400 lines
11 KiB
Groff
400 lines
11 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: compat_freebsd.8,v 1.9 2001/04/04 11:21:13 wiz Exp $
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.\" from: compat_linux.8,v 1.1 1995/03/05 23:30:36 fvdl Exp
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Frank van der Linden
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project
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.\" by Frank van der Linden
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.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd June 4, 1995
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.Dt COMPAT_FREEBSD 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm compat_freebsd
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.Nd setup procedure for running FreeBSD binaries
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nx
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supports running
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.Fx
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binaries.
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Most binaries should work, except programs that use
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.Fx Ns -specific
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features.
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These include i386-specific calls, such as syscons utilities.
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The
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.Fx
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compatibility feature is active for kernels compiled
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with the
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.Dv COMPAT_FREEBSD
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option enabled.
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.Pp
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A lot of programs are dynamically linked. This means, that you will
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also need the
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.Fx
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shared libraries that the program depends on, and the runtime
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linker.
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Also, you will need to create a "shadow root" directory for
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.Fx
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binaries on your
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.Nx
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system. This directory
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is named
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.Pa /emul/freebsd .
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Any file operations done by
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.Fx
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programs run under
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.Nx
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will look in this directory first.
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So, if a
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.Fx
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program opens, for example,
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.Pa /etc/passwd ,
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.Nx
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will
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first try to open
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/etc/passwd ,
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and if that does not exist open the 'real'
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.Pa /etc/passwd
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file.
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It is recommended that you install
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.Fx
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packages that include configuration files, etc under
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.Pa /emul/freebsd ,
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to avoid naming conflicts with possible
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.Nx
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counterparts. Shared
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libraries should also be installed in the shadow tree.
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.Pp
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Generally, you will need to look for the shared libraries that
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.Fx
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binaries depend on only the first few times that you install a
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.Fx
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program on your
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.Nx
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system. After a while, you will have a sufficient
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set of
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.Fx
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shared libraries on your system to be able to run newly
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imported
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.Fx
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binaries without any extra work.
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.Ss Setting up shared libraries
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How to get to know which shared libraries
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.Fx
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binaries need, and where
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to get them? Basically, there are 2 possibilities (when following
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these instructions: you will need to be root on your
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.Nx
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system to do the necessary installation steps).
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.Bl -tag -width 123 -compact
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.It 1.
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You have access to a
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.Fx
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system.
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In this case you can temporarily install the binary there, see what
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shared libraries it needs, and copy them to your
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.Nx
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system.
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Example: you have just ftp-ed the
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.Fx
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binary of SimCity.
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Put it on the
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.Fx
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system you have access to, and check which shared libraries it
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needs by running `ldd sim':
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width 123 -compact -offset indent
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.It me@freebsd% ldd /usr/local/lib/SimCity/res/sim
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.nf
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/usr/local/lib/SimCity/res/sim:
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-lXext.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXext.so.6.0 (0x100c1000)
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-lX11.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6.0 (0x100c9000)
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-lc.2 => /usr/lib/libc.so.2.1 (0x10144000)
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-lm.2 => /usr/lib/libm.so.2.0 (0x101a7000)
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-lgcc.261 => /usr/lib/libgcc.so.261.0 (0x101bf000)
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.fi
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.El
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.Pp
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You would need go get all the files from the last column, and
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put them under
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.Pa /emul/freebsd .
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This means you eventually have these files on your
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.Nx
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system:
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.Pp
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.nf
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/usr/X11R6/lib/libXext.so.6.0
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6.0
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/usr/lib/libc.so.2.1
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/usr/lib/libm.so.2.0
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/usr/lib/libgcc.so.261.0
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.fi
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.Pp
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Note that if you already have a
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.Fx
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shared library with a matching major revision number to the first
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column of the 'ldd' output, you won't need to copy the file named
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in the last column to your system, the one you already have should
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work.
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It is advisable to copy the shared library anyway if it is a newer version,
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though.
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You can remove the old one.
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So, if you have these libraries on your system:
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.Pp
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.nf
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/usr/lib/libc.so.2.0
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.fi
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.Pp
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and you find that the ldd output for a new binary you want to
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install is:
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.Pp
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.nf
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\-lc.2 => /usr/lib/libc.so.2.1 (0x10144000)
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.fi
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.Pp
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You won't need to worry about copying
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.Pa /usr/lib/libc.so.2.1 too ,
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because the program should work fine with the slightly older version.
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You can decide to replace the libc.so anyway, and that should leave
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you with:
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.Pp
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.nf
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/usr/lib/libc.so.2.1
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.fi
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.Pp
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Finally, you must make sure that you have the
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.Fx
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runtime linker and its config files on your system.
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You should copy these files from the
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.Fx
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system to their appropriate place on your
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.Nx
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system (in the
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.Pa /emul/freebsd
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tree):
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.Pp
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.nf
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.Pa usr/libexec/ld.so
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.Pa var/run/ld.so.hints
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.fi
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.Pp
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.It 2.
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You don't have access to a
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.Fx
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system. In that case, you
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should get the extra files you need from various ftp sites.
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Information on where to look for the various files is appended
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below. For now, let's assume you know where to get the files.
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.Pp
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Retrieve the following files (from _one_ ftp site to avoid
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any version mismatches), and install them under /emul/freebsd
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(i.e. foo/bar is installed as /emul/freebsd/foo/bar):
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.Pp
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.nf
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.Pa sbin/ldconfig
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.Pa usr/bin/ldd
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.Pa usr/lib/libc.so.x.y.z
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.Pa usr/libexec/ld.so
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.fi
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.Pp
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ldconfig and ldd don't necessarily need to be under
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.Pa /emul/freebsd ,
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you can install them elsewhere in the system too. Just make sure
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they don't conflict with their
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.Nx
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counterparts.
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A good idea would be to install them in
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.Pa /usr/local/bin
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as ldconfig-freebsd and ldd-freebsd.
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.Pp
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Run the
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.Fx
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ldconfig program with directory arguments in which the
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.Fx
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runtime linker should look for shared libs.
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.Pa /usr/lib
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are standard, you could run like the following:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width 123 -compact -offset indent
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.It me@netbsd% mkdir -p /emul/freebsd/var/run
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.It me@netbsd% touch /emul/freebsd/var/run/ld.so.hints
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.It me@netbsd% ldconfig-freebsd /usr/X11R6/lib /usr/local/lib
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.El
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.Pp
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Note that argument directories of ldconfig are
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mapped to
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/XXXX
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by
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.Nx Ns 's
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compat code, and should exist as such on your system.
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Make sure
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/var/run/ld.so.hints
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is existing when you run
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.Fx Ns 's
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ldconfig, if not, you may lose
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.Nx Ns 's
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.Pa /var/run/ld.so.hints .
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.Fx
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ldconfig should be statically
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linked, so it doesn't need any shared libraries by itself.
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It will create the file
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/var/run/ld.so.hints .
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You should rerun the
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.Fx
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version of the ldconfig program each time you add a new shared library.
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.Pp
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You should now be set up for
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.Fx
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binaries which only need a shared libc.
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You can test this by running the
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.Fx
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ldd on itself.
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Suppose that you have it installed as ldd-freebsd, it
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should produce something like:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width 123 -compact -offset indent
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.It me@netbsd% ldd-freebsd `which ldd-freebsd`
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.nf
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/usr/local/bin/ldd-freebsd:
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-lc.2 => /usr/lib/libc.so.2.1 (0x1001a000)
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.fi
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.El
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.Pp
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This being done, you are ready to install new
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.Fx
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binaries.
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Whenever you install a new
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.Fx
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program, you should check if it needs shared libraries, and if so,
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whether you have them installed in the
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.Pa /emul/freebsd
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tree.
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To do this, you run the
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.Fx
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version ldd on the new program, and watch its output.
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ldd (see also the manual page for
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.Xr ldd 1 )
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will print a list
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of shared libraries that the program depends on, in the
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form -l<majorname> => <fullname>.
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.Pp
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If it prints "not found" in stead of <fullname> it means that
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you need an extra library.
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Which library this is, is shown
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in <majorname>, which will be of the form XXXX.<N>
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You will need to find a libXXXX.so.<N>.<mm> on a
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.Fx
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ftp site,
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and install it on your system.
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The XXXX (name) and <N> (major
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revision number) should match; the minor number(s) <mm> are
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less important, though it is advised to take the most
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recent version.
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.Pp
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.It 3.
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In some cases,
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.Fx
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binary needs access to certain device file.
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For example,
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.Fx
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X server software needs
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.Fx
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.Pa /dev/ttyv0
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for
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.Xr pcvt 4
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ioctls.
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In this case, create a symbolic link from
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.Pa /emul/freebsd/dev/ttyv0
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to
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.Xr wscons 4
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device file like
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.Pa /dev/ttyE0 ,
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or to similar device file which provides
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.Xr pcvt 4
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ioctls.
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.El
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.Ss Finding the necessary files
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.Em Note :
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the information below is valid as of the time this
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document was written (June, 1995), but certain details
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such as names of ftp sites, directories and distribution names
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may have changed by the time you read this.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fx
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distribution is available on a lot of ftp sites.
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Sometimes the files are unpacked, and you can get the individual
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files you need, but mostly they are stored in distribution sets,
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usually consisting of subdirectories with gzipped tar files in them.
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The primary ftp sites for the distributions are:
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.Pp
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.nf
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ftp.freebsd.org:/pub/FreeBSD
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.fi
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.Pp
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Mirror sites are described on:
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.Pp
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.nf
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ftp.freebsd.org:/pub/FreeBSD/MIRROR.SITES
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.fi
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.Pp
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This distribution consists of a number of tar-ed and gzipped files,
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Normally, they're controlled by an install program, but you can
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retrieve files "by hand" too.
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The way to look something up is to retrieve all the files in the
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distribution, and ``tar ztvf'' through them for the file you need.
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Here is an example of a list of files that you might need.
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.Pp
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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Needed Files
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ld.so 2.0-RELEASE/bindist/bindist.??
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ldconfig 2.0-RELEASE/bindist/bindist.??
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ldd 2.0-RELEASE/bindist/bindist.??
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libc.so.2 2.0-RELEASE/bindist/bindist.??
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libX11.so.6.0 2.0-RELEASE/XFree86-3.1/XFree86-3.1-bin.tar.gz
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libX11.so.6.0 XFree86-3.1.1/X311bin.tgz
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libXt.so.6.0 2.0-RELEASE/XFree86-3.1/XFree86-3.1-bin.tar.gz
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libXt.so.6.0 XFree86-3.1.1/X311bin.tgz
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.\" libX11.so.3 oldlibs
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.\" libXt.so.3 oldlibs
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The Files called ``bindist.??'' are tar-ed, gzipped and split,
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so you can extract contents by ``cat bindist.?? | tar zpxf -''.
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.Pp
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Extract the files from these gzipped tarfiles in your
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.Pa /emul/freebsd
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directory (possibly omitting or afterwards removing files you don't
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need), and you are done.
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.Sh BUGS
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The information about
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.Fx
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distributions may become outdated.
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