892 lines
30 KiB
Groff
892 lines
30 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation
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.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
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.TH ar 1 "1999" "Free Software Foundation" "GNU Development Tools"
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.de BP
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.sp
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.ti \-.2i
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\(**
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..
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.SH NAME
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ar \- create, modify, and extract from archives.
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.hy 0
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.na
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.BR ar " [\|" "-" "\|]"\c
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.I {dmpqrtx}[abcfilNoPsSuvV] \c
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[\|\c
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.I membername\c
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\&\|] \c
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[\|\c
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.I count\c
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\&\|] \c
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.I archive\c
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\& \c
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.I files\c
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\&.\|.\|.
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.ad b
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.hy 1
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The GNU \c
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.B ar\c
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\& program creates, modifies, and extracts from
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archives. An \c
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.I archive\c
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\& is a single file holding a collection of
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other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve
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the original individual files (called \c
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.I members\c
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\& of the archive).
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The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
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group are preserved in the archive, and may be reconstituted on
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extraction.
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GNU \c
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.B ar\c
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\& can maintain archives whose members have names of any
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length; however, depending on how \c
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.B ar\c
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\& is configured on your
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system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed (for compatibility
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with archive formats maintained with other tools). If it exists, the
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limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
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characters (typical of formats related to coff).
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\c
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.B ar\c
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\& is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort
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are most often used as \c
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.I libraries\c
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\& holding commonly needed
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subroutines.
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\c
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.B ar\c
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\& will create an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
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object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier `\|\c
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.B s\c
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\|'.
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Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever \c
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.B ar\c
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\&
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makes a change to its contents (save for the `\|\c
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.B q\c
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\|' update operation).
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An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
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allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
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their placement in the archive.
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You may use `\|\c
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.B nm \-s\c
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\|' or `\|\c
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.B nm \-\-print\-armap\c
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\|' to list this index
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table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of \c
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.B ar\c
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\& called
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\c
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.B ranlib\c
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\& can be used to add just the table.
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\c
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.B ar\c
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\& insists on at least two arguments to execute: one
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keyletter specifying the \c
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.I operation\c
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\& (optionally accompanied by other
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keyletters specifying \c
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.I modifiers\c
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\&), and the archive name to act on.
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Most operations can also accept further \c
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.I files\c
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\& arguments,
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specifying particular files to operate on.
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.SH OPTIONS
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GNU \c
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.B ar\c
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\& allows you to mix the operation code \c
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.I p\c
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\& and modifier
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flags \c
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.I mod\c
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\& in any order, within the first command-line argument.
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If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
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dash.
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The \c
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.I p\c
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\& keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
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any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
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.TP
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.B d
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\c
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.I Delete\c
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\& modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
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be deleted as \c
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.I files\c
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\&; the archive is untouched if you
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specify no files to delete.
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If you specify the `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' modifier, \c
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.B ar\c
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\& will list each module
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as it is deleted.
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.TP
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.B m
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Use this operation to \c
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.I move\c
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\& members in an archive.
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The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
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programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
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than one member.
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If no modifiers are used with \c
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.B m\c
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\&, any members you name in the
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\c
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.I files\c
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\& arguments are moved to the \c
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.I end\c
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\& of the archive;
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you can use the `\|\c
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.B a\c
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\|', `\|\c
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.B b\c
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\|', or `\|\c
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.B i\c
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\|' modifiers to move them to a
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specified place instead.
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.TP
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.B p
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\c
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.I Print\c
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\& the specified members of the archive, to the standard
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output file. If the `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' modifier is specified, show the member
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name before copying its contents to standard output.
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If you specify no \c
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.I files\c
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\&, all the files in the archive are printed.
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.TP
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.B q
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\c
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.I Quick append\c
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\&; add \c
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.I files\c
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\& to the end of \c
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.I archive\c
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\&,
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without checking for replacement.
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The modifiers `\|\c
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.B a\c
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\|', `\|\c
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.B b\c
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\|', and `\|\c
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.B i\c
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\|' do \c
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.I not\c
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\& affect this
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operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
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The modifier `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' makes \c
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.B ar\c
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\& list each file as it is appended.
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Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table
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index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use `\|\c
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.B ar s\c
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\|' or
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\c
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.B ranlib\c
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\& explicitly to update the symbol table index.
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However, too many different systems assume quick append rebuilds the
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index, so GNU
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.B ar
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implements `\|\c
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.B q\c
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\|' as a synonym for `\|\c
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.B r\c
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\|'.
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.TP
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.B r
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Insert \c
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.I files\c
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\& into \c
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.I archive\c
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\& (with \c
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.I replacement\c
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\&). This
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operation differs from `\|\c
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.B q\c
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\|' in that any previously existing members
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are deleted if their names match those being added.
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If one of the files named in \c
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.I files\c
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\& doesn't exist, \c
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.B ar\c
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\&
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displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
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of the archive matching that name.
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By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
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use one of the modifiers `\|\c
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.B a\c
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\|', `\|\c
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.B b\c
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\|', or `\|\c
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.B i\c
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\|' to request
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placement relative to some existing member.
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The modifier `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' used with this operation elicits a line of
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output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters `\|\c
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.B a\c
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\|' or
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`\|\c
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.B r\c
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\|' to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
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deleted) or replaced.
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.TP
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.B t
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Display a \c
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.I table\c
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\& listing the contents of \c
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.I archive\c
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\&, or those
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of the files listed in \c
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.I files\c
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\& that are present in the
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archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
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see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
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request that by also specifying the `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' modifier.
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If you do not specify any \c
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.I files\c
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\&, all files in the archive
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are listed.
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If there is more than one file with the same name (say, `\|\c
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.B fie\c
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\|') in
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an archive (say `\|\c
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.B b.a\c
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\|'), `\|\c
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.B ar t b.a fie\c
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\|' will list only the
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first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
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listing\(em\&in our example, `\|\c
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.B ar t b.a\c
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\|'.
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.TP
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.B x
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\c
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.I Extract\c
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\& members (named \c
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.I files\c
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\&) from the archive. You can
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use the `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' modifier with this operation, to request that
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\c
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.B ar\c
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\& list each name as it extracts it.
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If you do not specify any \c
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.I files\c
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\&, all files in the archive
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are extracted.
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.PP
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A number of modifiers (\c
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.I mod\c
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\&) may immediately follow the \c
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.I p\c
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\&
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keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
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.TP
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.B a
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Add new files \c
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.I after\c
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\& an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier \c
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.B a\c
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\&, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the \c
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.I membername\c
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\& argument, before the
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\c
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.I archive\c
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\& specification.
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.TP
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.B b
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Add new files \c
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.I before\c
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\& an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier \c
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.B b\c
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\&, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the \c
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.I membername\c
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\& argument, before the
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\c
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.I archive\c
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\& specification. (same as `\|\c
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.B i\c
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\|').
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.TP
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.B c
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\c
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.I Create\c
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\& the archive. The specified \c
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.I archive\c
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\& is always
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created if it didn't exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
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issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
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using this modifier.
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.TP
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.B f
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Truncate names in the archive.
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.B ar
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will normally permit file names of any length. This will cause it to
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create archives which are not compatible with the native
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.B ar
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program on some systems. If this is a concern, the
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.B f
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modifier may be used to truncate file names when putting them in the
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archive.
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.TP
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.B i
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Insert new files \c
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.I before\c
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\& an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier \c
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.B i\c
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\&, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the \c
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.I membername\c
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\& argument, before the
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\c
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.I archive\c
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\& specification. (same as `\|\c
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.B b\c
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\|').
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.TP
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.B l
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This modifier is accepted but not used.
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.TP
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.B N
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Uses the
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.I count
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parameter. This is used if there are multiple entries in the archive
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with the same name. Extract or delete instance
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.I count
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of the given name from the archive.
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.TP
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.B o
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Preserve the \c
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.I original\c
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\& dates of members when extracting them. If
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you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
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will be stamped with the time of extraction.
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.TP
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.B P
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Use the full path name when matching names in the archive.
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.B ar
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can not create an archive with a full path name (such archives are not
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POSIX complaint), but other archive creators can. This option will
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cause
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.B ar
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to match file names using a complete path name, which can be
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convenient when extracting a single file from an archive created by
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another tool.
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.TP
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.B s
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Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
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even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
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flag either with any operation, or alone. Running `\|\c
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.B ar s\c
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\|' on an
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archive is equivalent to running `\|\c
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.B ranlib\c
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\|' on it.
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.TP
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.B S
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Do not generate an archive symbol table. This can speed up building a
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large library in several steps. The resulting archive can not be used
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with the linker. In order to build a symbol table, you must omit the
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`\|\c
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.B S\c
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\|' modifier on the last execution of `\|\c
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.B ar\c
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\|', or you must run `\|\c
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.B ranlib\c
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\|' on the archive.
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.TP
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.B u
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Normally, \c
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.B ar r\c
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\&.\|.\|. inserts all files
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listed into the archive. If you would like to insert \c
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.I only\c
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\& those
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of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
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names, use this modifier. The `\|\c
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.B u\c
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\|' modifier is allowed only for the
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operation `\|\c
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.B r\c
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\|' (replace). In particular, the combination `\|\c
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.B qu\c
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\|' is
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not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
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advantage from the operation `\|\c
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.B q\c
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\|'.
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.TP
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.B v
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This modifier requests the \c
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.I verbose\c
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\& version of an operation. Many
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operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
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when the modifier `\|\c
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.B v\c
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\|' is appended.
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.TP
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.B V
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This modifier shows the version number of
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.BR ar .
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.PP
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.RB "`\|" binutils "\|'"
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entry in
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.B
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info\c
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\&;
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.I
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The GNU Binary Utilities\c
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, Roland H. Pesch (October 1991).
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.BR nm ( 1 )\c
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\&,
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.BR ranlib ( 1 )\c
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\&.
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.SH COPYING
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Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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.PP
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This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free
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Documentation License, version 1.1. That license is described in the
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sources for this manual page, but it is not displayed here in order to
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make this manual more consise. Copies of this license can also be
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obtained from: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
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\" .SH GNU Free Documentation License
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\" Version 1.1, March 2000
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\" Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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\" 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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\" Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
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\" copies of this license document, but changing it is
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\" not allowed.
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\" .PP
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\" 0. PREAMBLE
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\" .PP
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\" The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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\" written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
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\" the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
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\" modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
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\" this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
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\" credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
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\" modifications made by others.
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\" .PP
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\" This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
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\" works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
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\" complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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|
\" license designed for free software.
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\" .PP
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\" We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
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\" software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
|
|
\" program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
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\" software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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\" it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
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\" whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
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\" principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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\" .PP
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\" 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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\" .PP
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\" This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
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\" notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
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|
\" under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
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\" such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
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\" addressed as "you".
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\" .PP
|
|
\" A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
|
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\" Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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\" modifications and/or translated into another language.
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\" .PP
|
|
\" A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
|
|
\" the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
|
|
\" publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
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|
\" (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
|
|
\" within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
|
|
\" textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
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\" mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
|
|
\" connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
|
|
\" commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
|
|
\" them.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
|
|
\" are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
|
|
\" that says that the Document is released under this License.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
|
|
\" as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
|
|
\" the Document is released under this License.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
|
|
\" represented in a format whose specification is available to the
|
|
\" general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
|
|
\" straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
|
|
\" pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
|
|
\" drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
|
|
\" for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
|
|
\" to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
|
|
\" format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
|
|
\" subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
|
|
\" not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
|
|
\" ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
|
|
\" or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
|
|
\" HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
|
|
\" PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
|
|
\" by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
|
|
\" processing tools are not generally available, and the
|
|
\" machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
|
|
\" purposes only.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
|
|
\" plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
|
|
\" this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
|
|
\" formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
|
|
\" the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
|
|
\" preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" 2. VERBATIM COPYING
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
|
|
\" commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
|
|
\" copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
|
|
\" to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
|
|
\" conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
|
|
\" technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
|
|
\" copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
|
|
\" compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
|
|
\" number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
|
|
\" you may publicly display copies.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
|
|
\" and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
|
|
\" the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
|
|
\" Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
|
|
\" the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
|
|
\" you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
|
|
\" the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
|
|
\" visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
|
|
\" Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
|
|
\" the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
|
|
\" as verbatim copying in other respects.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
|
|
\" legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
|
\" reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
|
|
\" pages.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
|
|
\" more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
|
|
\" copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
|
|
\" a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
|
|
\" Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
|
|
\" general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
|
|
\" charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
|
|
\" option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
|
|
\" distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
|
|
\" Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
|
|
\" until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
|
|
\" copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
|
|
\" the public.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
|
|
\" Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
|
|
\" them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" 4. MODIFICATIONS
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
|
|
\" the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
|
|
\" the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
|
|
\" Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
|
|
\" and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
|
|
\" of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
|
|
\" from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
|
|
\" (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
|
|
\" of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
|
|
\" if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
|
|
\" responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
|
|
\" Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
|
|
\" Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
|
|
\" Modified Version, as the publisher.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
|
|
\" adjacent to the other copyright notices.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
|
|
\" giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
|
|
\" terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
|
|
\" Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
|
|
\" and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
|
|
\" it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
|
|
\" publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
|
|
\" there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
|
|
\" stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
|
|
\" given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
|
|
\" Version as stated in the previous sentence.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
|
|
\" public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
|
|
\" the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
|
|
\" it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
|
|
\" You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
|
|
\" least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
|
|
\" publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
|
|
\" preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
|
|
\" substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
|
|
\" and/or dedications given therein.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
|
|
\" unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
|
|
\" or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
|
|
\" may not be included in the Modified Version.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements"
|
|
\" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
|
|
\" appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
|
|
\" copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
|
|
\" of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
|
|
\" list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
|
|
\" These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
|
|
\" nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
|
|
\" parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
|
|
\" been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
|
|
\" standard.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
|
|
\" passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
|
|
\" of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
|
|
\" Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
|
|
\" through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
|
|
\" includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
|
|
\" by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
|
|
\" you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
|
|
\" permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
|
|
\" give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
|
|
\" imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
|
|
\" 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
|
|
\" License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
|
|
\" versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
|
|
\" Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
|
|
\" list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
|
|
\" license notice.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
|
|
\" multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
|
|
\" copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
|
|
\" different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
|
|
\" adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
|
|
\" author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
|
|
\" Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
|
|
\" Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
|
|
\" in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
|
|
\" "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
|
|
\" and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
|
|
\" entitled "Endorsements."
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
|
|
\" 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
|
|
\" released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
|
|
\" License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
|
|
\" the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
|
|
\" verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
|
|
\" it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
|
|
\" License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
|
|
\" other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
|
|
\" 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
|
|
\" and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
|
\" distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
|
|
\" of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
|
|
\" compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
|
|
\" License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
|
|
\" with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
|
|
\" are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
|
|
\" copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
|
|
\" of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
|
|
\" covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
|
|
\" Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
|
|
\" 8. TRANSLATION
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
|
\" distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
|
|
\" Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
|
|
\" permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
|
|
\" translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
|
|
\" original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
|
|
\" translation of this License provided that you also include the
|
|
\" original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
|
|
\" between the translation and the original English version of this
|
|
\" License, the original English version will prevail.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
|
|
\" 9. TERMINATION
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
|
|
\" as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
|
|
\" copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
|
|
\" automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
|
|
\" parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
|
|
\" License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
|
|
\" parties remain in full compliance.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
|
|
\" 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
|
|
\" of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
|
|
\" versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
|
|
\" differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
|
|
\" http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
|
|
\" If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
|
|
\" License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
|
|
\" following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
|
|
\" of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
|
|
\" Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
|
|
\" number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
|
|
\" as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
|
|
\" ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
|
|
\" the License in the document and put the following copyright and
|
|
\" license notices just after the title page:
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
|
|
\" Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
|
|
\" modify this document under the terms of the GNU
|
|
\" Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later
|
|
\" version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
|
\" with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES,
|
|
\" with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the
|
|
\" Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license
|
|
\" is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
|
|
\" Documentation License".
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
|
|
\" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
|
|
\" Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
|
|
\" "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
|
|
\" .PP
|
|
\" If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
|
|
\" recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
|
|
\" free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
|
|
\" to permit their use in free software.
|