9ff1f2ac94
--- MAJOR NEW FEATURES --- * man.conf(5): Design and implement a simpler configuration file format. * man(1): Leverage less(1) -T and :t in a way resembling ctags(1) to jump to the definitions of various terms inside manual pages. * soelim(1): New implementation by Baptiste Daroussin. * privilege limitation: Use OpenBSD pledge(2) or OS X sandbox_init(3) when available. * man.cgi(8): Support short URIs like http://man.openbsd.org/mdoc . * mandoc.css: Use one unified stylesheet rather than three different ones. --- MAJOR FUNCTIONALLY RELEVANT BUGFIXES --- * mdoc(7): Fix multiple aspects of SYNOPSIS .Nm formatting. * man(1): Fix process group handling, avoiding unclean shutdowns. --- PORTABILITY IMPROVEMENTS --- * Correctly use the ohash(3) compatibility implementation even when building without SQLite support. * Add compat glue for building on Solaris 9 and 10. * Let ./configure select a supported RE syntax for word boundaries. * Support LDFLAGS, to be used for example for hardening options. * Avoid mixing putchar(3) and putwchar(3) on the same file descriptor, it resulted in output corruption on some platforms. * Avoid reusing va_lists, use va_copy(3) for better portability. * Do not hardcode the path to the more(1) program. --- MINOR NEW FEATURES --- * roff(7): Implement \n(.$ (number of macro arguments). * roff(7): Fully implement \z (do not advance cursor). * roff(7): Implement the `r' conditional (register exists). * roff(7): Implement \\$* (interpolate all arguments). * roff(7): Parse and ignore \, and \/ (italic corrections). * When there is no -m, no -M, no MANPATH and no /etc/man.conf, fall back to /usr/share/man:/usr/X11R6/man:/usr/local/man. * man(1): Give manuals in purely numerical sections priority over manuals of the same name in sections with an alphabetical suffix. * man.cgi(8): Support "header.html" and "footer.html". * man.cgi(8): Set the "autofocus" attribute on the query text box. * man.cgi(8): Simplify the search form, drop two useless buttons. * man.cgi(8): Delete the pseudo-manpath "mandoc", assume that apropos(1) and man.cgi(8) are installed in the default manpath. --- RELIABILITY BUGFIXES --- * mdoc(7): Avoid a use after free and an assertion failure when nodes are deleted during validation. * mdoc(7): Avoid a NULL pointer access when .Bd has no arguments. * mdoc(7): Avoid a NULL pointer access triggered by mismatching end macros. * mdoc(7): Avoid an assertion when .Fo has no argument. * mdoc(7): Avoid an assertion when .Ta<tab> occurs in .Bl -column. * mdoc(7): Avoid an assertion when a body gets broken and has a tail. * roff(7): Avoid an assertion caused by blanks inside \o. * roff(7): Make .so links to gziped manuals work without mandoc.db(5). * tbl(7): Avoid a use after free when the last line of a layout is empty. * eqn(7): Avoid an infinite loop caused by recursive "define". * makewhatis(8): Avoid a segfault caused by unusual directory structures. * Fix handling of leading, trailing, and double colons in MANPATH and -m. --- MINOR BUGFIXES --- * mdoc(7): Put arguments to end macros of broken partial explicit blocks inside the breaking block. * mdoc(7): Let .Dv force normal font. * mdoc(7): Make trailing whitespace significant in .Bl -tag widths. * mdoc(7): Fix macro interpretation around tabs in .Bl -column. * man(7): Use the default width for .RS without arguments. * man(7): On a new RS nesting level, the saved width starts from the default width, not from the saved width of the previous level. * man(7): Allow .PD in next-line scope. * man(7): Improve handling of empty .HP. * man(7): Improve formatting of .br and .sp inside .HP. * man(7): Do not mistreat empty arguments to font alternating macros as vertical spacing requests. * man(7): Allow fill mode changes in tagged paragraph next-line scope. * man(7): Fix minor bugs in block rewinding and simplify the related code. * man(7): Add missing line breaks before subsection headers. * man(7): Give section and subsection headers hanging indentation. * man(7): Make trailing whitespace significant in .TP widths. * roff(7): Don't allow breaking the output line after hyphens that immediately follow escape sequences. * roff(7): Ignore blank characters at the beginning of conditional blocks. * roff(7): Escape breakable hyphens only after handling input line traps. * roff(7): Reject \[uD800] to \[uDFFF] (surrogates) in the parser. * tbl(7): Allow more than one data field after T} on the same input line. * terminal output: Apply bold and italic to non-ASCII Unicode codepoints. * terminal output: Improve rounding rules for horizontal scaling widths. * HTML output: Render ASCII_NBRSP as " ", not "-". * man(1): Do not match the first part of a name if it continues with a dot. * man(1): Keep working even if the current directory is unusable. * man(1): Better error message when $PAGER is invalid. * makewhatis(8): Improve handling of .Va and .Vt macros. * apropos(1): Print "nothing appropriate" to stderr when appropriate. * apropos(1): Abort with a useful error message when elementary database operations like preparing queries or binding variables fail. --- STRUCTURAL CHANGES, no functional change --- * mdoc(7) and man(7): Unified data structures struct roff_node etc. * mdoc(7) and man(7): Unified node handling library in roff.c. * mdoc(7) and man(7): Seperate validation phase from parsing. * roff(7): Major character table cleanup. * Link with libz rather than forking gunzip(1). --- THANKS TO --- * Baptiste Daroussin (FreeBSD) for the new soelim(1) and for release testing. * Anthony Bentley (OpenBSD) for unifying mandoc.css, two nice patches for man.cgi(8), some documentation patches, some bug reports, and various useful discussions. * Todd Miller (OpenBSD) for lots of help with process group and signal handling, a few patches, some bug reports and some useful discussions. * Jonathan Gray (OpenBSD) for yet more testing with afl(1) again resulting in more than half a dozen important bug reports. * Svyatoslav Mishyn (Crux Linux) for some patches, several bug reports, and extensive release testing. * Christian Neukirchen (void Linux) for a number of compatibility patches and suggestions and several bug reports. * Christos Zoulas (NetBSD) for a bug fix patch and some useful suggestions for cleanup. * Florian Obser (OpenBSD) for a bugfix patch and some bug reports. * Sevan Janiyan for help with Solaris compatibility and release testing on many platforms. * Jan Holzhueter and OpenCSW in general for help with Solaris compatibility, and for providing me with a Solaris 9/10/11 testing environment. * Michael McConville (OpenBSD) for some simple cleanup patches. * Thomas Klausner (NetBSD) for some bug reports and release testing. * Christian Weisgerber, Dmitrij Czarkoff, Igor Sobrado, Ken Westerback, Marc Espie, Mike Belopuhov, Rafael Neves, Ted Unangst, Tim van der Molen, Theo Buehler, Theo de Raadt (OpenBSD), Kurt Jaeger, Dag Erling Smoergrav (FreeBSD), Joerg Sonnenberger (NetBSD), Carsten Kunze (Heirloom troff), Daniel Levai, Fabian Raetz, Jan Stary, Jean-Yves Migeon, Lorenzo Beretta, Markus Waldeck, Maxim Belooussov, Michael Reed, Peter Bray, and Serguey Parkhomovsky for bug reports and feature suggestions. * Alexander Hall, Andrew Fresh, Antoine Jacoutot, Doug Hogan, Jason McIntyre, Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse, Kent Spillner, Nicholas Marriott, Peter Hessler, Sebastien Marie, Stefan Sperling, and Theo de Raadt (OpenBSD) for helpful discussions and feedback.
766 lines
26 KiB
Groff
766 lines
26 KiB
Groff
.\" Id: mandoc_char.7,v 1.63 2015/09/02 15:38:35 schwarze Exp
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2003 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2011, 2013, 2015 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
|
|
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
|
|
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
|
|
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
|
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
|
|
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
|
|
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
|
|
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
|
|
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd September 2, 2015
|
|
.Dt MANDOC_CHAR 7
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm mandoc_char
|
|
.Nd mandoc special characters
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
This page documents the
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
escape sequences accepted by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
to represent special characters in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
documents.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The rendering depends on the
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
output mode; in ASCII output, most characters are completely
|
|
unintelligible.
|
|
For that reason, using any of the special characters documented here,
|
|
except those discussed in the
|
|
.Sx DESCRIPTION ,
|
|
is strongly discouraged; they are supported merely for backwards
|
|
compatibility with existing documents.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In particular, in English manual pages, do not use special-character
|
|
escape sequences to represent national language characters in author
|
|
names; instead, provide ASCII transcriptions of the names.
|
|
.Ss Dashes and Hyphens
|
|
In typography there are different types of dashes of various width:
|
|
the hyphen (-),
|
|
the minus sign (\(mi),
|
|
the en-dash (\(en),
|
|
and the em-dash (\(em).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Hyphens are used for adjectives;
|
|
to separate the two parts of a compound word;
|
|
or to separate a word across two successive lines of text.
|
|
The hyphen does not need to be escaped:
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
blue-eyed
|
|
lorry-driver
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The mathematical minus sign is used for negative numbers or subtraction.
|
|
It should be written as
|
|
.Sq \e(mi :
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
a = 3 \e(mi 1;
|
|
b = \e(mi2;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The en-dash is used to separate the two elements of a range,
|
|
or can be used the same way as an em-dash.
|
|
It should be written as
|
|
.Sq \e(en :
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
pp. 95\e(en97.
|
|
Go away \e(en or else!
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The em-dash can be used to show an interruption
|
|
or can be used the same way as colons, semi-colons, or parentheses.
|
|
It should be written as
|
|
.Sq \e(em :
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
Three things \e(em apples, oranges, and bananas.
|
|
This is not that \e(em rather, this is that.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note:
|
|
hyphens, minus signs, and en-dashes look identical under normal ASCII output.
|
|
Other formats, such as PostScript, render them correctly,
|
|
with differing widths.
|
|
.Ss Spaces
|
|
To separate words in normal text, for indenting and alignment
|
|
in literal context, and when none of the following special cases apply,
|
|
just use the normal space character
|
|
.Pq Sq \ .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When filling text, output lines may be broken between words, i.e. at space
|
|
characters.
|
|
To prevent a line break between two particular words,
|
|
use the unpaddable non-breaking space escape sequence
|
|
.Pq Sq \e\ \&
|
|
instead of the normal space character.
|
|
For example, the input string
|
|
.Dq number\e\ 1
|
|
will be kept together as
|
|
.Dq number\ 1
|
|
on the same output line.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
On request and macro lines, the normal space character serves as an
|
|
argument delimiter.
|
|
To include whitespace into arguments, quoting is usually the best choice;
|
|
see the MACRO SYNTAX section in
|
|
.Xr roff 7 .
|
|
In some cases, using the non-breaking space escape sequence
|
|
.Pq Sq \e\ \&
|
|
may be preferable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To escape macro names and to protect whitespace at the end
|
|
of input lines, the zero-width space
|
|
.Pq Sq \e&
|
|
is often useful.
|
|
For example, in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 ,
|
|
a normal space character can be displayed in single quotes in either
|
|
of the following ways:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl .Sq \(dq \(dq
|
|
.Dl .Sq \e \e&
|
|
.Ss Quotes
|
|
On request and macro lines, the double-quote character
|
|
.Pq Sq \(dq
|
|
is handled specially to allow quoting.
|
|
One way to prevent this special handling is by using the
|
|
.Sq \e(dq
|
|
escape sequence.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that on text lines, literal double-quote characters can be used
|
|
verbatim.
|
|
All other quote-like characters can be used verbatim as well,
|
|
even on request and macro lines.
|
|
.Ss Accents
|
|
In output modes supporting such special output characters, for example
|
|
.Fl T Cm pdf ,
|
|
some
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
formatters convert the following ASCII input characters to the
|
|
following Unicode special output characters:
|
|
.Bl -column x(ga U+2018 -offset indent
|
|
.It \(ga Ta U+2018 Ta left single quotation mark
|
|
.It \(aq Ta U+2019 Ta right single quotation mark
|
|
.It \(ti Ta U+02DC Ta small tilde
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In prose, this automatic substitution is often desirable;
|
|
but when these characters have to be displayed as plain ASCII
|
|
characters, for example in source code samples, they require
|
|
escaping to render as follows:
|
|
.Bl -column x(ga U+2018 -offset indent
|
|
.It \e(ga Ta U+0060 Ta grave accent
|
|
.It \e(aq Ta U+0027 Ta apostrophe
|
|
.It \e(ti Ta U+007E Ta tilde
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Periods
|
|
The period
|
|
.Pq Sq \&.
|
|
is handled specially at the beginning of an input line,
|
|
where it introduces a
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
request or a macro, and when appearing alone as a macro argument in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 .
|
|
In such situations, prepend a zero-width space
|
|
.Pq Sq \e&.
|
|
to make it behave like normal text.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Do not use the
|
|
.Sq \e.
|
|
escape sequence.
|
|
It does not prevent special handling of the period.
|
|
.Ss Backslashes
|
|
To include a literal backslash
|
|
.Pq Sq \e
|
|
into the output, use the
|
|
.Pq Sq \ee
|
|
escape sequence.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that doubling it
|
|
.Pq Sq \e\e
|
|
is not the right way to output a backslash.
|
|
Because
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
does not implement full
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
functionality, it may work with
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
|
|
but it may have weird effects on complete
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
implementations.
|
|
.Sh SPECIAL CHARACTERS
|
|
Special characters are encoded as
|
|
.Sq \eX
|
|
.Pq for a one-character escape ,
|
|
.Sq \e(XX
|
|
.Pq two-character ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq \e[N]
|
|
.Pq N-character .
|
|
For details, see the
|
|
.Em Special Characters
|
|
subsection of the
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
manual.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Spacing:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Description
|
|
.It Sq \e\ \& Ta unpaddable non-breaking space
|
|
.It \e\(ti Ta paddable non-breaking space
|
|
.It \e0 Ta unpaddable, breaking digit-width space
|
|
.It \e| Ta one-sixth \e(em narrow space, zero width in nroff mode
|
|
.It \e^ Ta one-twelfth \e(em half-narrow space, zero width in nroff
|
|
.It \e& Ta zero-width space
|
|
.It \e% Ta zero-width space allowing hyphenation
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Lines:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(ba Ta \(ba Ta bar
|
|
.It \e(br Ta \(br Ta box rule
|
|
.It \e(ul Ta \(ul Ta underscore
|
|
.It \e(rn Ta \(rn Ta overline
|
|
.It \e(bb Ta \(bb Ta broken bar
|
|
.It \e(sl Ta \(sl Ta forward slash
|
|
.It \e(rs Ta \(rs Ta backward slash
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Text markers:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(ci Ta \(ci Ta circle
|
|
.It \e(bu Ta \(bu Ta bullet
|
|
.It \e(dd Ta \(dd Ta double dagger
|
|
.It \e(dg Ta \(dg Ta dagger
|
|
.It \e(lz Ta \(lz Ta lozenge
|
|
.It \e(sq Ta \(sq Ta white square
|
|
.It \e(ps Ta \(ps Ta paragraph
|
|
.It \e(sc Ta \(sc Ta section
|
|
.It \e(lh Ta \(lh Ta left hand
|
|
.It \e(rh Ta \(rh Ta right hand
|
|
.It \e(at Ta \(at Ta at
|
|
.It \e(sh Ta \(sh Ta hash (pound)
|
|
.It \e(CR Ta \(CR Ta carriage return
|
|
.It \e(OK Ta \(OK Ta check mark
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Legal symbols:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(co Ta \(co Ta copyright
|
|
.It \e(rg Ta \(rg Ta registered
|
|
.It \e(tm Ta \(tm Ta trademarked
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Punctuation:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(em Ta \(em Ta em-dash
|
|
.It \e(en Ta \(en Ta en-dash
|
|
.It \e(hy Ta \(hy Ta hyphen
|
|
.It \ee Ta \e Ta back-slash
|
|
.It \e. Ta \. Ta period
|
|
.It \e(r! Ta \(r! Ta upside-down exclamation
|
|
.It \e(r? Ta \(r? Ta upside-down question
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Quotes:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(Bq Ta \(Bq Ta right low double-quote
|
|
.It \e(bq Ta \(bq Ta right low single-quote
|
|
.It \e(lq Ta \(lq Ta left double-quote
|
|
.It \e(rq Ta \(rq Ta right double-quote
|
|
.It \e(oq Ta \(oq Ta left single-quote
|
|
.It \e(cq Ta \(cq Ta right single-quote
|
|
.It \e(aq Ta \(aq Ta apostrophe quote (text)
|
|
.It \e(dq Ta \(dq Ta double quote (text)
|
|
.It \e(Fo Ta \(Fo Ta left guillemet
|
|
.It \e(Fc Ta \(Fc Ta right guillemet
|
|
.It \e(fo Ta \(fo Ta left single guillemet
|
|
.It \e(fc Ta \(fc Ta right single guillemet
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Brackets:
|
|
.Bl -column "xxbracketrightbtx" Rendered Description -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(lB Ta \(lB Ta left bracket
|
|
.It \e(rB Ta \(rB Ta right bracket
|
|
.It \e(lC Ta \(lC Ta left brace
|
|
.It \e(rC Ta \(rC Ta right brace
|
|
.It \e(la Ta \(la Ta left angle
|
|
.It \e(ra Ta \(ra Ta right angle
|
|
.It \e(bv Ta \(bv Ta brace extension
|
|
.It \e[braceex] Ta \[braceex] Ta brace extension
|
|
.It \e[bracketlefttp] Ta \[bracketlefttp] Ta top-left hooked bracket
|
|
.It \e[bracketleftbt] Ta \[bracketleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked bracket
|
|
.It \e[bracketleftex] Ta \[bracketleftex] Ta left hooked bracket extension
|
|
.It \e[bracketrighttp] Ta \[bracketrighttp] Ta top-right hooked bracket
|
|
.It \e[bracketrightbt] Ta \[bracketrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked bracket
|
|
.It \e[bracketrightex] Ta \[bracketrightex] Ta right hooked bracket extension
|
|
.It \e(lt Ta \(lt Ta top-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[bracelefttp] Ta \[bracelefttp] Ta top-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e(lk Ta \(lk Ta mid-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[braceleftmid] Ta \[braceleftmid] Ta mid-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e(lb Ta \(lb Ta bottom-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[braceleftbt] Ta \[braceleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[braceleftex] Ta \[braceleftex] Ta left hooked brace extension
|
|
.It \e(rt Ta \(rt Ta top-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[bracerighttp] Ta \[bracerighttp] Ta top-right hooked brace
|
|
.It \e(rk Ta \(rk Ta mid-right hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[bracerightmid] Ta \[bracerightmid] Ta mid-right hooked brace
|
|
.It \e(rb Ta \(rb Ta bottom-right hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[bracerightbt] Ta \[bracerightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[bracerightex] Ta \[bracerightex] Ta right hooked brace extension
|
|
.It \e[parenlefttp] Ta \[parenlefttp] Ta top-left hooked parenthesis
|
|
.It \e[parenleftbt] Ta \[parenleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked parenthesis
|
|
.It \e[parenleftex] Ta \[parenleftex] Ta left hooked parenthesis extension
|
|
.It \e[parenrighttp] Ta \[parenrighttp] Ta top-right hooked parenthesis
|
|
.It \e[parenrightbt] Ta \[parenrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked parenthesis
|
|
.It \e[parenrightex] Ta \[parenrightex] Ta right hooked parenthesis extension
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Arrows:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(<- Ta \(<- Ta left arrow
|
|
.It \e(-> Ta \(-> Ta right arrow
|
|
.It \e(<> Ta \(<> Ta left-right arrow
|
|
.It \e(da Ta \(da Ta down arrow
|
|
.It \e(ua Ta \(ua Ta up arrow
|
|
.It \e(va Ta \(va Ta up-down arrow
|
|
.It \e(lA Ta \(lA Ta left double-arrow
|
|
.It \e(rA Ta \(rA Ta right double-arrow
|
|
.It \e(hA Ta \(hA Ta left-right double-arrow
|
|
.It \e(uA Ta \(uA Ta up double-arrow
|
|
.It \e(dA Ta \(dA Ta down double-arrow
|
|
.It \e(vA Ta \(vA Ta up-down double-arrow
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Logical:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(AN Ta \(AN Ta logical and
|
|
.It \e(OR Ta \(OR Ta logical or
|
|
.It \e(no Ta \(no Ta logical not
|
|
.It \e[tno] Ta \[tno] Ta logical not (text)
|
|
.It \e(te Ta \(te Ta existential quantifier
|
|
.It \e(fa Ta \(fa Ta universal quantifier
|
|
.It \e(st Ta \(st Ta such that
|
|
.It \e(tf Ta \(tf Ta therefore
|
|
.It \e(3d Ta \(3d Ta therefore
|
|
.It \e(or Ta \(or Ta bitwise or
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Mathematical:
|
|
.Bl -column "xxcoproductxx" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(pl Ta \(pl Ta plus
|
|
.It \e(mi Ta \(mi Ta minus
|
|
.It \e- Ta \- Ta minus (text)
|
|
.It \e(-+ Ta \(-+ Ta minus-plus
|
|
.It \e(+- Ta \(+- Ta plus-minus
|
|
.It \e[t+-] Ta \[t+-] Ta plus-minus (text)
|
|
.It \e(pc Ta \(pc Ta center-dot
|
|
.It \e(mu Ta \(mu Ta multiply
|
|
.It \e[tmu] Ta \[tmu] Ta multiply (text)
|
|
.It \e(c* Ta \(c* Ta circle-multiply
|
|
.It \e(c+ Ta \(c+ Ta circle-plus
|
|
.It \e(di Ta \(di Ta divide
|
|
.It \e[tdi] Ta \[tdi] Ta divide (text)
|
|
.It \e(f/ Ta \(f/ Ta fraction
|
|
.It \e(** Ta \(** Ta asterisk
|
|
.It \e(<= Ta \(<= Ta less-than-equal
|
|
.It \e(>= Ta \(>= Ta greater-than-equal
|
|
.It \e(<< Ta \(<< Ta much less
|
|
.It \e(>> Ta \(>> Ta much greater
|
|
.It \e(eq Ta \(eq Ta equal
|
|
.It \e(!= Ta \(!= Ta not equal
|
|
.It \e(== Ta \(== Ta equivalent
|
|
.It \e(ne Ta \(ne Ta not equivalent
|
|
.It \e(ap Ta \(ap Ta tilde operator
|
|
.It \e(|= Ta \(|= Ta asymptotically equal
|
|
.It \e(=\(ti Ta \(=~ Ta approximately equal
|
|
.It \e(\(ti\(ti Ta \(~~ Ta almost equal
|
|
.It \e(\(ti= Ta \(~= Ta almost equal
|
|
.It \e(pt Ta \(pt Ta proportionate
|
|
.It \e(es Ta \(es Ta empty set
|
|
.It \e(mo Ta \(mo Ta element
|
|
.It \e(nm Ta \(nm Ta not element
|
|
.It \e(sb Ta \(sb Ta proper subset
|
|
.It \e(nb Ta \(nb Ta not subset
|
|
.It \e(sp Ta \(sp Ta proper superset
|
|
.It \e(nc Ta \(nc Ta not superset
|
|
.It \e(ib Ta \(ib Ta reflexive subset
|
|
.It \e(ip Ta \(ip Ta reflexive superset
|
|
.It \e(ca Ta \(ca Ta intersection
|
|
.It \e(cu Ta \(cu Ta union
|
|
.It \e(/_ Ta \(/_ Ta angle
|
|
.It \e(pp Ta \(pp Ta perpendicular
|
|
.It \e(is Ta \(is Ta integral
|
|
.It \e[integral] Ta \[integral] Ta integral
|
|
.It \e[sum] Ta \[sum] Ta summation
|
|
.It \e[product] Ta \[product] Ta product
|
|
.It \e[coproduct] Ta \[coproduct] Ta coproduct
|
|
.It \e(gr Ta \(gr Ta gradient
|
|
.It \e(sr Ta \(sr Ta square root
|
|
.It \e[sqrt] Ta \[sqrt] Ta square root
|
|
.It \e(lc Ta \(lc Ta left-ceiling
|
|
.It \e(rc Ta \(rc Ta right-ceiling
|
|
.It \e(lf Ta \(lf Ta left-floor
|
|
.It \e(rf Ta \(rf Ta right-floor
|
|
.It \e(if Ta \(if Ta infinity
|
|
.It \e(Ah Ta \(Ah Ta aleph
|
|
.It \e(Im Ta \(Im Ta imaginary
|
|
.It \e(Re Ta \(Re Ta real
|
|
.It \e(pd Ta \(pd Ta partial differential
|
|
.It \e(-h Ta \(-h Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p
|
|
.It \e[12] Ta \[12] Ta one-half
|
|
.It \e[14] Ta \[14] Ta one-fourth
|
|
.It \e[34] Ta \[34] Ta three-fourths
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Ligatures:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(ff Ta \(ff Ta ff ligature
|
|
.It \e(fi Ta \(fi Ta fi ligature
|
|
.It \e(fl Ta \(fl Ta fl ligature
|
|
.It \e(Fi Ta \(Fi Ta ffi ligature
|
|
.It \e(Fl Ta \(Fl Ta ffl ligature
|
|
.It \e(AE Ta \(AE Ta AE
|
|
.It \e(ae Ta \(ae Ta ae
|
|
.It \e(OE Ta \(OE Ta OE
|
|
.It \e(oe Ta \(oe Ta oe
|
|
.It \e(ss Ta \(ss Ta German eszett
|
|
.It \e(IJ Ta \(IJ Ta IJ ligature
|
|
.It \e(ij Ta \(ij Ta ij ligature
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Accents:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(a" Ta \(a" Ta Hungarian umlaut
|
|
.It \e(a- Ta \(a- Ta macron
|
|
.It \e(a. Ta \(a. Ta dotted
|
|
.It \e(a^ Ta \(a^ Ta circumflex
|
|
.It \e(aa Ta \(aa Ta acute
|
|
.It \e\(aq Ta \' Ta acute
|
|
.It \e(ga Ta \(ga Ta grave
|
|
.It \e\(ga Ta \` Ta grave
|
|
.It \e(ab Ta \(ab Ta breve
|
|
.It \e(ac Ta \(ac Ta cedilla
|
|
.It \e(ad Ta \(ad Ta dieresis
|
|
.It \e(ah Ta \(ah Ta caron
|
|
.It \e(ao Ta \(ao Ta ring
|
|
.It \e(a\(ti Ta \(a~ Ta tilde
|
|
.It \e(ho Ta \(ho Ta ogonek
|
|
.It \e(ha Ta \(ha Ta hat (text)
|
|
.It \e(ti Ta \(ti Ta tilde (text)
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Accented letters:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(\(aqA Ta \('A Ta acute A
|
|
.It \e(\(aqE Ta \('E Ta acute E
|
|
.It \e(\(aqI Ta \('I Ta acute I
|
|
.It \e(\(aqO Ta \('O Ta acute O
|
|
.It \e(\(aqU Ta \('U Ta acute U
|
|
.It \e(\(aqa Ta \('a Ta acute a
|
|
.It \e(\(aqe Ta \('e Ta acute e
|
|
.It \e(\(aqi Ta \('i Ta acute i
|
|
.It \e(\(aqo Ta \('o Ta acute o
|
|
.It \e(\(aqu Ta \('u Ta acute u
|
|
.It \e(\(gaA Ta \(`A Ta grave A
|
|
.It \e(\(gaE Ta \(`E Ta grave E
|
|
.It \e(\(gaI Ta \(`I Ta grave I
|
|
.It \e(\(gaO Ta \(`O Ta grave O
|
|
.It \e(\(gaU Ta \(`U Ta grave U
|
|
.It \e(\(gaa Ta \(`a Ta grave a
|
|
.It \e(\(gae Ta \(`e Ta grave e
|
|
.It \e(\(gai Ta \(`i Ta grave i
|
|
.It \e(\(gao Ta \(`i Ta grave o
|
|
.It \e(\(gau Ta \(`u Ta grave u
|
|
.It \e(\(tiA Ta \(~A Ta tilde A
|
|
.It \e(\(tiN Ta \(~N Ta tilde N
|
|
.It \e(\(tiO Ta \(~O Ta tilde O
|
|
.It \e(\(tia Ta \(~a Ta tilde a
|
|
.It \e(\(tin Ta \(~n Ta tilde n
|
|
.It \e(\(tio Ta \(~o Ta tilde o
|
|
.It \e(:A Ta \(:A Ta dieresis A
|
|
.It \e(:E Ta \(:E Ta dieresis E
|
|
.It \e(:I Ta \(:I Ta dieresis I
|
|
.It \e(:O Ta \(:O Ta dieresis O
|
|
.It \e(:U Ta \(:U Ta dieresis U
|
|
.It \e(:a Ta \(:a Ta dieresis a
|
|
.It \e(:e Ta \(:e Ta dieresis e
|
|
.It \e(:i Ta \(:i Ta dieresis i
|
|
.It \e(:o Ta \(:o Ta dieresis o
|
|
.It \e(:u Ta \(:u Ta dieresis u
|
|
.It \e(:y Ta \(:y Ta dieresis y
|
|
.It \e(^A Ta \(^A Ta circumflex A
|
|
.It \e(^E Ta \(^E Ta circumflex E
|
|
.It \e(^I Ta \(^I Ta circumflex I
|
|
.It \e(^O Ta \(^O Ta circumflex O
|
|
.It \e(^U Ta \(^U Ta circumflex U
|
|
.It \e(^a Ta \(^a Ta circumflex a
|
|
.It \e(^e Ta \(^e Ta circumflex e
|
|
.It \e(^i Ta \(^i Ta circumflex i
|
|
.It \e(^o Ta \(^o Ta circumflex o
|
|
.It \e(^u Ta \(^u Ta circumflex u
|
|
.It \e(,C Ta \(,C Ta cedilla C
|
|
.It \e(,c Ta \(,c Ta cedilla c
|
|
.It \e(/L Ta \(/L Ta stroke L
|
|
.It \e(/l Ta \(/l Ta stroke l
|
|
.It \e(/O Ta \(/O Ta stroke O
|
|
.It \e(/o Ta \(/o Ta stroke o
|
|
.It \e(oA Ta \(oA Ta ring A
|
|
.It \e(oa Ta \(oa Ta ring a
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Special letters:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(-D Ta \(-D Ta Eth
|
|
.It \e(Sd Ta \(Sd Ta eth
|
|
.It \e(TP Ta \(TP Ta Thorn
|
|
.It \e(Tp Ta \(Tp Ta thorn
|
|
.It \e(.i Ta \(.i Ta dotless i
|
|
.It \e(.j Ta \(.j Ta dotless j
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Currency:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(Do Ta \(Do Ta dollar
|
|
.It \e(ct Ta \(ct Ta cent
|
|
.It \e(Eu Ta \(Eu Ta Euro symbol
|
|
.It \e(eu Ta \(eu Ta Euro symbol
|
|
.It \e(Ye Ta \(Ye Ta yen
|
|
.It \e(Po Ta \(Po Ta pound
|
|
.It \e(Cs Ta \(Cs Ta Scandinavian
|
|
.It \e(Fn Ta \(Fn Ta florin
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Units:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(de Ta \(de Ta degree
|
|
.It \e(%0 Ta \(%0 Ta per-thousand
|
|
.It \e(fm Ta \(fm Ta minute
|
|
.It \e(sd Ta \(sd Ta second
|
|
.It \e(mc Ta \(mc Ta micro
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Greek letters:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(*A Ta \(*A Ta Alpha
|
|
.It \e(*B Ta \(*B Ta Beta
|
|
.It \e(*G Ta \(*G Ta Gamma
|
|
.It \e(*D Ta \(*D Ta Delta
|
|
.It \e(*E Ta \(*E Ta Epsilon
|
|
.It \e(*Z Ta \(*Z Ta Zeta
|
|
.It \e(*Y Ta \(*Y Ta Eta
|
|
.It \e(*H Ta \(*H Ta Theta
|
|
.It \e(*I Ta \(*I Ta Iota
|
|
.It \e(*K Ta \(*K Ta Kappa
|
|
.It \e(*L Ta \(*L Ta Lambda
|
|
.It \e(*M Ta \(*M Ta Mu
|
|
.It \e(*N Ta \(*N Ta Nu
|
|
.It \e(*C Ta \(*C Ta Xi
|
|
.It \e(*O Ta \(*O Ta Omicron
|
|
.It \e(*P Ta \(*P Ta Pi
|
|
.It \e(*R Ta \(*R Ta Rho
|
|
.It \e(*S Ta \(*S Ta Sigma
|
|
.It \e(*T Ta \(*T Ta Tau
|
|
.It \e(*U Ta \(*U Ta Upsilon
|
|
.It \e(*F Ta \(*F Ta Phi
|
|
.It \e(*X Ta \(*X Ta Chi
|
|
.It \e(*Q Ta \(*Q Ta Psi
|
|
.It \e(*W Ta \(*W Ta Omega
|
|
.It \e(*a Ta \(*a Ta alpha
|
|
.It \e(*b Ta \(*b Ta beta
|
|
.It \e(*g Ta \(*g Ta gamma
|
|
.It \e(*d Ta \(*d Ta delta
|
|
.It \e(*e Ta \(*e Ta epsilon
|
|
.It \e(*z Ta \(*z Ta zeta
|
|
.It \e(*y Ta \(*y Ta eta
|
|
.It \e(*h Ta \(*h Ta theta
|
|
.It \e(*i Ta \(*i Ta iota
|
|
.It \e(*k Ta \(*k Ta kappa
|
|
.It \e(*l Ta \(*l Ta lambda
|
|
.It \e(*m Ta \(*m Ta mu
|
|
.It \e(*n Ta \(*n Ta nu
|
|
.It \e(*c Ta \(*c Ta xi
|
|
.It \e(*o Ta \(*o Ta omicron
|
|
.It \e(*p Ta \(*p Ta pi
|
|
.It \e(*r Ta \(*r Ta rho
|
|
.It \e(*s Ta \(*s Ta sigma
|
|
.It \e(*t Ta \(*t Ta tau
|
|
.It \e(*u Ta \(*u Ta upsilon
|
|
.It \e(*f Ta \(*f Ta phi
|
|
.It \e(*x Ta \(*x Ta chi
|
|
.It \e(*q Ta \(*q Ta psi
|
|
.It \e(*w Ta \(*w Ta omega
|
|
.It \e(+h Ta \(+h Ta theta variant
|
|
.It \e(+f Ta \(+f Ta phi variant
|
|
.It \e(+p Ta \(+p Ta pi variant
|
|
.It \e(+e Ta \(+e Ta epsilon variant
|
|
.It \e(ts Ta \(ts Ta sigma terminal
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh PREDEFINED STRINGS
|
|
Predefined strings are inherited from the macro packages of historical
|
|
troff implementations.
|
|
They are
|
|
.Em not recommended
|
|
for use, as they differ across implementations.
|
|
Manuals using these predefined strings are almost certainly not
|
|
portable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Their syntax is similar to special characters, using
|
|
.Sq \e*X
|
|
.Pq for a one-character escape ,
|
|
.Sq \e*(XX
|
|
.Pq two-character ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq \e*[N]
|
|
.Pq N-character .
|
|
For details, see the
|
|
.Em Predefined Strings
|
|
subsection of the
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
manual.
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e*(Ba Ta \*(Ba Ta vertical bar
|
|
.It \e*(Ne Ta \*(Ne Ta not equal
|
|
.It \e*(Ge Ta \*(Ge Ta greater-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(Le Ta \*(Le Ta less-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(Gt Ta \*(Gt Ta greater-than
|
|
.It \e*(Lt Ta \*(Lt Ta less-than
|
|
.It \e*(Pm Ta \*(Pm Ta plus-minus
|
|
.It \e*(If Ta \*(If Ta infinity
|
|
.It \e*(Pi Ta \*(Pi Ta pi
|
|
.It \e*(Na Ta \*(Na Ta NaN
|
|
.It \e*(Am Ta \*(Am Ta ampersand
|
|
.It \e*R Ta \*R Ta restricted mark
|
|
.It \e*(Tm Ta \*(Tm Ta trade mark
|
|
.It \e*q Ta \*q Ta double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(Rq Ta \*(Rq Ta right-double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(Lq Ta \*(Lq Ta left-double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(lp Ta \*(lp Ta right-parenthesis
|
|
.It \e*(rp Ta \*(rp Ta left-parenthesis
|
|
.It \e*(lq Ta \*(lq Ta left double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(rq Ta \*(rq Ta right double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(ua Ta \*(ua Ta up arrow
|
|
.It \e*(va Ta \*(va Ta up-down arrow
|
|
.It \e*(<= Ta \*(<= Ta less-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(>= Ta \*(>= Ta greater-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(aa Ta \*(aa Ta acute
|
|
.It \e*(ga Ta \*(ga Ta grave
|
|
.It \e*(Px Ta \*(Px Ta POSIX standard name
|
|
.It \e*(Ai Ta \*(Ai Ta ANSI standard name
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh UNICODE CHARACTERS
|
|
The escape sequences
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl \e[uXXXX] and \eC\(aquXXXX\(aq
|
|
.Pp
|
|
are interpreted as Unicode codepoints.
|
|
The codepoint must be in the range above U+0080 and less than U+10FFFF.
|
|
For compatibility, the hexadecimal digits
|
|
.Sq A
|
|
to
|
|
.Sq F
|
|
must be given as uppercase characters,
|
|
and points must be zero-padded to four characters; if
|
|
greater than four characters, no zero padding is allowed.
|
|
Unicode surrogates are not allowed.
|
|
.Sh NUMBERED CHARACTERS
|
|
For backward compatibility with existing manuals,
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
also supports the
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
|
|
.Pp
|
|
escape sequence, inserting the character
|
|
.Ar number
|
|
from the current character set into the output.
|
|
Of course, this is inherently non-portable and is already marked
|
|
as deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual.
|
|
For example, do not use \eN\(aq34\(aq, use \e(dq, or even the plain
|
|
.Sq \(dq
|
|
character where possible.
|
|
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
|
|
This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other
|
|
troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff
|
|
.Pq Qq groff .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -dash -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
The \eN\(aq\(aq escape sequence is limited to printable characters; in
|
|
groff, it accepts arbitrary character numbers.
|
|
.It
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
|
|
the
|
|
\e(ss, \e(nm, \e(nb, \e(nc, \e(ib, \e(ip, \e(pp, \e[sum], \e[product],
|
|
\e[coproduct], \e(gr, \e(-h, and \e(a. special characters render
|
|
differently between mandoc and groff.
|
|
.It
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm html
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm xhtml ,
|
|
the \e(\(ti=, \e(nb, and \e(nc special characters render differently
|
|
between mandoc and groff.
|
|
.It
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm ps
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm pdf
|
|
modes format like
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm ascii
|
|
instead of rendering glyphs as in groff.
|
|
.It
|
|
The \e[radicalex], \e[sqrtex], and \e(ru special characters have been omitted
|
|
from mandoc either because they are poorly documented or they have no
|
|
known representation.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
|
|
.Xr man 7 ,
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 ,
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
manual page was written by
|
|
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv .
|
|
.Sh CAVEATS
|
|
The predefined string
|
|
.Sq \e*(Ba
|
|
mimics the behaviour of the
|
|
.Sq \&|
|
|
character in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 ;
|
|
thus, if you wish to render a vertical bar with no side effects, use
|
|
the
|
|
.Sq \e(ba
|
|
escape.
|