465 lines
12 KiB
Groff
465 lines
12 KiB
Groff
.rn '' }`
|
|
'''
|
|
'''
|
|
.de Sh
|
|
.br
|
|
.if t .Sp
|
|
.ne 5
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fB\\$1\fR
|
|
.PP
|
|
..
|
|
.de Sp
|
|
.if t .sp .5v
|
|
.if n .sp
|
|
..
|
|
.de Ip
|
|
.br
|
|
.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3
|
|
.el .ne 3
|
|
.IP "\\$1" \\$2
|
|
..
|
|
.de Vb
|
|
.ft CW
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ne \\$1
|
|
..
|
|
.de Ve
|
|
.ft R
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
..
|
|
'''
|
|
'''
|
|
''' Set up \*(-- to give an unbreakable dash;
|
|
''' string Tr holds user defined translation string.
|
|
''' Bell System Logo is used as a dummy character.
|
|
'''
|
|
.tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
|
|
.ie n \{\
|
|
.ds -- \(*W-
|
|
.ds PI pi
|
|
.if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
|
|
.if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
|
|
.ds L" ""
|
|
.ds R" ""
|
|
''' \*(M", \*(S", \*(N" and \*(T" are the equivalent of
|
|
''' \*(L" and \*(R", except that they are used on ".xx" lines,
|
|
''' such as .IP and .SH, which do another additional levels of
|
|
''' double-quote interpretation
|
|
.ds M" """
|
|
.ds S" """
|
|
.ds N" """""
|
|
.ds T" """""
|
|
.ds L' '
|
|
.ds R' '
|
|
.ds M' '
|
|
.ds S' '
|
|
.ds N' '
|
|
.ds T' '
|
|
'br\}
|
|
.el\{\
|
|
.ds -- \(em\|
|
|
.tr \*(Tr
|
|
.ds L" ``
|
|
.ds R" ''
|
|
.ds M" ``
|
|
.ds S" ''
|
|
.ds N" ``
|
|
.ds T" ''
|
|
.ds L' `
|
|
.ds R' '
|
|
.ds M' `
|
|
.ds S' '
|
|
.ds N' `
|
|
.ds T' '
|
|
.ds PI \(*p
|
|
'br\}
|
|
.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate
|
|
.\" index entries out stderr for the following things:
|
|
.\" TH Title
|
|
.\" SH Header
|
|
.\" Sh Subsection
|
|
.\" Ip Item
|
|
.\" X<> Xref (embedded
|
|
.\" Of course, you have to process the output yourself
|
|
.\" in some meaninful fashion.
|
|
.if \nF \{
|
|
.de IX
|
|
.tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
|
|
..
|
|
.nr % 0
|
|
.rr F
|
|
.\}
|
|
.TH ENC 1 "0.9.5a" "22/Jul/2000" "OpenSSL"
|
|
.UC
|
|
.if n .hy 0
|
|
.if n .na
|
|
.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
|
|
.de CQ \" put $1 in typewriter font
|
|
.ft CW
|
|
'if n "\c
|
|
'if t \\&\\$1\c
|
|
'if n \\&\\$1\c
|
|
'if n \&"
|
|
\\&\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7
|
|
'.ft R
|
|
..
|
|
.\" @(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2
|
|
. \" AM - accent mark definitions
|
|
.bd B 3
|
|
. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
|
|
.if n \{\
|
|
. ds #H 0
|
|
. ds #V .8m
|
|
. ds #F .3m
|
|
. ds #[ \f1
|
|
. ds #] \fP
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if t \{\
|
|
. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
|
|
. ds #V .6m
|
|
. ds #F 0
|
|
. ds #[ \&
|
|
. ds #] \&
|
|
.\}
|
|
. \" simple accents for nroff and troff
|
|
.if n \{\
|
|
. ds ' \&
|
|
. ds ` \&
|
|
. ds ^ \&
|
|
. ds , \&
|
|
. ds ~ ~
|
|
. ds ? ?
|
|
. ds ! !
|
|
. ds /
|
|
. ds q
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if t \{\
|
|
. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
|
|
. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. ds ? \s-2c\h'-\w'c'u*7/10'\u\h'\*(#H'\zi\d\s+2\h'\w'c'u*8/10'
|
|
. ds ! \s-2\(or\s+2\h'-\w'\(or'u'\v'-.8m'.\v'.8m'
|
|
. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. ds q o\h'-\w'o'u*8/10'\s-4\v'.4m'\z\(*i\v'-.4m'\s+4\h'\w'o'u*8/10'
|
|
.\}
|
|
. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
|
|
.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
|
|
.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
|
|
.ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
|
|
.ds _ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H+(\*(#F*2/3))'\v'-.4m'\z\(hy\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
.ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
.ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#]
|
|
.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
|
|
.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
|
|
.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
|
|
.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
|
|
.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
|
|
.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
|
|
.ds oe o\h'-(\w'o'u*4/10)'e
|
|
.ds Oe O\h'-(\w'O'u*4/10)'E
|
|
. \" corrections for vroff
|
|
.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
|
|
. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
|
|
.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
|
|
\{\
|
|
. ds : e
|
|
. ds 8 ss
|
|
. ds v \h'-1'\o'\(aa\(ga'
|
|
. ds _ \h'-1'^
|
|
. ds . \h'-1'.
|
|
. ds 3 3
|
|
. ds o a
|
|
. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
|
|
. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
|
|
. ds th \o'bp'
|
|
. ds Th \o'LP'
|
|
. ds ae ae
|
|
. ds Ae AE
|
|
. ds oe oe
|
|
. ds Oe OE
|
|
.\}
|
|
.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
|
|
.SH "NAME"
|
|
enc \- symmetric cipher routines
|
|
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
|
|
\fBopenssl enc \-ciphername\fR
|
|
[\fB\-in filename\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-out filename\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-pass arg\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-e\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-d\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-a\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-A\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-k password\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-kfile filename\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-K key\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-iv IV\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-p\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-P\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-bufsize number\fR]
|
|
[\fB\-debug\fR]
|
|
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|
The symmetric cipher commands allow data to be encrypted or decrypted
|
|
using various block and stream ciphers using keys based on passwords
|
|
or explicitly provided. Base64 encoding or decoding can also be performed
|
|
either by itself or in addition to the encryption or decryption.
|
|
.SH "OPTIONS"
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
|
|
the input filename, standard input by default.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
|
|
the output filename, standard output by default.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-pass arg\fR" 4
|
|
the password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
|
|
see the \fB\s-1PASS\s0 \s-1PHRASE\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in the \fIopenssl(1)|openssl(1)\fR manpage.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-salt\fR" 4
|
|
use a salt in the key derivation routines. This option should \fB\s-1ALWAYS\s0\fR
|
|
be used unless compatibility with previous versions of OpenSSL or SSLeay
|
|
is required. This option is only present on OpenSSL versions 0.9.5 or
|
|
above.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-nosalt\fR" 4
|
|
don't use a salt in the key derivation routines. This is the default for
|
|
compatibility with previous versions of OpenSSL and SSLeay.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-e\fR" 4
|
|
encrypt the input data: this is the default.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-d\fR" 4
|
|
decrypt the input data.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-a\fR" 4
|
|
base64 process the data. This means that if encryption is taking place
|
|
the data is base64 encoded after encryption. If decryption is set then
|
|
the input data is base64 decoded before being decrypted.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-A\fR" 4
|
|
if the \fB\-a\fR option is set then base64 process the data on one line.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-k password\fR" 4
|
|
the password to derive the key from. This is for compatibility with previous
|
|
versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by the \fB\-pass\fR argument.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-kfile filename\fR" 4
|
|
read the password to derive the key from the first line of \fBfilename\fR.
|
|
This is for computability with previous versions of OpenSSL. Superseded by
|
|
the \fB\-pass\fR argument.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-S salt\fR" 4
|
|
the actual salt to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
|
|
of hex digits.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-K key\fR" 4
|
|
the actual key to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
|
|
of hex digits.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-iv \s-1IV\s0\fR" 4
|
|
the actual \s-1IV\s0 to use: this must be represented as a string comprised only
|
|
of hex digits.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-p\fR" 4
|
|
print out the key and \s-1IV\s0 used.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-P\fR" 4
|
|
print out the key and \s-1IV\s0 used then immediately exit: don't do any encryption
|
|
or decryption.
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-bufsize number\fR" 4
|
|
set the buffer size for I/O
|
|
.Ip "\fB\-debug\fR" 4
|
|
debug the BIOs used for I/O.
|
|
.SH "NOTES"
|
|
The program can be called either as \fBopenssl ciphername\fR or
|
|
\fBopenssl enc \-ciphername\fR.
|
|
.PP
|
|
A password will be prompted for to derive the key and IV if necessary.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \fB\-salt\fR option should \fBALWAYS\fR be used if the key is being derived
|
|
from a password unless you want compatibility with previous versions of
|
|
OpenSSL and SSLeay.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Without the \fB\-salt\fR option it is possible to perform efficient dictionary
|
|
attacks on the password and to attack stream cipher encrypted data. The reason
|
|
for this is that without the salt the same password always generates the same
|
|
encryption key. When the salt is being used the first eight bytes of the
|
|
encrypted data are reserved for the salt: it is generated at random when
|
|
encrypting a file and read from the encrypted file when it is decrypted.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Some of the ciphers do not have large keys and others have security
|
|
implications if not used correctly. A beginner is advised to just use
|
|
a strong block cipher in CBC mode such as bf or des3.
|
|
.PP
|
|
All the block ciphers use PKCS#5 padding also known as standard block
|
|
padding: this allows a rudimentary integrity or password check to be
|
|
performed. However since the chance of random data passing the test is
|
|
better than 1 in 256 it isn't a very good test.
|
|
.PP
|
|
All RC2 ciphers have the same key and effective key length.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Blowfish and RC5 algorithms use a 128 bit key.
|
|
.SH "SUPPORTED CIPHERS"
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& base64 Base 64
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& bf-cbc Blowfish in CBC mode
|
|
\& bf Alias for bf-cbc
|
|
\& bf-cfb Blowfish in CFB mode
|
|
\& bf-ecb Blowfish in ECB mode
|
|
\& bf-ofb Blowfish in OFB mode
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& cast-cbc CAST in CBC mode
|
|
\& cast Alias for cast-cbc
|
|
\& cast5-cbc CAST5 in CBC mode
|
|
\& cast5-cfb CAST5 in CFB mode
|
|
\& cast5-ecb CAST5 in ECB mode
|
|
\& cast5-ofb CAST5 in OFB mode
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& des-cbc DES in CBC mode
|
|
\& des Alias for des-cbc
|
|
\& des-cfb DES in CBC mode
|
|
\& des-ofb DES in OFB mode
|
|
\& des-ecb DES in ECB mode
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& des-ede-cbc Two key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
|
|
\& des-ede Alias for des-ede
|
|
\& des-ede-cfb Two key triple DES EDE in CFB mode
|
|
\& des-ede-ofb Two key triple DES EDE in OFB mode
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& des-ede3-cbc Three key triple DES EDE in CBC mode
|
|
\& des-ede3 Alias for des-ede3-cbc
|
|
\& des3 Alias for des-ede3-cbc
|
|
\& des-ede3-cfb Three key triple DES EDE CFB mode
|
|
\& des-ede3-ofb Three key triple DES EDE in OFB mode
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& desx DESX algorithm.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& idea-cbc IDEA algorithm in CBC mode
|
|
\& idea same as idea-cbc
|
|
\& idea-cfb IDEA in CFB mode
|
|
\& idea-ecb IDEA in ECB mode
|
|
\& idea-ofb IDEA in OFB mode
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& rc2-cbc 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
|
|
\& rc2 Alias for rc2-cbc
|
|
\& rc2-cfb 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
|
|
\& rc2-ecb 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
|
|
\& rc2-ofb 128 bit RC2 in CBC mode
|
|
\& rc2-64-cbc 64 bit RC2 in CBC mode
|
|
\& rc2-40-cbc 40 bit RC2 in CBC mode
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& rc4 128 bit RC4
|
|
\& rc4-64 64 bit RC4
|
|
\& rc4-40 40 bit RC4
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& rc5-cbc RC5 cipher in CBC mode
|
|
\& rc5 Alias for rc5-cbc
|
|
\& rc5-cfb RC5 cipher in CBC mode
|
|
\& rc5-ecb RC5 cipher in CBC mode
|
|
\& rc5-ofb RC5 cipher in CBC mode
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.SH "EXAMPLES"
|
|
Just base64 encode a binary file:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl base64 -in file.bin -out file.b64
|
|
.Ve
|
|
Decode the same file
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl base64 -d -in file.b64 -out file.bin
|
|
.Ve
|
|
Encrypt a file using triple DES in CBC mode using a prompted password:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl des3 -salt -in file.txt -out file.des3
|
|
.Ve
|
|
Decrypt a file using a supplied password:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl des3 -d -salt -in file.des3 -out file.txt -k mypassword
|
|
.Ve
|
|
Encrypt a file then base64 encode it (so it can be sent via mail for example)
|
|
using Blowfish in CBC mode:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl bf -a -salt -in file.txt -out file.bf
|
|
.Ve
|
|
Base64 decode a file then decrypt it:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl bf -d -salt -a -in file.bf -out file.txt
|
|
.Ve
|
|
Decrypt some data using a supplied 40 bit RC4 key:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl rc4-40 -in file.rc4 -out file.txt -K 0102030405
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.SH "BUGS"
|
|
The \fB\-A\fR option when used with large files doesn't work properly.
|
|
.PP
|
|
There should be an option to allow an iteration count to be included.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Like the EVP library the \fBenc\fR program only supports a fixed number of
|
|
algorithms with certain parameters. So if, for example, you want to use RC2
|
|
with a 76 bit key or RC4 with an 84 bit key you can't use this program.
|
|
|
|
.rn }` ''
|
|
.IX Title "ENC 1"
|
|
.IX Name "enc - symmetric cipher routines"
|
|
|
|
.IX Header "NAME"
|
|
|
|
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
|
|
|
|
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
|
|
|
|
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-in filename\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-out filename\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-pass arg\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-salt\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-nosalt\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-e\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-d\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-a\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-A\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-k password\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-kfile filename\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-S salt\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-K key\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-iv \s-1IV\s0\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-p\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-P\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-bufsize number\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Item "\fB\-debug\fR"
|
|
|
|
.IX Header "NOTES"
|
|
|
|
.IX Header "SUPPORTED CIPHERS"
|
|
|
|
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
|
|
|
|
.IX Header "BUGS"
|
|
|