NetBSD/sys/kern/sched_4bsd.c

731 lines
20 KiB
C

/* $NetBSD: sched_4bsd.c,v 1.3 2007/07/09 21:10:55 ad Exp $ */
/*-
* Copyright (c) 1999, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2007 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
* by Jason R. Thorpe of the Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility,
* NASA Ames Research Center, by Charles M. Hannum, Andrew Doran, and
* Daniel Sieger.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
* Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*-
* Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
* (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
* All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
* to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
* Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
* the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* @(#)kern_synch.c 8.9 (Berkeley) 5/19/95
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: sched_4bsd.c,v 1.3 2007/07/09 21:10:55 ad Exp $");
#include "opt_ddb.h"
#include "opt_lockdebug.h"
#include "opt_perfctrs.h"
#define __MUTEX_PRIVATE
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/callout.h>
#include <sys/cpu.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/signalvar.h>
#include <sys/resourcevar.h>
#include <sys/sched.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/kauth.h>
#include <sys/lockdebug.h>
#include <sys/kmem.h>
#include <uvm/uvm_extern.h>
/*
* Run queues.
*
* We have 32 run queues in descending priority of 0..31. We maintain
* a bitmask of non-empty queues in order speed up finding the first
* runnable process. The bitmask is maintained only by machine-dependent
* code, allowing the most efficient instructions to be used to find the
* first non-empty queue.
*/
#define RUNQUE_NQS 32 /* number of runqueues */
#define PPQ (128 / RUNQUE_NQS) /* priorities per queue */
typedef struct subqueue {
TAILQ_HEAD(, lwp) sq_queue;
} subqueue_t;
typedef struct runqueue {
subqueue_t rq_subqueues[RUNQUE_NQS]; /* run queues */
uint32_t rq_bitmap; /* bitmap of non-empty queues */
} runqueue_t;
static runqueue_t global_queue;
static void updatepri(struct lwp *);
static void resetpriority(struct lwp *);
static void resetprocpriority(struct proc *);
extern unsigned int sched_pstats_ticks; /* defined in kern_synch.c */
/* The global scheduler state */
kmutex_t sched_mutex;
/* Number of hardclock ticks per sched_tick() */
int rrticks;
/*
* Force switch among equal priority processes every 100ms.
* Called from hardclock every hz/10 == rrticks hardclock ticks.
*/
/* ARGSUSED */
void
sched_tick(struct cpu_info *ci)
{
struct schedstate_percpu *spc = &ci->ci_schedstate;
spc->spc_ticks = rrticks;
if (!CURCPU_IDLE_P()) {
if (spc->spc_flags & SPCF_SEENRR) {
/*
* The process has already been through a roundrobin
* without switching and may be hogging the CPU.
* Indicate that the process should yield.
*/
spc->spc_flags |= SPCF_SHOULDYIELD;
} else
spc->spc_flags |= SPCF_SEENRR;
}
cpu_need_resched(curcpu(), 0);
}
#define NICE_WEIGHT 2 /* priorities per nice level */
#define ESTCPU_SHIFT 11
#define ESTCPU_MAX ((NICE_WEIGHT * PRIO_MAX - PPQ) << ESTCPU_SHIFT)
#define ESTCPULIM(e) min((e), ESTCPU_MAX)
/*
* Constants for digital decay and forget:
* 90% of (p_estcpu) usage in 5 * loadav time
* 95% of (p_pctcpu) usage in 60 seconds (load insensitive)
* Note that, as ps(1) mentions, this can let percentages
* total over 100% (I've seen 137.9% for 3 processes).
*
* Note that hardclock updates p_estcpu and p_cpticks independently.
*
* We wish to decay away 90% of p_estcpu in (5 * loadavg) seconds.
* That is, the system wants to compute a value of decay such
* that the following for loop:
* for (i = 0; i < (5 * loadavg); i++)
* p_estcpu *= decay;
* will compute
* p_estcpu *= 0.1;
* for all values of loadavg:
*
* Mathematically this loop can be expressed by saying:
* decay ** (5 * loadavg) ~= .1
*
* The system computes decay as:
* decay = (2 * loadavg) / (2 * loadavg + 1)
*
* We wish to prove that the system's computation of decay
* will always fulfill the equation:
* decay ** (5 * loadavg) ~= .1
*
* If we compute b as:
* b = 2 * loadavg
* then
* decay = b / (b + 1)
*
* We now need to prove two things:
* 1) Given factor ** (5 * loadavg) ~= .1, prove factor == b/(b+1)
* 2) Given b/(b+1) ** power ~= .1, prove power == (5 * loadavg)
*
* Facts:
* For x close to zero, exp(x) =~ 1 + x, since
* exp(x) = 0! + x**1/1! + x**2/2! + ... .
* therefore exp(-1/b) =~ 1 - (1/b) = (b-1)/b.
* For x close to zero, ln(1+x) =~ x, since
* ln(1+x) = x - x**2/2 + x**3/3 - ... -1 < x < 1
* therefore ln(b/(b+1)) = ln(1 - 1/(b+1)) =~ -1/(b+1).
* ln(.1) =~ -2.30
*
* Proof of (1):
* Solve (factor)**(power) =~ .1 given power (5*loadav):
* solving for factor,
* ln(factor) =~ (-2.30/5*loadav), or
* factor =~ exp(-1/((5/2.30)*loadav)) =~ exp(-1/(2*loadav)) =
* exp(-1/b) =~ (b-1)/b =~ b/(b+1). QED
*
* Proof of (2):
* Solve (factor)**(power) =~ .1 given factor == (b/(b+1)):
* solving for power,
* power*ln(b/(b+1)) =~ -2.30, or
* power =~ 2.3 * (b + 1) = 4.6*loadav + 2.3 =~ 5*loadav. QED
*
* Actual power values for the implemented algorithm are as follows:
* loadav: 1 2 3 4
* power: 5.68 10.32 14.94 19.55
*/
/* calculations for digital decay to forget 90% of usage in 5*loadav sec */
#define loadfactor(loadav) (2 * (loadav))
static fixpt_t
decay_cpu(fixpt_t loadfac, fixpt_t estcpu)
{
if (estcpu == 0) {
return 0;
}
#if !defined(_LP64)
/* avoid 64bit arithmetics. */
#define FIXPT_MAX ((fixpt_t)((UINTMAX_C(1) << sizeof(fixpt_t) * CHAR_BIT) - 1))
if (__predict_true(loadfac <= FIXPT_MAX / ESTCPU_MAX)) {
return estcpu * loadfac / (loadfac + FSCALE);
}
#endif /* !defined(_LP64) */
return (uint64_t)estcpu * loadfac / (loadfac + FSCALE);
}
/*
* For all load averages >= 1 and max p_estcpu of (255 << ESTCPU_SHIFT),
* sleeping for at least seven times the loadfactor will decay p_estcpu to
* less than (1 << ESTCPU_SHIFT).
*
* note that our ESTCPU_MAX is actually much smaller than (255 << ESTCPU_SHIFT).
*/
static fixpt_t
decay_cpu_batch(fixpt_t loadfac, fixpt_t estcpu, unsigned int n)
{
if ((n << FSHIFT) >= 7 * loadfac) {
return 0;
}
while (estcpu != 0 && n > 1) {
estcpu = decay_cpu(loadfac, estcpu);
n--;
}
return estcpu;
}
/*
* sched_pstats_hook:
*
* Periodically called from sched_pstats(); used to recalculate priorities.
*/
void
sched_pstats_hook(struct proc *p, int minslp)
{
struct lwp *l;
fixpt_t loadfac = loadfactor(averunnable.ldavg[0]);
/*
* If the process has slept the entire second,
* stop recalculating its priority until it wakes up.
*/
if (minslp <= 1) {
p->p_estcpu = decay_cpu(loadfac, p->p_estcpu);
LIST_FOREACH(l, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
if ((l->l_flag & LW_IDLE) != 0)
continue;
lwp_lock(l);
if (l->l_slptime <= 1 && l->l_priority >= PUSER)
resetpriority(l);
lwp_unlock(l);
}
}
}
/*
* Recalculate the priority of a process after it has slept for a while.
*/
static void
updatepri(struct lwp *l)
{
struct proc *p = l->l_proc;
fixpt_t loadfac;
KASSERT(lwp_locked(l, NULL));
KASSERT(l->l_slptime > 1);
loadfac = loadfactor(averunnable.ldavg[0]);
l->l_slptime--; /* the first time was done in sched_pstats */
/* XXX NJWLWP */
/* XXXSMP occasionally unlocked, should be per-LWP */
p->p_estcpu = decay_cpu_batch(loadfac, p->p_estcpu, l->l_slptime);
resetpriority(l);
}
/*
* On some architectures, it's faster to use a MSB ordering for the priorites
* than the traditional LSB ordering.
*/
#define RQMASK(n) (0x00000001 << (n))
/*
* The primitives that manipulate the run queues. whichqs tells which
* of the 32 queues qs have processes in them. sched_enqueue() puts processes
* into queues, sched_dequeue removes them from queues. The running process is
* on no queue, other processes are on a queue related to p->p_priority,
* divided by 4 actually to shrink the 0-127 range of priorities into the 32
* available queues.
*/
#ifdef RQDEBUG
static void
runqueue_check(const runqueue_t *rq, int whichq, struct lwp *l)
{
const subqueue_t * const sq = &rq->rq_subqueues[whichq];
const uint32_t bitmap = rq->rq_bitmap;
struct lwp *l2;
int found = 0;
int die = 0;
int empty = 1;
TAILQ_FOREACH(l2, &sq->sq_queue, l_runq) {
if (l2->l_stat != LSRUN) {
printf("runqueue_check[%d]: lwp %p state (%d) "
" != LSRUN\n", whichq, l2, l2->l_stat);
}
if (l2 == l)
found = 1;
empty = 0;
}
if (empty && (bitmap & RQMASK(whichq)) != 0) {
printf("runqueue_check[%d]: bit set for empty run-queue %p\n",
whichq, rq);
die = 1;
} else if (!empty && (bitmap & RQMASK(whichq)) == 0) {
printf("runqueue_check[%d]: bit clear for non-empty "
"run-queue %p\n", whichq, rq);
die = 1;
}
if (l != NULL && (bitmap & RQMASK(whichq)) == 0) {
printf("runqueue_check[%d]: bit clear for active lwp %p\n",
whichq, l);
die = 1;
}
if (l != NULL && empty) {
printf("runqueue_check[%d]: empty run-queue %p with "
"active lwp %p\n", whichq, rq, l);
die = 1;
}
if (l != NULL && !found) {
printf("runqueue_check[%d]: lwp %p not in runqueue %p!",
whichq, l, rq);
die = 1;
}
if (die)
panic("runqueue_check: inconsistency found");
}
#else /* RQDEBUG */
#define runqueue_check(a, b, c) /* nothing */
#endif /* RQDEBUG */
static void
runqueue_init(runqueue_t *rq)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < RUNQUE_NQS; i++)
TAILQ_INIT(&rq->rq_subqueues[i].sq_queue);
}
static void
runqueue_enqueue(runqueue_t *rq, struct lwp *l)
{
subqueue_t *sq;
const int whichq = lwp_eprio(l) / PPQ;
KASSERT(lwp_locked(l, l->l_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_mutex));
runqueue_check(rq, whichq, NULL);
rq->rq_bitmap |= RQMASK(whichq);
sq = &rq->rq_subqueues[whichq];
TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sq->sq_queue, l, l_runq);
runqueue_check(rq, whichq, l);
}
static void
runqueue_dequeue(runqueue_t *rq, struct lwp *l)
{
subqueue_t *sq;
const int whichq = lwp_eprio(l) / PPQ;
KASSERT(lwp_locked(l, l->l_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_mutex));
runqueue_check(rq, whichq, l);
KASSERT((rq->rq_bitmap & RQMASK(whichq)) != 0);
sq = &rq->rq_subqueues[whichq];
TAILQ_REMOVE(&sq->sq_queue, l, l_runq);
if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&sq->sq_queue))
rq->rq_bitmap &= ~RQMASK(whichq);
runqueue_check(rq, whichq, NULL);
}
static struct lwp *
runqueue_nextlwp(runqueue_t *rq)
{
const uint32_t bitmap = rq->rq_bitmap;
int whichq;
if (bitmap == 0) {
return NULL;
}
whichq = ffs(bitmap) - 1;
return TAILQ_FIRST(&rq->rq_subqueues[whichq].sq_queue);
}
#if defined(DDB)
static void
runqueue_print(const runqueue_t *rq, void (*pr)(const char *, ...))
{
const uint32_t bitmap = rq->rq_bitmap;
struct lwp *l;
int i, first;
for (i = 0; i < RUNQUE_NQS; i++) {
const subqueue_t *sq;
first = 1;
sq = &rq->rq_subqueues[i];
TAILQ_FOREACH(l, &sq->sq_queue, l_runq) {
if (first) {
(*pr)("%c%d",
(bitmap & RQMASK(i)) ? ' ' : '!', i);
first = 0;
}
(*pr)("\t%d.%d (%s) pri=%d usrpri=%d\n",
l->l_proc->p_pid,
l->l_lid, l->l_proc->p_comm,
(int)l->l_priority, (int)l->l_usrpri);
}
}
}
#endif /* defined(DDB) */
#undef RQMASK
/*
* Initialize the (doubly-linked) run queues
* to be empty.
*/
void
sched_rqinit()
{
runqueue_init(&global_queue);
mutex_init(&sched_mutex, MUTEX_SPIN, IPL_SCHED);
/* Initialize the lock pointer for lwp0 */
lwp0.l_mutex = &curcpu()->ci_schedstate.spc_lwplock;
}
void
sched_cpuattach(struct cpu_info *ci)
{
runqueue_t *rq;
ci->ci_schedstate.spc_mutex = &sched_mutex;
rq = kmem_zalloc(sizeof(*rq), KM_NOSLEEP);
runqueue_init(rq);
ci->ci_schedstate.spc_sched_info = rq;
}
void
sched_setup()
{
rrticks = hz / 10;
}
void
sched_setrunnable(struct lwp *l)
{
if (l->l_slptime > 1)
updatepri(l);
}
bool
sched_curcpu_runnable_p(void)
{
runqueue_t *rq = curcpu()->ci_schedstate.spc_sched_info;
return (global_queue.rq_bitmap | rq->rq_bitmap) != 0;
}
void
sched_nice(struct proc *chgp, int n)
{
chgp->p_nice = n;
(void)resetprocpriority(chgp);
}
/*
* Compute the priority of a process when running in user mode.
* Arrange to reschedule if the resulting priority is better
* than that of the current process.
*/
static void
resetpriority(struct lwp *l)
{
unsigned int newpriority;
struct proc *p = l->l_proc;
/* XXXSMP LOCK_ASSERT(mutex_owned(&p->p_stmutex)); */
LOCK_ASSERT(lwp_locked(l, NULL));
if ((l->l_flag & LW_SYSTEM) != 0)
return;
newpriority = PUSER + (p->p_estcpu >> ESTCPU_SHIFT) +
NICE_WEIGHT * (p->p_nice - NZERO);
newpriority = min(newpriority, MAXPRI);
lwp_changepri(l, newpriority);
}
/*
* Recompute priority for all LWPs in a process.
*/
static void
resetprocpriority(struct proc *p)
{
struct lwp *l;
KASSERT(mutex_owned(&p->p_stmutex));
LIST_FOREACH(l, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
lwp_lock(l);
resetpriority(l);
lwp_unlock(l);
}
}
/*
* We adjust the priority of the current process. The priority of a process
* gets worse as it accumulates CPU time. The CPU usage estimator (p_estcpu)
* is increased here. The formula for computing priorities (in kern_synch.c)
* will compute a different value each time p_estcpu increases. This can
* cause a switch, but unless the priority crosses a PPQ boundary the actual
* queue will not change. The CPU usage estimator ramps up quite quickly
* when the process is running (linearly), and decays away exponentially, at
* a rate which is proportionally slower when the system is busy. The basic
* principle is that the system will 90% forget that the process used a lot
* of CPU time in 5 * loadav seconds. This causes the system to favor
* processes which haven't run much recently, and to round-robin among other
* processes.
*/
void
sched_schedclock(struct lwp *l)
{
struct proc *p = l->l_proc;
KASSERT(!CURCPU_IDLE_P());
mutex_spin_enter(&p->p_stmutex);
p->p_estcpu = ESTCPULIM(p->p_estcpu + (1 << ESTCPU_SHIFT));
lwp_lock(l);
resetpriority(l);
mutex_spin_exit(&p->p_stmutex);
if ((l->l_flag & LW_SYSTEM) == 0 && l->l_priority >= PUSER)
l->l_priority = l->l_usrpri;
lwp_unlock(l);
}
/*
* sched_proc_fork:
*
* Inherit the parent's scheduler history.
*/
void
sched_proc_fork(struct proc *parent, struct proc *child)
{
KASSERT(mutex_owned(&parent->p_smutex));
child->p_estcpu = child->p_estcpu_inherited = parent->p_estcpu;
child->p_forktime = sched_pstats_ticks;
}
/*
* sched_proc_exit:
*
* Chargeback parents for the sins of their children.
*/
void
sched_proc_exit(struct proc *parent, struct proc *child)
{
fixpt_t loadfac = loadfactor(averunnable.ldavg[0]);
fixpt_t estcpu;
/* XXX Only if parent != init?? */
mutex_spin_enter(&parent->p_stmutex);
estcpu = decay_cpu_batch(loadfac, child->p_estcpu_inherited,
sched_pstats_ticks - child->p_forktime);
if (child->p_estcpu > estcpu)
parent->p_estcpu =
ESTCPULIM(parent->p_estcpu + child->p_estcpu - estcpu);
mutex_spin_exit(&parent->p_stmutex);
}
void
sched_enqueue(struct lwp *l, bool ctxswitch)
{
if ((l->l_flag & LW_BOUND) != 0)
runqueue_enqueue(l->l_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_sched_info, l);
else
runqueue_enqueue(&global_queue, l);
}
/*
* XXXSMP When LWP dispatch (cpu_switch()) is changed to use sched_dequeue(),
* drop of the effective priority level from kernel to user needs to be
* moved here from userret(). The assignment in userret() is currently
* done unlocked.
*/
void
sched_dequeue(struct lwp *l)
{
if ((l->l_flag & LW_BOUND) != 0)
runqueue_dequeue(l->l_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_sched_info, l);
else
runqueue_dequeue(&global_queue, l);
}
struct lwp *
sched_nextlwp(void)
{
lwp_t *l1, *l2;
/* For now, just pick the highest priority LWP. */
l1 = runqueue_nextlwp(curcpu()->ci_schedstate.spc_sched_info);
l2 = runqueue_nextlwp(&global_queue);
if (l1 == NULL)
return l2;
if (l2 == NULL)
return l1;
if (lwp_eprio(l2) < lwp_eprio(l1))
return l2;
else
return l1;
}
/* Dummy */
void
sched_lwp_fork(struct lwp *l)
{
}
void
sched_lwp_exit(struct lwp *l)
{
}
/* SysCtl */
SYSCTL_SETUP(sysctl_sched_setup, "sysctl kern.sched subtree setup")
{
const struct sysctlnode *node = NULL;
sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, NULL,
CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
CTLTYPE_NODE, "kern", NULL,
NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
CTL_KERN, CTL_EOL);
sysctl_createv(clog, 0, NULL, &node,
CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
CTLTYPE_NODE, "sched",
SYSCTL_DESCR("Scheduler options"),
NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
CTL_KERN, CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
if (node != NULL) {
sysctl_createv(clog, 0, &node, NULL,
CTLFLAG_PERMANENT,
CTLTYPE_STRING, "name", NULL,
NULL, 0, __UNCONST("4.4BSD"), 0,
CTL_CREATE, CTL_EOL);
}
}
#if defined(DDB)
void
sched_print_runqueue(void (*pr)(const char *, ...))
{
runqueue_print(&global_queue, pr);
}
#endif /* defined(DDB) */