220 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
220 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: utmp.5,v 1.14 2004/02/17 12:32:25 grant Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)utmp.5 8.2 (Berkeley) 3/17/94
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.\"
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.Dd May 14, 2003
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.Dt UTMP 5
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm utmp ,
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.Nm wtmp ,
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.Nm lastlog
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.Nd login records
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In utmp.h
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The file
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.Aq Pa utmp.h
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declares the structures used to record information about current
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users in the file
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.Nm utmp ,
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logins and logouts in the file
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.Nm wtmp ,
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and last logins in the file
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.Nm lastlog .
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The time stamps of date changes, shutdowns and reboots are also logged in
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the
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.Nm wtmp
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file.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm wtmp
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file can grow rapidly on busy systems, and is normally rotated with
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.Xr newsyslog 8 .
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.Pp
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These files must be created manually;
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if they do not exist, they are not created automatically.
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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#define _PATH_UTMP "/var/run/utmp"
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#define _PATH_WTMP "/var/log/wtmp"
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#define _PATH_LASTLOG "/var/log/lastlog"
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#define UT_NAMESIZE 8
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#define UT_LINESIZE 8
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#define UT_HOSTSIZE 16
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struct lastlog {
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time_t ll_time;
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char ll_line[UT_LINESIZE];
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char ll_host[UT_HOSTSIZE];
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};
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struct utmp {
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char ut_line[UT_LINESIZE];
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char ut_name[UT_NAMESIZE];
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char ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE];
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time_t ut_time;
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Each time a user logs in, the
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.Xr login 1
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program looks up the user's
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.Tn UID
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in the file
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.Nm lastlog .
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If it is found, the timestamp of the last time the user logged
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in, the terminal line and the hostname
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are written to the standard output, providing the login is not set
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.Em quiet ;
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see
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.Xr login 1 .
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The
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.Xr login 1
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program then records the new login time in the file
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.Nm lastlog .
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.Pp
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After the new
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.Fa lastlog
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record is written,
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.\" the
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.\" .Xr libutil 3
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.\" routine
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the file
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.Nm utmp
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is opened and the
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.Fa utmp
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record for the user inserted.
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This record remains there until
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the user logs out at which time it is deleted (by clearing
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the user and host fields, and updating the timestamp field).
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The
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.Nm utmp
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file is used by the programs
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.Xr rwho 1 ,
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.Xr users 1 ,
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.Xr w 1 ,
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and
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.Xr who 1 .
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.Pp
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Next, the
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.Xr login 1
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program opens the file
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.Nm wtmp ,
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and appends the user's
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.Fa utmp
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record.
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When the user logs out, a
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.Fa utmp
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record with the tty line, an updated time stamp, and cleared user and host
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fields is appended to the file by
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.Xr init 8 .
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The
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.Nm wtmp
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file is used by the programs
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.Xr last 1
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and
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.Xr ac 8 .
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.Pp
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In the event of a date change, a shutdown or reboot, the
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following items are logged in the
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.Nm wtmp
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file.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width shutdownxx -compact
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.It Li reboot
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.It Li shutdown
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A system reboot or shutdown has been initiated.
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The character
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.Ql \&~
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is placed in the field
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.Fa ut_line ,
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and
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.Li reboot
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or
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.Li shutdown
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in the field
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.Fa ut_name
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(see
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.Xr shutdown 8
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and
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.Xr reboot 8 ) .
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.Pp
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.It Li date
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The system time has been manually or automatically updated by
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.Xr date 1 .
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The command name
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.Em date
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is recorded in the field
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.Fa ut_name .
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In the field
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.Fa ut_line ,
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the character
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.Ql \\*(Ba
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indicates the time prior to the change, and the character
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.Ql \&{
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indicates the new time.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /var/log/lastlog -compact
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.It Pa /var/run/utmp
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The
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.Nm utmp
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file.
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.It Pa /var/log/wtmp
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The
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.Nm wtmp
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file.
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.It Pa /var/log/lastlog
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The
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.Nm lastlog
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file.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr last 1 ,
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.Xr login 1 ,
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.Xr w 1 ,
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.Xr who 1 ,
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.Xr ac 8 ,
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.Xr init 8 ,
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.Xr lastlogin 8 ,
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.Xr newsyslog 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm utmp
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and
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.Nm wtmp
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file format appeared in
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.At v6 .
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The
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.Nm lastlog
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file format appeared in
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.Bx 3.0 .
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