look up
|
|
information about \fIdomain\fP while \fBserver\fP
|
|
uses the current default server.
|
|
If an authoritative answer can't be found, the names of servers
|
|
that might have the answer are returned.
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.IP \fBroot\fP
|
|
Changes the default server to the server for the root of the domain name space.
|
|
Currently, the host ns.internic.net is used.
|
|
(This command is a synonym for \fBlserver ns.internic.net.\fP)
|
|
The name of the root server can be changed with the \fBset root\fP command.
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.IP "\fBfinger\fP [\fIname\fP] [\fB>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
|
|
.ns
|
|
.IP "\fBfinger\fP [\fIname\fP] [\fB>>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
|
|
Connects with the finger server on the current host.
|
|
The current host is defined when a previous lookup for a host
|
|
was successful and returned address information (see the
|
|
\fBset querytype=A\fP command).
|
|
\fIName\fP is optional.
|
|
\fB>\fP and \fB>>\fP can be used to redirect output in the
|
|
usual manner.
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.IP "\fBls\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIdomain\fR [\fB>\fR \fIfilename\fR]"
|
|
.ns
|
|
.IP "\fBls\fR [\fIoption\fR] \fIdomain\fR [\fB>>\fR \fIfilename\fR]"
|
|
List the information available for \fIdomain\fP, optionally creating
|
|
or appending to \fIfilename\fP.
|
|
The default output contains host names and their Internet addresses.
|
|
.I Option
|
|
can be one of the following:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.IP "\fB\-t \fIquerytype\fP" 4
|
|
lists all records of the specified type (see \fIquerytype\fP below).
|
|
.IP \fB\-a\fP 4
|
|
lists aliases of hosts in the domain.
|
|
synonym for \fB\-t\ \ CNAME\fP.
|
|
.IP \fB\-d\fP 4
|
|
lists all records for the domain.
|
|
synonym for \fB\-t\ \ ANY\fP.
|
|
.IP \fB\-h\fP 4
|
|
lists CPU and operating system information for the domain.
|
|
synonym for \fB\-t\ \ HINFO\fP.
|
|
.IP \fB\-s\fP 4
|
|
lists well-known services of hosts in the domain.
|
|
synonym for \fB\-t\ \ WKS\fP.
|
|
.P
|
|
When output is directed to a file, hash marks are printed for every
|
|
50 records received from the server.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.IP "\fBview\fP \fIfilename\fP"
|
|
Sorts and lists the output of previous \fBls\fP command(s) with
|
|
\fImore\fP(1).
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.ne 4
|
|
.IP "\fBhelp\fP"
|
|
.ns
|
|
.IP "\fB?\fP"
|
|
Prints a brief summary of commands.
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.IP "\fBexit\fP"
|
|
Exits the program.
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.IP "\fBset\fP \fIkeyword\fP[=\fIvalue\fP]"
|
|
This command is used to change state information that affects the lookups.
|
|
Valid keywords are:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.IP "\fBall\fP"
|
|
Prints the current values of the frequently-used options to \fBset\fP.
|
|
Information about the current default server and host is also printed.
|
|
.IP "\fBclass=\fIvalue\fR"
|
|
Change the query class to one of:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.IP IN 10
|
|
the Internet class.
|
|
.IP CHAOS 10
|
|
the Chaos class.
|
|
.IP HESIOD 10
|
|
the MIT Athena Hesiod class.
|
|
.IP ANY 10
|
|
wildcard (any of the above).
|
|
.P
|
|
The class specifies the protocol group of the information.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = IN, abbreviation = cl)
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP "\fB[no]debug\fP"
|
|
Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is printed about the
|
|
packet sent to the server and the resulting answer.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = nodebug, abbreviation = [no]deb)
|
|
.IP "\fB[no]d2\fP"
|
|
Turn exhaustive debugging mode on.
|
|
Essentially all fields of every packet are printed.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = nod2)
|
|
.IP "\fBdomain=\fIname\fR"
|
|
Change the default domain name to \fIname\fP.
|
|
The default domain name is appended to a lookup request depending on the
|
|
state of the \fBdefname\fP and \fBsearch\fP options.
|
|
The domain search list contains the parents of the default domain if it has
|
|
at least two components in its name.
|
|
For example, if the default domain
|
|
is CC.Berkeley.EDU, the search list is CC.Berkeley.EDU and Berkeley.EDU.
|
|
Use the \fBset srchlist\fP command to specify a different list.
|
|
Use the \fBset all\fP command to display the list.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = value from hostname, /etc/resolv.conf or LOCALDOMAIN,
|
|
abbreviation = do)
|
|
.IP "\fBsrchlist=\fIname1/name2/...\fR"
|
|
Change the default domain name to \fIname1\fP and the domain search list
|
|
to \fIname1\fP, \fIname2\fP, etc. A maximum of 6 names separated by slashes (/)
|
|
can be specified.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.sp .5v
|
|
set\ srchlist=lcs.MIT.EDU/ai.MIT.EDU/MIT.EDU
|
|
.sp .5v
|
|
sets the domain to lcs.MIT.EDU and the search list to the three names.
|
|
This command overrides the
|
|
default domain name and search list of the \fBset domain\fP command.
|
|
Use the \fBset all\fP command to display the list.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = value based on hostname, /etc/resolv.conf or LOCALDOMAIN,
|
|
abbreviation = srchl)
|
|
.IP "\fB[no]defname\fP"
|
|
If set, append the default domain name to a single-component lookup request
|
|
(i.e., one that does not contain a period).
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = defname, abbreviation = [no]def)
|
|
.IP "\fB[no]search\fP"
|
|
If the lookup request contains at least one period but doesn't end
|
|
with a trailing period,
|
|
append the domain names in the domain search list
|
|
to the request until an answer is received.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = search, abbreviation = [no]sea)
|
|
.IP "\fBport=\fIvalue\fR"
|
|
Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to \fIvalue\fP.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = 53, abbreviation = po)
|
|
.IP "\fBquerytype=\fIvalue\fR"
|
|
.ns
|
|
.IP "\fBtype=\fIvalue\fR"
|
|
.ns
|
|
Change the type of information query to one of:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.IP A 10
|
|
the host's Internet address.
|
|
.IP CNAME 10
|
|
the canonical name for an alias.
|
|
.IP HINFO 10
|
|
the host CPU and operating system type.
|
|
.IP MINFO 10
|
|
the mailbox or mail list information.
|
|
.IP MX 10
|
|
the mail exchanger.
|
|
.IP NS 10
|
|
the name server for the named zone.
|
|
.IP PTR 10
|
|
the host name if the query is an Internet address,
|
|
otherwise the pointer to other information.
|
|
.IP SOA 10
|
|
the domain's ``start-of-authority'' information.
|
|
.IP TXT 10
|
|
the text information.
|
|
.IP UINFO 10
|
|
the user information.
|
|
.IP WKS 10
|
|
the supported well-known services.
|
|
.P
|
|
Other types (ANY, AXFR, MB, MD, MF, NULL) are described in the
|
|
RFC-1035 document.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = A, abbreviations = q, ty)
|
|
.RE
|
|
.IP "\fB[no]recurse\fP"
|
|
Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the
|
|
information.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = recurse, abbreviation = [no]rec)
|
|
.IP \fBretry=\fInumber\fR
|
|
Set the number of retries to \fInumber\fP.
|
|
When a reply to a request is not received within a certain
|
|
amount of time (changed with \fBset timeout\fP),
|
|
the timeout period is doubled and the request is resent.
|
|
The retry value controls how many times a request is resent before giving up.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = 4, abbreviation = ret)
|
|
.IP \fBroot=\fIhost\fR
|
|
Change the name of the root server to \fIhost\fP. This
|
|
affects the \fBroot\fP command.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = ns.internic.net., abbreviation = ro)
|
|
.IP \fBtimeout=\fInumber\fR
|
|
Change the initial timeout interval
|
|
for waiting for a reply
|
|
to \fInumber\fP seconds.
|
|
Each retry doubles the timeout period.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = 5 seconds, abbreviation = ti)
|
|
.IP "\fB[no]vc\fP"
|
|
Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the server.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = novc, abbreviation = [no]v)
|
|
.IP "\fB[no]ignoretc\fP"
|
|
Ignore packet truncation errors.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Default = noignoretc, abbreviation = [no]ig)
|
|
.RE
|
|
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
If the lookup request was not successful, an error message is printed.
|
|
Possible errors are:
|
|
.IP "Timed out" 5
|
|
The server did not respond to a request after a certain amount of
|
|
time (changed with \fBset timeout=\fIvalue\fR)
|
|
and a certain number of retries (changed with \fBset retry=\fIvalue\fR).
|
|
.IP "No response from server" 5
|
|
No name server is running on the server machine.
|
|
.IP "No records" 5
|
|
The server does not have resource records of the current query type for the
|
|
host, although the host name is valid.
|
|
The query type is specified with the \fBset querytype\fP command.
|
|
.IP "Non-existent domain" 5
|
|
The host or domain name does not exist.
|
|
.IP "Connection refused" 5
|
|
.ns
|
|
.IP "Network is unreachable" 5
|
|
The connection to the name or finger server could not be made
|
|
at the current time.
|
|
This error commonly occurs with \fBls\fP and \fBfinger\fP requests.
|
|
.IP "Server failure" 5
|
|
The name server found an internal inconsistency in its database
|
|
and could not return a valid answer.
|
|
.IP "Refused" 5
|
|
The name server refused to service the request.
|
|
.IP "Format error" 5
|
|
The name server found that the request packet was not in the proper format.
|
|
It may indicate an error in \fInslookup\fP.
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
.ta \w'/usr/share/misc/nslookup.helpXXX'u
|
|
/etc/resolv.conf initial domain name and
|
|
name server addresses.
|
|
.br
|
|
$HOME/.nslookuprc user's initial options.
|
|
.br
|
|
/usr/share/misc/nslookup.help summary of commands.
|
|
.SH ENVIRONMENT
|
|
.ta \w'HOSTALIASESXXXX'u
|
|
HOSTALIASES file containing host aliases.
|
|
.br
|
|
LOCALDOMAIN overrides default domain.
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
resolver(3), resolver(5), named(8),
|
|
.br
|
|
RFC-1034 ``Domain Names \- Concepts and Facilities''
|
|
.br
|
|
RFC-1035 ``Domain Names \- Implementation and Specification''
|
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
Andrew Cherenson
|