1230 lines
35 KiB
Plaintext
1230 lines
35 KiB
Plaintext
Network Working Group M. Lottor
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Request For Comments: 1033 SRI International
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November 1987
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DOMAIN ADMINISTRATORS OPERATIONS GUIDE
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STATUS OF THIS MEMO
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This RFC provides guidelines for domain administrators in operating a
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domain server and maintaining their portion of the hierarchical
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database. Familiarity with the domain system is assumed.
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Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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This memo is a formatted collection of notes and excerpts from the
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references listed at the end of this document. Of particular mention
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are Paul Mockapetris and Kevin Dunlap.
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INTRODUCTION
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A domain server requires a few files to get started. It will
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normally have some number of boot/startup files (also known as the
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"safety belt" files). One section will contain a list of possible
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root servers that the server will use to find the up-to-date list of
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root servers. Another section will list the zone files to be loaded
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into the server for your local domain information. A zone file
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typically contains all the data for a particular domain. This guide
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describes the data formats that can be used in zone files and
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suggested parameters to use for certain fields. If you are
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attempting to do anything advanced or tricky, consult the appropriate
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domain RFC's for more details.
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Note: Each implementation of domain software may require different
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files. Zone files are standardized but some servers may require
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other startup files. See the appropriate documentation that comes
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with your software. See the appendix for some specific examples.
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ZONES
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A zone defines the contents of a contiguous section of the domain
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space, usually bounded by administrative boundaries. There will
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typically be a separate data file for each zone. The data contained
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in a zone file is composed of entries called Resource Records (RRs).
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Lottor [Page 1]
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RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
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You may only put data in your domain server that you are
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authoritative for. You must not add entries for domains other than
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your own (except for the special case of "glue records").
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A domain server will probably read a file on start-up that lists the
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zones it should load into its database. The format of this file is
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not standardized and is different for most domain server
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implementations. For each zone it will normally contain the domain
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name of the zone and the file name that contains the data to load for
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the zone.
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ROOT SERVERS
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A resolver will need to find the root servers when it first starts.
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When the resolver boots, it will typically read a list of possible
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root servers from a file.
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The resolver will cycle through the list trying to contact each one.
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When it finds a root server, it will ask it for the current list of
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root servers. It will then discard the list of root servers it read
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from the data file and replace it with the current list it received.
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Root servers will not change very often. You can get the names of
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current root servers from the NIC.
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FTP the file NETINFO:ROOT-SERVERS.TXT or send a mail request to
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NIC@SRI-NIC.ARPA.
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As of this date (June 1987) they are:
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SRI-NIC.ARPA 10.0.0.51 26.0.0.73
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C.ISI.EDU 10.0.0.52
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BRL-AOS.ARPA 192.5.25.82 192.5.22.82 128.20.1.2
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A.ISI.EDU 26.3.0.103
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RESOURCE RECORDS
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Records in the zone data files are called resource records (RRs).
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They are specified in RFC-883 and RFC-973. An RR has a standard
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format as shown:
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<name> [<ttl>] [<class>] <type> <data>
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The record is divided into fields which are separated by white space.
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<name>
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The name field defines what domain name applies to the given
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Lottor [Page 2]
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RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
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RR. In some cases the name field can be left blank and it will
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default to the name field of the previous RR.
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<ttl>
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TTL stands for Time To Live. It specifies how long a domain
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resolver should cache the RR before it throws it out and asks a
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domain server again. See the section on TTL's. If you leave
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the TTL field blank it will default to the minimum time
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specified in the SOA record (described later).
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<class>
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The class field specifies the protocol group. If left blank it
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will default to the last class specified.
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<type>
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The type field specifies what type of data is in the RR. See
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the section on types.
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<data>
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The data field is defined differently for each type and class
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of data. Popular RR data formats are described later.
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The domain system does not guarantee to preserve the order of
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resource records. Listing RRs (such as multiple address records) in
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a certain order does not guarantee they will be used in that order.
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Case is preserved in names and data fields when loaded into the name
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server. All comparisons and lookups in the name server are case
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insensitive.
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Parenthesis ("(",")") are used to group data that crosses a line
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boundary.
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A semicolon (";") starts a comment; the remainder of the line is
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ignored.
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The asterisk ("*") is used for wildcarding.
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The at-sign ("@") denotes the current default domain name.
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Lottor [Page 3]
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RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
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NAMES
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A domain name is a sequence of labels separated by dots.
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Domain names in the zone files can be one of two types, either
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absolute or relative. An absolute name is the fully qualified domain
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name and is terminated with a period. A relative name does not
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terminate with a period, and the current default domain is appended
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to it. The default domain is usually the name of the domain that was
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specified in the boot file that loads each zone.
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The domain system allows a label to contain any 8-bit character.
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Although the domain system has no restrictions, other protocols such
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as SMTP do have name restrictions. Because of other protocol
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restrictions, only the following characters are recommended for use
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in a host name (besides the dot separator):
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"A-Z", "a-z", "0-9", dash and underscore
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TTL's (Time To Live)
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It is important that TTLs are set to appropriate values. The TTL is
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the time (in seconds) that a resolver will use the data it got from
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your server before it asks your server again. If you set the value
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too low, your server will get loaded down with lots of repeat
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requests. If you set it too high, then information you change will
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not get distributed in a reasonable amount of time. If you leave the
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TTL field blank, it will default to what is specified in the SOA
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record for the zone.
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Most host information does not change much over long time periods. A
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good way to set up your TTLs would be to set them at a high value,
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and then lower the value if you know a change will be coming soon.
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You might set most TTLs to anywhere between a day (86400) and a week
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(604800). Then, if you know some data will be changing in the near
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future, set the TTL for that RR down to a lower value (an hour to a
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day) until the change takes place, and then put it back up to its
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previous value.
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Also, all RRs with the same name, class, and type should have the
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same TTL value.
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CLASSES
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The domain system was designed to be protocol independent. The class
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field is used to identify the protocol group that each RR is in.
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The class of interest to people using TCP/IP software is the class
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Lottor [Page 4]
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RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
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"Internet". Its standard designation is "IN".
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A zone file should only contain RRs of the same class.
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TYPES
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There are many defined RR types. For a complete list, see the domain
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specification RFCs. Here is a list of current commonly used types.
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The data for each type is described in the data section.
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Designation Description
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==========================================
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SOA Start Of Authority
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NS Name Server
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A Internet Address
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CNAME Canonical Name (nickname pointer)
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HINFO Host Information
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WKS Well Known Services
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MX Mail Exchanger
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PTR Pointer
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SOA (Start Of Authority)
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<name> [<ttl>] [<class>] SOA <origin> <person> (
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<serial>
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<refresh>
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<retry>
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<expire>
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<minimum> )
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The Start Of Authority record designates the start of a zone. The
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zone ends at the next SOA record.
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<name> is the name of the zone.
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<origin> is the name of the host on which the master zone file
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resides.
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<person> is a mailbox for the person responsible for the zone. It is
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formatted like a mailing address but the at-sign that normally
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separates the user from the host name is replaced with a dot.
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<serial> is the version number of the zone file. It should be
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incremented anytime a change is made to data in the zone.
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Lottor [Page 5]
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RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
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<refresh> is how long, in seconds, a secondary name server is to
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check with the primary name server to see if an update is needed. A
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good value here would be one hour (3600).
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<retry> is how long, in seconds, a secondary name server is to retry
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after a failure to check for a refresh. A good value here would be
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10 minutes (600).
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<expire> is the upper limit, in seconds, that a secondary name server
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is to use the data before it expires for lack of getting a refresh.
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You want this to be rather large, and a nice value is 3600000, about
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42 days.
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<minimum> is the minimum number of seconds to be used for TTL values
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in RRs. A minimum of at least a day is a good value here (86400).
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There should only be one SOA record per zone. A sample SOA record
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would look something like:
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@ IN SOA SRI-NIC.ARPA. HOSTMASTER.SRI-NIC.ARPA. (
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45 ;serial
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3600 ;refresh
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600 ;retry
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3600000 ;expire
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86400 ) ;minimum
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NS (Name Server)
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<domain> [<ttl>] [<class>] NS <server>
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The NS record lists the name of a machine that provides domain
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service for a particular domain. The name associated with the RR is
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the domain name and the data portion is the name of a host that
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provides the service. If machines SRI-NIC.ARPA and C.ISI.EDU provide
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name lookup service for the domain COM then the following entries
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would be used:
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COM. NS SRI-NIC.ARPA.
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NS C.ISI.EDU.
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Note that the machines providing name service do not have to live in
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the named domain. There should be one NS record for each server for
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a domain. Also note that the name "COM" defaults for the second NS
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record.
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NS records for a domain exist in both the zone that delegates the
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domain, and in the domain itself.
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Lottor [Page 6]
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RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
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GLUE RECORDS
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If the name server host for a particular domain is itself inside the
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domain, then a 'glue' record will be needed. A glue record is an A
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(address) RR that specifies the address of the server. Glue records
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are only needed in the server delegating the domain, not in the
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domain itself. If for example the name server for domain SRI.COM was
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KL.SRI.COM, then the NS record would look like this, but you will
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also need to have the following A record.
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SRI.COM. NS
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KL.SRI.COM. KL.SRI.COM. A 10.1.0.2.
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A (Address)
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<host> [<ttl>] [<class>] A <address>
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The data for an A record is an internet address in dotted decimal
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form. A sample A record might look like:
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SRI-NIC.ARPA. A 10.0.0.51
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There should be one A record for each address of a host.
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CNAME ( Canonical Name)
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<nickname> [<ttl>] [<class>] CNAME <host>
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The CNAME record is used for nicknames. The name associated with the
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RR is the nickname. The data portion is the official name. For
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example, a machine named SRI-NIC.ARPA may want to have the nickname
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NIC.ARPA. In that case, the following RR would be used:
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NIC.ARPA. CNAME SRI-NIC.ARPA.
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There must not be any other RRs associated with a nickname of the
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same class.
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Nicknames are also useful when a host changes it's name. In that
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case, it is usually a good idea to have a CNAME pointer so that
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people still using the old name will get to the right place.
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Lottor [Page 7]
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RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
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HINFO (Host Info)
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<host> [<ttl>] [<class>] HINFO <hardware> <software>
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The HINFO record gives information about a particular host. The data
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is two strings separated by whitespace. The first string is a
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hardware description and the second is software. The hardware is
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usually a manufacturer name followed by a dash and model designation.
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The software string is usually the name of the operating system.
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Official HINFO types can be found in the latest Assigned Numbers RFC,
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the latest of which is RFC-1010. The Hardware type is called the
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Machine name and the Software type is called the System name.
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Some sample HINFO records:
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SRI-NIC.ARPA. HINFO DEC-2060 TOPS20
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UCBARPA.Berkeley.EDU. HINFO VAX-11/780 UNIX
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WKS (Well Known Services)
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<host> [<ttl>] [<class>] WKS <address> <protocol> <services>
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The WKS record is used to list Well Known Services a host provides.
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WKS's are defined to be services on port numbers below 256. The WKS
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record lists what services are available at a certain address using a
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certain protocol. The common protocols are TCP or UDP. A sample WKS
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record for a host offering the same services on all address would
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look like:
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Official protocol names can be found in the latest Assigned Numbers
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RFC, the latest of which is RFC-1010.
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SRI-NIC.ARPA. WKS 10.0.0.51 TCP TELNET FTP SMTP
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WKS 10.0.0.51 UDP TIME
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WKS 26.0.0.73 TCP TELNET FTP SMTP
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WKS 26.0.0.73 UDP TIME
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MX (Mail Exchanger) (See RFC-974 for more details.)
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<name> [<ttl>] [<class>] MX <preference> <host>
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MX records specify where mail for a domain name should be delivered.
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There may be multiple MX records for a particular name. The
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preference value specifies the order a mailer should try multiple MX
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records when delivering mail. Zero is the highest preference.
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Multiple records for the same name may have the same preference.
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Lottor [Page 8]
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RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
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A host BAR.FOO.COM may want its mail to be delivered to the host
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PO.FOO.COM and would then use the MX record:
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BAR.FOO.COM. MX 10 PO.FOO.COM.
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A host BAZ.FOO.COM may want its mail to be delivered to one of three
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different machines, in the following order:
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BAZ.FOO.COM. MX 10 PO1.FOO.COM.
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MX 20 PO2.FOO.COM.
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MX 30 PO3.FOO.COM.
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An entire domain of hosts not connected to the Internet may want
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their mail to go through a mail gateway that knows how to deliver
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mail to them. If they would like mail addressed to any host in the
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domain FOO.COM to go through the mail gateway they might use:
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FOO.COM. MX 10 RELAY.CS.NET.
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*.FOO.COM. MX 20 RELAY.CS.NET.
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Note that you can specify a wildcard in the MX record to match on
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anything in FOO.COM, but that it won't match a plain FOO.COM.
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IN-ADDR.ARPA
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The structure of names in the domain system is set up in a
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hierarchical way such that the address of a name can be found by
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tracing down the domain tree contacting a server for each label of
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the name. Because of this 'indexing' based on name, there is no easy
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way to translate a host address back into its host name.
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In order to do the reverse translation easily, a domain was created
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that uses hosts' addresses as part of a name that then points to the
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data for that host. In this way, there is now an 'index' to hosts'
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RRs based on their address. This address mapping domain is called
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IN-ADDR.ARPA. Within that domain are subdomains for each network,
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based on network number. Also, for consistency and natural
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groupings, the 4 octets of a host number are reversed.
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For example, the ARPANET is net 10. That means there is a domain
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called 10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. Within this domain there is a PTR RR at
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51.0.0.10.IN-ADDR that points to the RRs for the host SRI-NIC.ARPA
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(who's address is 10.0.0.51). Since the NIC is also on the MILNET
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(Net 26, address 26.0.0.73), there is also a PTR RR at 73.0.0.26.IN-
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ADDR.ARPA that points to the same RR's for SRI-NIC.ARPA. The format
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of these special pointers is defined below along with the examples
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for the NIC.
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Lottor [Page 9]
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RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
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PTR
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<special-name> [<ttl>] [<class>] PTR <name>
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The PTR record is used to let special names point to some other
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location in the domain tree. They are mainly used in the IN-
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ADDR.ARPA records for translation of addresses to names. PTR's
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should use official names and not aliases.
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For example, host SRI-NIC.ARPA with addresses 10.0.0.51 and 26.0.0.73
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would have the following records in the respective zone files for net
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10 and net 26:
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51.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR SRI-NIC.ARPA.
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73.0.0.26.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR SRI-NIC.ARPA.
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GATEWAY PTR's
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The IN-ADDR tree is also used to locate gateways on a particular
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network. Gateways have the same kind of PTR RRs as hosts (as above)
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but in addition they have other PTRs used to locate them by network
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number alone. These records have only 1, 2, or 3 octets as part of
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the name depending on whether they are class A, B, or C networks,
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respectively.
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Lets take the SRI-CSL gateway for example. It connects 3 different
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networks, one class A, one class B and one class C. It will have the
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standard RR's for a host in the CSL.SRI.COM zone:
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GW.CSL.SRI.COM. A 10.2.0.2
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A 128.18.1.1
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A 192.12.33.2
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Also, in 3 different zones (one for each network), it will have one
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of the following number to name translation pointers:
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|
||
2.0.2.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
1.1.18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
1.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
In addition, in each of the same 3 zones will be one of the following
|
||
gateway location pointers:
|
||
|
||
10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 10]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
INSTRUCTIONS
|
||
|
||
Adding a subdomain.
|
||
|
||
To add a new subdomain to your domain:
|
||
|
||
Setup the other domain server and/or the new zone file.
|
||
|
||
Add an NS record for each server of the new domain to the zone
|
||
file of the parent domain.
|
||
|
||
Add any necessary glue RRs.
|
||
|
||
Adding a host.
|
||
|
||
To add a new host to your zone files:
|
||
|
||
Edit the appropriate zone file for the domain the host is in.
|
||
|
||
Add an entry for each address of the host.
|
||
|
||
Optionally add CNAME, HINFO, WKS, and MX records.
|
||
|
||
Add the reverse IN-ADDR entry for each host address in the
|
||
appropriate zone files for each network the host in on.
|
||
|
||
Deleting a host.
|
||
|
||
To delete a host from the zone files:
|
||
|
||
Remove all the hosts' resource records from the zone file of
|
||
the domain the host is in.
|
||
|
||
Remove all the hosts' PTR records from the IN-ADDR zone files
|
||
for each network the host was on.
|
||
|
||
Adding gateways.
|
||
|
||
Follow instructions for adding a host.
|
||
|
||
Add the gateway location PTR records for each network the
|
||
gateway is on.
|
||
|
||
Deleting gateways.
|
||
|
||
Follow instructions for deleting a host.
|
||
|
||
Also delete the gateway location PTR records for each network
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 11]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
the gateway was on.
|
||
|
||
COMPLAINTS
|
||
|
||
These are the suggested steps you should take if you are having
|
||
problems that you believe are caused by someone else's name server:
|
||
|
||
|
||
1. Complain privately to the responsible person for the domain. You
|
||
can find their mailing address in the SOA record for the domain.
|
||
|
||
2. Complain publicly to the responsible person for the domain.
|
||
|
||
3. Ask the NIC for the administrative person responsible for the
|
||
domain. Complain. You can also find domain contacts on the NIC in
|
||
the file NETINFO:DOMAIN-CONTACTS.TXT
|
||
|
||
4. Complain to the parent domain authorities.
|
||
|
||
5. Ask the parent authorities to excommunicate the domain.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 12]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
EXAMPLE DOMAIN SERVER DATABASE FILES
|
||
|
||
The following examples show how zone files are set up for a typical
|
||
organization. SRI will be used as the example organization. SRI has
|
||
decided to divided their domain SRI.COM into a few subdomains, one
|
||
for each group that wants one. The subdomains are CSL and ISTC.
|
||
|
||
Note the following interesting items:
|
||
|
||
There are both hosts and domains under SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
CSL.SRI.COM is both a domain name and a host name.
|
||
|
||
All the domains are serviced by the same pair of domain servers.
|
||
|
||
All hosts at SRI are on net 128.18 except hosts in the CSL domain
|
||
which are on net 192.12.33. Note that a domain does not have to
|
||
correspond to a physical network.
|
||
|
||
The examples do not necessarily correspond to actual data in use
|
||
by the SRI domain.
|
||
|
||
SRI Domain Organization
|
||
|
||
+-------+
|
||
| COM |
|
||
+-------+
|
||
|
|
||
+-------+
|
||
| SRI |
|
||
+-------+
|
||
|
|
||
+----------++-----------+
|
||
| | |
|
||
+-------+ +------+ +-------+
|
||
| CSL | | ISTC | | Hosts |
|
||
+-------+ +------+ +-------+
|
||
| |
|
||
+-------+ +-------+
|
||
| Hosts | | Hosts |
|
||
+-------+ +-------+
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 13]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
[File "CONFIG.CMD". Since bootstrap files are not standardized, this
|
||
file is presented using a pseudo configuration file syntax.]
|
||
|
||
load root server list from file ROOT.SERVERS
|
||
load zone SRI.COM. from file SRI.ZONE
|
||
load zone CSL.SRI.COM. from file CSL.ZONE
|
||
load zone ISTC.SRI.COM. from file ISTC.ZONE
|
||
load zone 18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. from file SRINET.ZONE
|
||
load zone 33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. from file SRI-CSL-NET.ZONE
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 14]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
[File "ROOT.SERVERS". Again, the format of this file is not
|
||
standardized.]
|
||
|
||
;list of possible root servers
|
||
SRI-NIC.ARPA 10.0.0.51 26.0.0.73
|
||
C.ISI.EDU 10.0.0.52
|
||
BRL-AOS.ARPA 192.5.25.82 192.5.22.82 128.20.1.2
|
||
A.ISI.EDU 26.3.0.103
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 15]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
[File "SRI.ZONE"]
|
||
|
||
SRI.COM. IN SOA KL.SRI.COM. DLE.STRIPE.SRI.COM. (
|
||
870407 ;serial
|
||
1800 ;refresh every 30 minutes
|
||
600 ;retry every 10 minutes
|
||
604800 ;expire after a week
|
||
86400 ;default of an hour
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
SRI.COM. NS KL.SRI.COM.
|
||
NS STRIPE.SRI.COM.
|
||
MX 10 KL.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
;SRI.COM hosts
|
||
|
||
KL A 10.1.0.2
|
||
A 128.18.10.6
|
||
MX 10 KL.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
STRIPE A 10.4.0.2
|
||
STRIPE A 128.18.10.4
|
||
MX 10 STRIPE.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
NIC CNAME SRI-NIC.ARPA.
|
||
|
||
Blackjack A 128.18.2.1
|
||
HINFO VAX-11/780 UNIX
|
||
WKS 128.18.2.1 TCP TELNET FTP
|
||
|
||
CSL A 192.12.33.2
|
||
HINFO FOONLY-F4 TOPS20
|
||
WKS 192.12.33.2 TCP TELNET FTP SMTP FINGER
|
||
MX 10 CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 16]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
[File "CSL.ZONE"]
|
||
|
||
CSL.SRI.COM. IN SOA KL.SRI.COM. DLE.STRIPE.SRI.COM. (
|
||
870330 ;serial
|
||
1800 ;refresh every 30 minutes
|
||
600 ;retry every 10 minutes
|
||
604800 ;expire after a week
|
||
86400 ;default of a day
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
CSL.SRI.COM. NS KL.SRI.COM.
|
||
NS STRIPE.SRI.COM.
|
||
A 192.12.33.2
|
||
|
||
;CSL.SRI.COM hosts
|
||
|
||
A CNAME CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
B A 192.12.33.3
|
||
HINFO FOONLY-F4 TOPS20
|
||
WKS 192.12.33.3 TCP TELNET FTP SMTP
|
||
GW A 10.2.0.2
|
||
A 192.12.33.1
|
||
A 128.18.1.1
|
||
HINFO PDP-11/23 MOS
|
||
SMELLY A 192.12.33.4
|
||
HINFO IMAGEN IMAGEN
|
||
SQUIRREL A 192.12.33.5
|
||
HINFO XEROX-1100 INTERLISP
|
||
VENUS A 192.12.33.7
|
||
HINFO SYMBOLICS-3600 LISPM
|
||
HELIUM A 192.12.33.30
|
||
HINFO SUN-3/160 UNIX
|
||
ARGON A 192.12.33.31
|
||
HINFO SUN-3/75 UNIX
|
||
RADON A 192.12.33.32
|
||
HINFO SUN-3/75 UNIX
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 17]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
[File "ISTC.ZONE"]
|
||
|
||
ISTC.SRI.COM. IN SOA KL.SRI.COM. roemers.JOYCE.ISTC.SRI.COM. (
|
||
870406 ;serial
|
||
1800 ;refresh every 30 minutes
|
||
600 ;retry every 10 minutes
|
||
604800 ;expire after a week
|
||
86400 ;default of a day
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
ISTC.SRI.COM. NS KL.SRI.COM.
|
||
NS STRIPE.SRI.COM.
|
||
MX 10 SPAM.ISTC.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
; ISTC hosts
|
||
|
||
joyce A 128.18.4.2
|
||
HINFO VAX-11/750 UNIX
|
||
bozo A 128.18.0.6
|
||
HINFO SUN UNIX
|
||
sundae A 128.18.0.11
|
||
HINFO SUN UNIX
|
||
tsca A 128.18.0.201
|
||
A 10.3.0.2
|
||
HINFO VAX-11/750 UNIX
|
||
MX 10 TSCA.ISTC.SRI.COM.
|
||
tsc CNAME tsca
|
||
prmh A 128.18.0.203
|
||
A 10.2.0.51
|
||
HINFO PDP-11/44 UNIX
|
||
spam A 128.18.4.3
|
||
A 10.2.0.107
|
||
HINFO VAX-11/780 UNIX
|
||
MX 10 SPAM.ISTC.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 18]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
[File "SRINET.ZONE"]
|
||
|
||
18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN SOA KL.SRI.COM DLE.STRIPE.SRI.COM. (
|
||
870406 ;serial
|
||
1800 ;refresh every 30 minutes
|
||
600 ;retry every 10 minutes
|
||
604800 ;expire after a week
|
||
86400 ;default of a day
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS KL.SRI.COM.
|
||
NS STRIPE.SRI.COM.
|
||
PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
; SRINET [128.18.0.0] Address Translations
|
||
|
||
; SRI.COM Hosts
|
||
1.2.18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR Blackjack.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
; ISTC.SRI.COM Hosts
|
||
2.4.18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR joyce.ISTC.SRI.COM.
|
||
6.0.18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR bozo.ISTC.SRI.COM.
|
||
11.0.18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR sundae.ISTC.SRI.COM.
|
||
201.0.18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR tsca.ISTC.SRI.COM.
|
||
203.0.18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR prmh.ISTC.SRI.COM.
|
||
3.4.18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR spam.ISTC.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
; CSL.SRI.COM Hosts
|
||
1.1.18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 19]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
[File "SRI-CSL-NET.ZONE"]
|
||
|
||
33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN SOA KL.SRI.COM DLE.STRIPE.SRI.COM. (
|
||
870404 ;serial
|
||
1800 ;refresh every 30 minutes
|
||
600 ;retry every 10 minutes
|
||
604800 ;expire after a week
|
||
86400 ;default of a day
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. NS KL.SRI.COM.
|
||
NS STRIPE.SRI.COM.
|
||
PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
; SRI-CSL-NET [192.12.33.0] Address Translations
|
||
|
||
; SRI.COM Hosts
|
||
2.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
; CSL.SRI.COM Hosts
|
||
1.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
3.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR B.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
4.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR SMELLY.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
5.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR SQUIRREL.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
7.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR VENUS.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
30.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR HELIUM.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
31.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR ARGON.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
32.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR RADON.CSL.SRI.COM.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 20]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
APPENDIX
|
||
|
||
BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain server) distributed with 4.3 BSD
|
||
UNIX
|
||
|
||
This section describes two BIND implementation specific files; the
|
||
boot file and the cache file. BIND has other options, files, and
|
||
specifications that are not described here. See the Name Server
|
||
Operations Guide for BIND for details.
|
||
|
||
The boot file for BIND is usually called "named.boot". This
|
||
corresponds to file "CONFIG.CMD" in the example section.
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------
|
||
cache . named.ca
|
||
primary SRI.COM SRI.ZONE
|
||
primary CSL.SRI.COM CSL.ZONE
|
||
primary ISTC.SRI.COM ISTC.ZONE
|
||
primary 18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA SRINET.ZONE
|
||
primary 33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA SRI-CSL-NET.ZONE
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
The cache file for BIND is usually called "named.ca". This
|
||
corresponds to file "ROOT.SERVERS" in the example section.
|
||
|
||
-------------------------------------------------
|
||
;list of possible root servers
|
||
. 1 IN NS SRI-NIC.ARPA.
|
||
NS C.ISI.EDU.
|
||
NS BRL-AOS.ARPA.
|
||
NS C.ISI.EDU.
|
||
;and their addresses
|
||
SRI-NIC.ARPA. A 10.0.0.51
|
||
A 26.0.0.73
|
||
C.ISI.EDU. A 10.0.0.52
|
||
BRL-AOS.ARPA. A 192.5.25.82
|
||
A 192.5.22.82
|
||
A 128.20.1.2
|
||
A.ISI.EDU. A 26.3.0.103
|
||
-------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Lottor [Page 21]
|
||
|
||
RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987
|
||
|
||
|
||
REFERENCES
|
||
|
||
[1] Dunlap, K., "Name Server Operations Guide for BIND", CSRG,
|
||
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences,
|
||
University of California, Berkeley, California.
|
||
|
||
[2] Partridge, C., "Mail Routing and the Domain System", RFC-974,
|
||
CSNET CIC BBN Laboratories, January 1986.
|
||
|
||
[3] Mockapetris, P., "Domains Names - Concepts and Facilities",
|
||
RFC-1034, USC/Information Sciences Institute, November 1987.
|
||
|
||
[4] Mockapetris, P., "Domain Names - Implementations Specification",
|
||
RFC-1035, USC/Information Sciences Institute, November 1987.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
Lottor [Page 22]
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