216 lines
7.9 KiB
Plaintext
216 lines
7.9 KiB
Plaintext
Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have
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this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
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There are several ways to install NetBSD onto a disk. If your Sparcstation
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is hooked up in a network you can find find a server and arrange for a
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diskless setup which is a convenient way to install on a machine with
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a single disk attached. Alternatively, you could use SunOS (booted from
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a local disk) and install NetBSD onto a second disk. For the latter method,
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skip to the section "Installing from SunOS" below.
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Installing using a diskless setup.
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First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. Consult
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your server installation documents on how to proceed with this.
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Put all the *.tar.gz files you want to install into the root directory
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for your client on the server.
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Next, unpack base.tar.gz on the server in the root directory for your machine.
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If you elect to you a separately NFS-mounted filesystem for `/usr' on your
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diskless setup, make sure the "./usr" base files in base.tar.gz end up
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in the correct location. One way to do this is to temporarily use a loopback
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mount on the server, re-routing <root>/usr to your server's exported
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NetBSD "/usr" directory.
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A few configuration files need to be edited:
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<root>/etc/hosts
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Add the IP addresses of both server and client.
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<root>/etc/myname
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This files contains the client's hostname; use the same
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name as in <root>/etc/hosts.
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<root>/etc/fstab
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Enter the entries for remotely mounted `root', `swap' and
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possibly `/usr' filesystems.
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Now you must populate the the `/dev' directory for your client. If you server
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runs SunOS 4.x, you can simply change your working directory to `<root>/dev'
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and run the MAKEDEV script: `sh MAKEDEV all'.
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On SunOS 5.x systems, MAKEDEV can also be used, but there'll be error
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messages about unknown user and groups. These errors are inconsequential
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for the purpose of installing NetBSD. However, you may want to correct them
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if you plan to the diskless setup regularly. In that case, you may re-run
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MAKEDEV on your NetBSD machine once it has booted.
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Boot your workstation from the server by entering the appropriate `boot'
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command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the PROM version in your machine,
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this command takes one of the following forms:
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> b le()netbsd -s # for sun4 monitors
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ok boot le()netbsd -s # for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs
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ok boot net netbsd -s # for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs
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This will boot the NetBSD kernel in single-user mode.
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[[
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NOTE: the latter two examples assume you operate the OpenBOOT ROM in
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"new command mode". If your machine comes up and gives you a `>' prompt
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instead of `ok', type:
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>n # enter native OpenBOOT mode
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ok setenv sunmon-compat? false # make it permanent
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ok
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]]
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If you use a diskless setup with a separately NFS-mounted /usr filesystem,
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mount /usr by hand now:
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netbsd# mount /usr
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If you are upgrading a NetBSD installation, start the upgrade script:
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#netbsd ./upgrade.sh
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else, start the installation procedure:
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netbsd# ./install.sh
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These scripts will do most of the work of transferring the system from the
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tar files onto your disk. You will frequently be asked for confirmation
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before the script proceeds with each phase of the installation process.
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Occasionally, you'll have to provide a piece of information such as the
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name of the disk you want to install on or IP addresses and domain names
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you want to assign.
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The installation script goes through the following phases:
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- determination of the disk to install NetBSD on
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- checking of the partition information on the disk
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- creating and mounting the NetBSD filesystems
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- setup of IP configuration
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- extraction of the distribution tar files
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- installation of boot programs
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Now try a reboot. (If needed, swap your scsi id's first). Initially
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I'd suggest you "boot sd()netbsd -bs", then try multiuser after that.
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if you boot single-user the NetBSD incantation to make the root
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filesystem writable is
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netbsd# mount -u /dev/sd0a /
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The Sun monitor normally tries to load a file called "vmunix". On
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OpenBOOT ROM systems you can change it to load NetBSD instead using
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the following commands:
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On version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs:
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>n
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ok setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
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ok
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On version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs:
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ok setenv boot-file netbsd
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ok setenv boot-device /sbus/esp/sd@0,0
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Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 1.0. When you
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reboot into NetBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt.
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There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a
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networked environment, you should create yourself an account and
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protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.
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Some of the files in the NetBSD 1.0 distribution might need to be
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tailored for your site. In particular, the /etc/sendmail.cf file will
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almost definitely need to be adjusted, and other files in /etc will
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probably need to be modified. If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like
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system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that
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discusses it.
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Installing from SunOS.
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You need a SunOS machine to install NetBSD. You also need at
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least the following pieces:
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the *.tar.gz files you want to install (as a minimum, base.tar.gz)
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gzip (GNU gzip) SunOS binary
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gtar (GNU tar) SunOS binary
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the "install.sh" script
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a "/boot" file from a SunOS sun4c machine
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a kernel, most likely "/netbsd"
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All these pieces, except "/boot", are supplied in the NetBSD/sparc
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distribution.
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You need to format and partition the disk using SunOS (since
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NetBSD/sparc uses SunOS disk labels.) Give yourself adequate
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partition sizes. Here is an example layout:
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partition size offset will be..
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sd2a 28140 0 /
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sd2b 16170 28140 swap
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sd2c 204540 0 `whole disk'
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sd2g 160230 44310 /usr
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BTW, These are not recommended sizes. They simply match the first
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(tiny) disk that NetBSD/sparc ran on.
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Use SunOS to newfs the partitions which will have filesystems on them.
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(NetBSD's filesystem format is identical to SunOS).
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sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2a
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[... lots of output]
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sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2g
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[... lots of output]
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NOTE: If you are able to, there is a performance benefit from
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newfs'ing using NetBSD. If you newfs using the NetBSD newfs command,
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be sure to use the -O flag for your / partition, so that newfs will
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use the 4.3BSD filesystem format, rather than the new 4.4BSD filesystem
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format. If you forget, you will not be able to boot -- the SunOS boot
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blocks do not understand the extended 4.4BSD filesystem format.
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Mount those partitions in a tree formation, under /mnt; ie:
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sunos# df
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Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on
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[...]
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/dev/sd2a 11501 0 11501 0% /mnt
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/dev/sd2g 179529 0 179529 0% /mnt/usr
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Place a standard SunOS "/boot" program in /mnt (your new root
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partition), and use the SunOS command "installboot" to make it work.
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The installboot man page says to do something like this:
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sunos# cp /boot /mnt/boot
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sunos# /usr/mdec/installboot -vlt /mnt/boot /usr/mdec/bootsd /dev/rsd2a
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You can now extract the provided "*.tar.gz files onto your disk. The
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provided script, "install.sh" will help you:
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sunos# ls -FC
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base.tar.gz etc.tar.gz man.tar.gz secr.tar.gz
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comp.tar.gz games.tar.gz misc.tar.gz text.tar.gz
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install.sh netbsd.id3_scsi
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sunos# ./install.sh
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[...]
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This script NEEDS gzip and gtar (GNU gzip and GNU tar) on your
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execution path! The tar files are in a "new format" that includes
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directory information, and SunOS tar will not read them. Statically
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linked versions of these programs for SunOS are supplied in the
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distribution.
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After the files have been extracted, repair /mnt/etc/fstab to match
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your actual disk layout. (Minus the "/mnt" component of each path, of
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course :-)
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Now proceed to reboot the machine as described above in "Installing
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using a diskless setup".
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