450 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
450 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
.\" Copyright (c) 1980 The Regents of the University of California.
|
|
.\" All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)puman1.n 6.2 (Berkeley) 4/17/91
|
|
.\"
|
|
.if !\n(xx \{\
|
|
.so tmac.p \}
|
|
.if n 'ND
|
|
'nr H1 0
|
|
.NH
|
|
Sources of information
|
|
.PP
|
|
This section lists the resources available
|
|
for information about
|
|
general features of
|
|
.UX ,
|
|
text editing,
|
|
the Pascal language,
|
|
and the
|
|
.UP
|
|
implementation,
|
|
concluding with a list of references.
|
|
The available documents include both so-called standard documents \-
|
|
those distributed with all
|
|
.UX
|
|
system \-
|
|
and documents (such as this one) written at Berkeley.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Where to get documentation
|
|
.PP
|
|
Current documentation for most of the
|
|
.UX
|
|
system is available ``on line'' at your terminal.
|
|
Details on getting such documentation interactively are given
|
|
in section 1.3.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Documentation describing UNIX
|
|
.PP
|
|
The following documents are those recommended as tutorial and
|
|
reference material about the
|
|
.UX
|
|
system.
|
|
We give the documents with the introductory and tutorial materials
|
|
first, the reference materials last.
|
|
.SH
|
|
UNIX For Beginners \- Second Edition
|
|
.PP
|
|
This document is the basic tutorial for
|
|
.UX
|
|
available with the standard system.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Communicating with UNIX
|
|
.PP
|
|
This is also a basic tutorial on the system and assumes
|
|
no previous familiarity
|
|
with computers; it was written at Berkeley.
|
|
.SH
|
|
An introduction to the C shell
|
|
.PP
|
|
This document introduces
|
|
.I csh,
|
|
the shell in common use at Berkeley, and provides a good deal of general
|
|
description about the way in which the system functions.
|
|
It provides a useful glossary of terms used in discussing the system.
|
|
.SH
|
|
UNIX Programmer's Manual
|
|
.PP
|
|
This manual is the major source of details on the components of the
|
|
.UX
|
|
system.
|
|
It consists of an Introduction,
|
|
a permuted index,
|
|
and eight command sections.
|
|
Section 1 consists of descriptions of most of the ``commands''
|
|
of
|
|
.UX .
|
|
Most of the other sections have limited relevance to the user
|
|
of
|
|
Berkeley
|
|
Pascal, being of interest mainly to system programmers.
|
|
.PP
|
|
U\s-2NIX\s0
|
|
documentation often refers the reader to sections of the manual.
|
|
Such a reference consists of a command name and a section number or name.
|
|
An example of such a reference would be:
|
|
.I ed
|
|
(1).
|
|
Here
|
|
.I ed
|
|
is a command name \- the standard
|
|
.UX
|
|
text editor, and `(1)' indicates that its documentation is in section 1 of the
|
|
manual.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The pieces of the
|
|
Berkeley
|
|
Pascal system are
|
|
.I pi
|
|
(1),
|
|
.X
|
|
(1),
|
|
the combined Pascal translator and interpretive executor
|
|
.IX
|
|
(1),
|
|
the Pascal compiler
|
|
.PC
|
|
(1),
|
|
the Pascal execution profiler
|
|
.XP
|
|
(1),
|
|
and
|
|
the Pascal cross-reference generator
|
|
.I pxref
|
|
(1).
|
|
.PP
|
|
It is possible to obtain a copy of a manual section
|
|
by using the
|
|
.I man
|
|
(1) command.
|
|
To get the Pascal documentation just described one could issue the
|
|
command:
|
|
.LS
|
|
% \*bman pi\fP
|
|
.LE
|
|
to the shell.
|
|
The user input here is shown in
|
|
.B "bold face" ;
|
|
the `% ',
|
|
which was printed by the shell as a prompt,
|
|
is not.
|
|
Similarly the command:
|
|
.LS
|
|
% \*bman man\fP
|
|
.LE
|
|
asks the
|
|
.I man
|
|
command to describe itself.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Text editing documents
|
|
.PP
|
|
The following documents introduce the various
|
|
.UX
|
|
text editors.
|
|
Most Berkeley users use a version of the text editor
|
|
.I ex;
|
|
either
|
|
.I edit,
|
|
which is a version of
|
|
.I ex
|
|
for new and casual users,
|
|
.I ex
|
|
itself,
|
|
or
|
|
.I vi
|
|
(visual) which focuses on the display editing portion of
|
|
.I ex.
|
|
.SH
|
|
A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor
|
|
.PP
|
|
This document, written by Brian Kernighan of Bell Laboratories,
|
|
is a tutorial for the standard
|
|
.UX
|
|
text editor
|
|
.I ed.
|
|
It introduces you to the basics of text editing,
|
|
and provides enough information to meet day-to-day editing needs,
|
|
for
|
|
.I ed
|
|
users.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Edit: A tutorial
|
|
.PP
|
|
This introduces the use of
|
|
.I edit,
|
|
an editor similar to
|
|
.I ed
|
|
which provides a more hospitable environment for beginning users.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Ex/edit Command Summary
|
|
.PP
|
|
This summarizes the features of the editors
|
|
.I ex
|
|
and
|
|
.I edit
|
|
in a concise form. If you have used a line oriented editor before
|
|
this summary alone may be enough to get you started.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.7
|
|
.PP
|
|
A complete reference on the features of
|
|
.I ex
|
|
and
|
|
.I edit.
|
|
.SH
|
|
An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi
|
|
.PP
|
|
.I Vi
|
|
is a display oriented text editor. It can be used on most any \s-2CRT\s0
|
|
terminal,
|
|
and uses the screen as a window into the file you are editing. Changes
|
|
you make to the file are reflected in what you see. This manual serves
|
|
both as an introduction to editing with
|
|
.I vi
|
|
and a reference manual.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Vi Quick Reference
|
|
.PP
|
|
This reference card is a handy quick guide to
|
|
.I vi;
|
|
you should get one when you get the introduction to
|
|
.I vi.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Pascal documents \- The language
|
|
.PP
|
|
This section describes the documents on the Pascal language
|
|
which are likely to be most useful to the
|
|
Berkeley
|
|
Pascal user.
|
|
Complete references for these documents are given in section 1.7.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Pascal User Manual
|
|
.PP
|
|
By Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth, the
|
|
.I "User Manual"
|
|
provides a tutorial introduction to the features
|
|
of the language Pascal,
|
|
and serves as an excellent quick-reference to the language.
|
|
The reader with no familiarity with Algol-like languages
|
|
may prefer one of the Pascal text books listed below,
|
|
as they provide more examples and explanation.
|
|
Particularly important here are pages 116-118 which define the syntax
|
|
of the language.
|
|
Sections 13 and 14 and Appendix F pertain only to the
|
|
6000-3.4 implementation of Pascal.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Pascal Report
|
|
.PP
|
|
By Niklaus Wirth, this document is bound with the
|
|
.I "User Manual."
|
|
It is the guiding reference for implementors and the fundamental
|
|
definition of the language.
|
|
Some programmers find this report too concise to be of practical use,
|
|
preferring the
|
|
.I "User Manual"
|
|
as a reference.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Books on Pascal
|
|
.PP
|
|
Several good books which teach Pascal or use it as a medium are
|
|
available.
|
|
The books by Wirth
|
|
.I "Systematic Programming"
|
|
and
|
|
.I "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs"
|
|
use Pascal as a vehicle for teaching programming and data structure
|
|
concepts respectively.
|
|
They are both recommended.
|
|
Other books on Pascal are listed in the references below.
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
Pascal documents \- The Berkeley Implementation
|
|
.PP
|
|
This section describes the documentation which is available
|
|
describing the
|
|
Berkeley
|
|
implementation of Pascal.
|
|
.SH
|
|
User's Manual
|
|
.PP
|
|
The document you are reading is the
|
|
.I "User's Manual"
|
|
for
|
|
.UP .
|
|
We often refer the reader to the
|
|
Jensen-Wirth
|
|
.I "User Manual"
|
|
mentioned above,
|
|
a different document with a similar name.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Manual sections
|
|
.PP
|
|
The sections relating to Pascal in the
|
|
.I "UNIX Programmer's Manual"
|
|
are
|
|
.IX
|
|
(1),
|
|
.PI
|
|
(1),
|
|
.PC
|
|
(1),
|
|
.X
|
|
(1),
|
|
.I pxp
|
|
(1),
|
|
and
|
|
.I pxref
|
|
(1).
|
|
These sections give a description of each program,
|
|
summarize the available options,
|
|
indicate files used by the program,
|
|
give basic information on the diagnostics produced
|
|
and include a list of known bugs.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Implementation notes
|
|
.PP
|
|
For those interested in the internal organization of the
|
|
Berkeley
|
|
Pascal system there are a series of
|
|
.I "Implementation Notes"
|
|
describing these details.
|
|
The
|
|
.I "Berkeley Pascal PXP Implementation Notes"
|
|
describe the Pascal interpreter
|
|
.X \|;
|
|
and the
|
|
.I "Berkeley Pascal PX Implementation Notes"
|
|
describe the structure of the
|
|
execution profiler
|
|
.I pxp .
|
|
.br
|
|
.ne 8
|
|
.NH 2
|
|
References
|
|
.de re
|
|
.sp
|
|
.IP
|
|
'nf
|
|
..
|
|
.SH
|
|
UNIX Documents
|
|
.re
|
|
.I "Communicating With UNIX"
|
|
Computer Center
|
|
University of California, Berkeley
|
|
January, 1978.
|
|
.re
|
|
Ricki Blau and James Joyce
|
|
.I "Edit: a tutorial"
|
|
UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 14
|
|
University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
|
|
April, 1986.
|
|
.re
|
|
.I "Ex/edit Command Summary"
|
|
Computer Center
|
|
University of California, Berkeley
|
|
August, 1978.
|
|
.re
|
|
William Joy
|
|
.I "Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.7"
|
|
UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 16
|
|
University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
|
|
April, 1986.
|
|
.re
|
|
William Joy
|
|
.I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi"
|
|
UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 15
|
|
University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
|
|
April, 1986.
|
|
.re
|
|
William Joy
|
|
.I "An Introduction to the C shell (Revised)"
|
|
UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 4
|
|
University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
|
|
April, 1986.
|
|
.re
|
|
Brian W. Kernighan
|
|
.I "UNIX for Beginners \- Second Edition"
|
|
UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 1
|
|
University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
|
|
April, 1986.
|
|
.re
|
|
Brian W. Kernighan
|
|
.I "A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor"
|
|
UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 12
|
|
University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
|
|
April, 1986.
|
|
.re
|
|
Dennis M. Ritchie and Ken Thompson
|
|
.I "The UNIX Time Sharing System"
|
|
Reprinted from Communications of the ACM July 1974 in
|
|
UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 (PS2), 1
|
|
University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
|
|
April, 1986.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Pascal Language Documents
|
|
.re
|
|
Cooper and Clancy
|
|
.I "Oh! Pascal!, 2nd Edition"
|
|
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
|
|
500 Fifth Ave., NY, NY. 10110
|
|
1985, 475 pp.
|
|
.re
|
|
Cooper
|
|
.I "Standard Pascal User Reference Manual"
|
|
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
|
|
500 Fifth Ave., NY, NY. 10110
|
|
1983, 176 pp.
|
|
.re
|
|
Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth
|
|
.I "Pascal \- User Manual and Report"
|
|
Springer-Verlag, New York.
|
|
1975, 167 pp.
|
|
.re
|
|
Niklaus Wirth
|
|
.I "Algorithms + Data structures = Programs"
|
|
Prentice-Hall, New York.
|
|
1976, 366 pp.
|
|
.SH
|
|
Berkeley Pascal documents
|
|
.PP
|
|
The following documents are available from the Computer Center Library
|
|
at the University of California, Berkeley.
|
|
.nf
|
|
.re
|
|
William N. Joy
|
|
.I "Berkeley Pascal PX Implementation Notes"
|
|
Version 1.1, April 1979.
|
|
(Vax-11 Version 2.0 By Kirk McKusick, December, 1979)
|
|
.re
|
|
William N. Joy
|
|
.I "Berkeley Pascal PXP Implementation Notes"
|
|
Version 1.1, April 1979.
|