733 lines
17 KiB
Groff
733 lines
17 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: installboot.8,v 1.43 2004/08/15 22:00:12 dsl Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2002-2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
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.\" by Luke Mewburn of Wasabi Systems.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd June 25, 2004
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.Dt INSTALLBOOT 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm installboot
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.Nd install disk bootstrap software
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.
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl nv
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl m Ar machine
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl o Ar options
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl t Ar fstype
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl b Ar s1bno
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl B Ar s2bno
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.Ek
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.Ar filesystem
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.Ar primary
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.Op Ar secondary
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.Nm
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.Fl c
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.Op Fl nv
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl m Ar machine
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl o Ar options
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.Ek
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl t Ar fstype
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.Ek
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.Ar filesystem
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.
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility installs and removes
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.Nx
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disk bootstrap software into a file system.
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.Nm
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can install
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.Ar primary
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into
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.Ar filesystem ,
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or disable an existing bootstrap in
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.Ar filesystem .
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.Pp
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Generally,
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.Nx
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disk bootstrap software consists of two parts: a
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.Dq primary
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bootstrap program usually written into the disklabel area of the
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file system by
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.Nm ,
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and a
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.Dq secondary
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bootstrap program that usually resides as an ordinary file in the file system.
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.Pp
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When booting, the primary bootstrap program is loaded and invoked by
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the machine's PROM or BIOS.
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After receiving control of the system it loads and runs the secondary
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bootstrap program, which in turn loads and runs the kernel.
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The secondary bootstrap may allow control over various boot parameters
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passed to the kernel.
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.Pp
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Perform the following steps to make a file system bootable:
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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Copy the secondary bootstrap (usually
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.Pa /usr/mdec/boot. Ns Sy MACHINE
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or
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.Pa /usr/mdec/boot )
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to the root directory of the target file system.
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.Pp
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.
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.It
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Use
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.Nm
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to install the primary bootstrap program
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(usually
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.Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ Ns Sy FSTYPE )
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into
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.Ar filesystem .
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.Pp
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The following platforms do not require this step if the primary bootstrap
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already exists and the secondary bootstrap file is just being updated:
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.Sy alpha ,
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.Sy amd64 ,
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.Sy amiga ,
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.Sy i386 ,
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.Sy pmax ,
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.Sy sparc64 ,
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and
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.Sy vax .
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.Pp
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The following platform does not require the first step since a
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single bootstrap file is used.
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The single bootstrap is installed like the primary bootstrap on
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other platforms:
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.Sy next68k .
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.Pp
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.El
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.Pp
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The options and arguments recognized by
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.Nm
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are as follows:
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.
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.Bl -tag -width "optionsxxx"
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.
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.It Fl b Ar s1bno
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Install
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.Ar primary
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at block number
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.Ar s1bno
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instead of the default location for the machine and file system type.
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.Sy [ alpha ,
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.Sy pmax ,
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.Sy vax ]
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.
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.It Fl B Ar s2bno
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When hard-coding the blocks of
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.Ar secondary
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into
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.Ar primary ,
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start from block
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.Ar s2bno
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instead of trying to determine the block numbers occupied by
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.Ar secondary
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by examining
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.Ar filesystem .
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If this option is supplied,
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.Ar secondary
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should refer to an actual secondary bootstrap (rather than the
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file name of the one present in
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.Ar filesystem )
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so that its size can be determined.
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.
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.It Fl c
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Clear (remove) any existing bootstrap instead of installing one.
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.
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.It Fl m Ar machine
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Use
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.Ar machine
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as the target machine type.
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The default machine is determined from
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.Xr uname 3
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and then
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.Ev MACHINE .
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The following machines are currently supported by
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.Nm :
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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.Sy alpha ,
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.Sy amd64 ,
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.Sy amiga ,
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.Sy hp300 ,
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.Sy i386 ,
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.Sy macppc ,
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.Sy news68k ,
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.Sy newsmips ,
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.Sy next68k ,
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.Sy pmax ,
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.Sy sparc ,
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.Sy sparc64 ,
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.Sy sun2 ,
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.Sy sun3 ,
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.Sy vax ,
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.Sy x68k
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.Ed
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.
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.
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.It Fl n
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Do not write to
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.Ar filesystem .
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.
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.It Fl o Ar options
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Machine specific
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.Nm
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options, comma separated.
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.Pp
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Supported options are (with the machines for they are valid in brackets):
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.
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width alphasum
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.
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.It Sy alphasum
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.Sy [ alpha ]
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Recalculate and restore the Alpha checksum.
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This is the default for
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.Nx Ns Tn /alpha .
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.
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.It Sy append
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.Sy [ alpha ,
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.Sy pmax ,
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.Sy vax ]
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Append
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.Ar primary
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to the end of
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.Ar filesystem ,
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which must be a regular file in this case.
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.
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.It Sy command=\*[Lt]boot command\*[Gt]
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.Sy [ amiga ]
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Modify the default boot command line.
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.
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.It Sy console=\*[Lt]console name\*[Gt]
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.Sy [ amd64 ,
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.Sy i386 ]
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Set the console device, \*[Lt]console name\*[Gt] must be one of:
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pc, com0, com1, com2, com3, com0kbd, com1kbd, com2kbd or com3kbd.
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.
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.It Sy ioaddr=\*[Lt]ioaddr\*[Gt]
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.Sy [ amd64 ,
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.Sy i386 ]
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Set the IO address to be used for the console serial port.
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Defaults to the IO address used by the system BIOS for the specified port.
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.
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.It Sy keymap=\*[Lt]keymap\*[Gt]
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.Sy [ amd64 ,
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.Sy i386 ]
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Set a boot time keyboard translation map.
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Each character in \*[Lt]keymap\*[Gt] will be replaced by the one following it.
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For example, an argument of
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.Dq zyz
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would swap the lowercase letters
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.Sq y
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and
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.Sq z .
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.
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.It Sy password=\*[Lt]password\*[Gt]
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.Sy [ amd64 ,
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.Sy i386 ]
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Set the password which must be entered before the boot menu can be accessed.
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.
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.It Sy resetvideo
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.Sy [ amd64 ,
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.Sy i386 ]
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|
Reset the video before booting.
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.
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.It Sy speed=\*[Lt]baud rate\*[Gt]
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.Sy [ amd64 ,
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.Sy i386 ]
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|
Set the baud rate for the serial console.
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.
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.It Sy sunsum
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.Sy [ alpha ,
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.Sy pmax ,
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.Sy vax ]
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Recalculate and restore the Sun and
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.Nx Ns Tn /sparc
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compatible checksum.
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.Em Note :
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The existing
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.Nx Ns Tn /sparc
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disklabel should use no more than 4 partitions.
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.
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.It Sy timeout=\*[Lt]seconds\*[Gt]
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.Sy [ amd64 ,
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.Sy i386 ]
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Set the timeout before the automatic boot begins to the given number of seconds.
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.El
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.
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.It Fl t Ar fstype
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Use
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.Ar fstype
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as the type of
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.Ar filesystem .
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The default operation is to attempt to auto-detect this setting.
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The following file system types are currently supported by
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.Nm :
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.
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width ffs
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.
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.It Sy ffs
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.Bx
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Fast File System.
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.
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.It Sy raw
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.Sq Raw
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image.
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Note: if a platform needs to hard-code the block offset of the secondary
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bootstrap, it cannot be searched for on this file system type, and must
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be provided with
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.Fl B Ar s2bno .
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.El
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.
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.It Fl v
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Verbose operation.
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.
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.It Ar filesystem
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The path name of the device or file system image that
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.Nm
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is to operate on.
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It is not necessary for
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.Ar filesystem
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to be a currently mounted file system.
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.
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.It Ar primary
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The path name of the
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.Dq primary
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boot block to install.
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.
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.It Ar secondary
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The path name of the
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.Dq secondary
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boot block,
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relative to the top of
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.Ar filesystem .
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Most systems require
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.Ar secondary
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to be in the
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.Dq root
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directory of the file system, so the leading
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.Dq Pa /
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is not necessary on
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.Ar secondary .
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.Pp
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Only certain combinations of
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platform
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.Pq Fl m Ar machine
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and file system type
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.Pq Fl t Ar fstype
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require that the name of the secondary bootstrap is
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supplied as
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.Ar secondary ,
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so that information such as the disk block numbers occupied
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by the secondary bootstrap can be stored in the primary bootstrap.
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These are:
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.Bl -column "Platform" "File systems" -offset indent
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.It Sy "Platform" Ta Sy "File systems"
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.It macppc Ta ffs, raw
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.It news68k Ta ffs, raw
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.It newsmips Ta ffs, raw
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.It sparc Ta ffs, raw
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.It sun2 Ta ffs, raw
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.It sun3 Ta ffs, raw
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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.Nm
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exits 0 on success, and \*[Gt]0 if an error occurs.
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.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Nm
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uses the following environment variables:
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.
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.Bl -tag -width "MACHINE"
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.
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.It Ev MACHINE
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Default value for
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.Ar machine ,
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overriding the result from
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.Xr uname 3 .
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.
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.El
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.
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.Sh FILES
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Most
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.Nx
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ports will contain variations of the following files:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_ustarfs
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|
.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ Ns Sy FSTYPE
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Primary bootstrap for file system type
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.Sy FSTYPE .
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Installed into the bootstrap area of the file system by
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.Nm .
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1
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Primary bootstrap for
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.Sy FFSv1
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file systems
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(the "traditional"
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.Nx
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file system).
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv2
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Primary bootstrap for
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.Sy FFSv2
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file systems.
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_lfsv1
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Primary bootstrap for
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.Sy LFSv1
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file systems.
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_lfsv2
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Primary bootstrap for
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.Sy LFSv2
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file systems
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(the default LFS version).
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_msdos
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Primary bootstrap for
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.Tn MS-DOS
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.Sy FAT
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file systems.
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ustarfs
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Primary bootstrap for
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.Sy TARFS
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boot images.
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This is used by various install media.
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot. Ns Sy MACHINE
|
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Secondary bootstrap for machine type
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.Sy MACHINE .
|
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This should be installed into the file system before
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.Nm
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|
is run.
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.
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot
|
|
Synonym for
|
|
.Pa /usr/mdec/boot. Ns Sy MACHINE
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.
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.It Pa /boot. Ns Sy MACHINE
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|
Installed copy of secondary bootstrap for machine type
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.Sy MACHINE .
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.
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.It Pa /boot
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Installed copy of secondary bootstrap.
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Searched for by the primary bootstrap if
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.Pa /boot. Ns Sy MACHINE
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is not found.
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.
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.El
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.
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.Ss NetBSD/next68k files
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.
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_ustarfs
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|
.
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|
.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot
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.Nx Ns Tn /next68k
|
|
bootstrap.
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.
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.El
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|
.
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|
.Ss NetBSD/sparc64 files
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|
.
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|
.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_ustarfs
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|
.
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|
.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootblk
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|
.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64
|
|
primary bootstrap.
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.
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|
.It Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot
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|
.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64
|
|
secondary bootstrap.
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|
.
|
|
.It Pa /ofwboot
|
|
Installed copy of
|
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.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64
|
|
secondary bootstrap.
|
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.
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.El
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|
.
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss common
|
|
Verbosely install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk
|
|
.Sq sd0 :
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot -v /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Remove the primary bootstrap from disk
|
|
.Sq sd1 :
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot -c /dev/rsd1c
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/amiga
|
|
Modify the command line to change the default from "netbsd -ASn2" to
|
|
"netbsd -S":
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot -m amiga -o command="netbsd -S" /dev/rsd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/i386 and NetBSD/amd64
|
|
Install new boot blocks on an existing mounted root file system on
|
|
.Sq wd0 ,
|
|
setting the timeout to five seconds, after copying a new secondary
|
|
bootstrap:
|
|
.Dl Ic cp /usr/mdec/boot /boot
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot -v -o timeout=5 /dev/rwd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1
|
|
.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Create a bootable floppy disk with an FFSv1
|
|
file system for a small custom kernel (note: bigger kernels needing
|
|
multiple disks are handled with the ustarfs file system):
|
|
.Dl Ic newfs -s 1440k /dev/rfd0a
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two -compact
|
|
.Em Note:
|
|
Ignore the warnings that
|
|
.Xr newfs 8
|
|
displays; it can not write a disklabel,
|
|
which is not a problem for a floppy disk.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Dl Ic mount /dev/fd0a /mnt
|
|
.Dl Ic cp /usr/mdec/boot /mnt/boot
|
|
.Dl Ic gzip -9 \*[Lt] sys/arch/i386/compile/mykernel/netbsd \*[Gt] /mnt/netbsd.gz
|
|
.Dl Ic umount /mnt
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot -v /dev/rfd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1
|
|
.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Create a bootable FAT file system on
|
|
.Sq wd1a ,
|
|
which should have the same offset and size as a FAT primary partition
|
|
in the Master Boot Record (MBR):
|
|
.Dl Ic newfs_msdos -r 16 /dev/rwd1a
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two -compact
|
|
.Em Notes:
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl r Ar 16
|
|
is to reserve space for the primary bootstrap.
|
|
.Xr newfs_msdos 8
|
|
will display an
|
|
.Dq MBR type
|
|
such as
|
|
.Ql 1 ,
|
|
.Ql 4 ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Ql 6 ;
|
|
the MBR partition type of the appropriate primary partition should be
|
|
changed to this value.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Dl Ic mount -t msdos /dev/wd1a /mnt
|
|
.Dl Ic cp /usr/mdec/boot /mnt/boot
|
|
.Dl Ic cp path/to/kernel /mnt/netbsd
|
|
.Dl Ic umount /mnt
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot -t raw /dev/rwd1a /usr/mdec/bootxx_msdos
|
|
.Bd -ragged -offset indent-two -compact
|
|
.Em Note:
|
|
It may be necessary to ensure that there is a valid
|
|
.Nx
|
|
disklabel on
|
|
.Sq wd1
|
|
for the primary bootstrap to function correctly.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/next68k
|
|
Install the bootstrap on to disk
|
|
.Sq sd0 :
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/boot
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/pmax
|
|
Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk
|
|
.Sq sd0 :
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nx Ns Tn /pmax
|
|
requires that this file system starts at block 0 of the disk.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Install the ISO 9660 primary bootstrap in the file
|
|
.Pa /tmp/cd-image :
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot -m pmax /tmp/cd-image /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Make an ISO 9660 filesystem in the file
|
|
.Pa /tmp/cd-image
|
|
and install the ISO 9660 primary bootstrap in the filesystem, where the
|
|
source directory for the ISO 9660 filesystem contains a kernel, the
|
|
primary bootstrap
|
|
.Pa bootxx_cd9660
|
|
and the secondary bootstrap
|
|
.Pa boot.pmax :
|
|
.Dl Ic mkisofs -o /tmp/cd-image -a -l -v iso-source-dir
|
|
.Dl ...
|
|
.Dl 48 51 iso-source-dir/bootxx_cd9660
|
|
.Dl ...
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot -b `expr 48 \e* 4` /tmp/cd-image /usr/mdec/bootxx_cd9660
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/sparc
|
|
Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk
|
|
.Sq sd0 ,
|
|
with the secondary bootstrap
|
|
.Sq Pa /boot
|
|
already present:
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx /boot
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/sparc64
|
|
Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk
|
|
.Sq wd0 :
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rwd0c /usr/mdec/bootblk
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The secondary
|
|
.Nx Ns Tn /sparc64
|
|
bootstrap is located in
|
|
.Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot .
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/sun2 and NetBSD/sun3
|
|
Install the Berkeley Fast File System primary bootstrap on to disk
|
|
.Sq sd0 ,
|
|
with the secondary bootstrap
|
|
.Sq Pa /boot
|
|
already present:
|
|
.Dl Ic installboot /dev/rsd0c /usr/mdec/bootxx /boot
|
|
.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr uname 3 ,
|
|
.Xr boot 8 ,
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8
|
|
.
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
This implementation of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
appeared in
|
|
.Nx 1.6 .
|
|
.
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
The machine independent portion of this implementation of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
was written by Luke Mewburn.
|
|
The following people contributed to the various machine dependent
|
|
back-ends:
|
|
Simon Burge (pmax),
|
|
Chris Demetriou (alpha),
|
|
Matthew Fredette (sun2, sun3),
|
|
Matthew Green (sparc64),
|
|
Ross Harvey (alpha),
|
|
Michael Hitch (amiga),
|
|
Paul Kranenburg (sparc),
|
|
David Laight (i386),
|
|
Christian Limpach (next68k),
|
|
Luke Mewburn (macppc),
|
|
Matt Thomas (vax),
|
|
and
|
|
Izumi Tsutsui (news68k, newsmips).
|
|
.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
There are not currently primary bootstraps to support all file systems
|
|
types which are capable of being the root file system.
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/alpha
|
|
The
|
|
.Nx Ns Tn /alpha
|
|
primary bootstrap program can only load the secondary bootstrap program
|
|
from file systems starting at the beginning (block 0) of disks.
|
|
Similarly, the secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from
|
|
file systems starting at the beginning of disks.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 7.5KB, even
|
|
though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger
|
|
ones.
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/hp300
|
|
The disk must have a boot partition large enough to hold the bootstrap code.
|
|
Currently the primary bootstrap must be a LIF format file.
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/i386 and NetBSD/amd64
|
|
The bootstrap must be installed in the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
partition that starts at the beginning of the mbr partition.
|
|
If that is a valid filesystem and contains the
|
|
.Pa /boot
|
|
program then it will be used as the root filesystem, otherwise the
|
|
.Sq a
|
|
partition will be booted.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 8KB, even
|
|
though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger
|
|
ones.
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/next68k
|
|
The size of bootstrap programs is restricted to the free space before
|
|
the file system at the beginning of the disk minus 8KB.
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/pmax
|
|
The
|
|
.Nx Ns Tn /pmax
|
|
secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from file
|
|
systems starting at the beginning of disks.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 7.5KB, even
|
|
though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger
|
|
ones.
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/sun2 and NetBSD/sun3
|
|
The
|
|
.Nx Ns Tn /sun2
|
|
and
|
|
.Nx Ns Tn /sun3
|
|
secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from file
|
|
systems starting at the beginning of disks.
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss NetBSD/vax
|
|
The
|
|
.Nx Ns Tn /vax
|
|
secondary bootstrap program can only load kernels from file systems
|
|
starting at the beginning of disks.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The size of primary bootstrap programs is restricted to 7.5KB, even
|
|
though some file systems (e.g., ISO 9660) are able to accommodate larger
|
|
ones.
|