1062 lines
24 KiB
Groff
1062 lines
24 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: window.1,v 1.13 2003/02/25 10:36:01 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Edward Wang at The University of California, Berkeley.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)window.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
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.\"
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.Dd December 30, 1993
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.Dt WINDOW 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm window
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.Nd window environment
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl t
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.Op Fl f
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl e Ar escape-char
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.Op Fl c Ar command
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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implements a window environment on
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.Tn ASCII
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terminals.
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.Pp
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A window is a rectangular portion of the physical terminal
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screen associated with a set of processes.
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Its size and position can be changed by the user at any time.
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Processes
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communicate with their window in the same way they normally
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interact with a terminal\-through their standard input, output,
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and diagnostic file descriptors.
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The window program handles the
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details of redirecting input and output to and from the
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windows.
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At any one time, only one window can receive
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input from the keyboard, but all windows can simultaneously send output
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to the display.
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.Pp
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When
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.Nm
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starts up, the commands (see long commands below)
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contained in the file
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.Pa .windowrc
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in the user's home directory are
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executed.
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If it does not exist, two equal sized windows spanning
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the terminal screen are created by default.
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.Pp
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The command line options are
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Fl t
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Turn on terse mode (see
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.Ic terse
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command below).
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.It Fl f
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Fast.
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Don't perform any startup action.
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.It Fl d
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Ignore
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.Pa .windowrc
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and create the two default
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windows instead.
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.It Fl e Ar escape-char
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Set the escape character to
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.Ar escape-char .
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.Ar Escape-char
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can be a single character, or in the form
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.Ic ^X
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where
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.Ar X
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is any character, meaning
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.No control\- Ns Ar X .
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.It Fl c Ar command
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Execute the string
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.Ar command
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as a long command (see below)
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before doing anything else.
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.El
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.Pp
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Windows can overlap and are framed as necessary.
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Each window
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is named by one of the digits
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.Dq 1
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to
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.Dq 9 .
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This one-character
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identifier, as well as a user definable label string, are displayed
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with the window on the top edge of its frame.
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A window can be designated to be in the
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.Ar foreground ,
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in which case it will always be
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on top of all normal, non-foreground windows, and can be covered
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only by other foreground windows.
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A window need not be completely within the edges of the terminal screen.
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Thus a large window
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(possibly larger than the screen) may be positioned to show only
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a portion of its full size.
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.Pp
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Each window has a cursor and a set of control functions.
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Most intelligent terminal operations such as line and
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character deletion and insertion are supported.
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Display modes
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such as underlining and reverse video are available if they are
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supported by the terminal.
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In addition, similar to terminals with multiple pages of memory,
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each window has a text buffer which can have more lines than the window
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itself.
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.Ss Process Environment
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With each newly created window, a shell program is spawned with its
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process environment tailored to that window.
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Its standard input,
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output, and diagnostic file descriptors are bound to one end of either
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a pseudo-terminal (see
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.Xr pty 4 )
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or a
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.Ux
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domain socket (see
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.Xr socketpair 2 ) .
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If a pseudo-terminal is used, then its special
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characters and modes (see
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.Xr stty 1 )
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are copied from the physical
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terminal.
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A
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.Xr termcap 5
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entry tailored to this window is created
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and passed as environment (see
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.Xr environ 7 )
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variable
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.Ev TERMCAP .
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The termcap entry contains the window's size and
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characteristics as well as information from the physical terminal,
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such as the existence of underline, reverse video, and other display
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modes, and the codes produced by the terminal's function keys,
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if any.
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In addition, the window size attributes of the pseudo-terminal
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are set to reflect the size of this window, and updated whenever
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it is changed by the user.
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In particular, the editor
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.Xr vi 1
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uses
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this information to redraw its display.
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.Ss Operation
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During normal execution,
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.Nm
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can be in one of two states:
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conversation mode and command mode.
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In conversation mode, the
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terminal's real cursor is placed at the cursor position of a particular
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window--called the current window--and input from the keyboard is sent
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to the process in that window.
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The current window is always
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on top of all other windows, except those in foreground.
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In addition,
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it is set apart by highlighting its identifier and label in reverse video.
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.Pp
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Typing
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.Nm Ns 's
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escape character (normally
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.Ic ^P )
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in conversation
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mode switches it into command mode.
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In command mode, the top line of
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the terminal screen becomes the command prompt window, and
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.Nm
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interprets input from the keyboard as commands to manipulate windows.
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.Pp
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There are two types of commands: short commands are usually one or two
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key strokes; long commands are strings either typed by the user in the
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command window (see the
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.Dq Ic \&:
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command below), or read from a file (see
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.Ic source
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below).
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.Ss Short Commands
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Below,
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.Ar \&#
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represents one of the digits
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.Dq 1
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to
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.Dq 9
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corresponding to the windows 1 to 9.
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.Ic ^X
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means
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.No control\- Ns Ar X ,
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where
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.Ar X
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is any character.
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In particular,
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.Ic ^^
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is
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.Li control\-^.
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.Ar Escape
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is the escape key, or
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.Ic ^\&[ .
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Ar #
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Select window
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.Ar #
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as the current window
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and return to conversation mode.
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.It Ic \&% Ns Ar #
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Select window
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.Ar #
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but stay in command mode.
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.It Ic ^^
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Select the previous window and return to conversation mode.
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This is useful for toggling between two windows.
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.It Ic escape
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Return to conversation mode.
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.It Ic ^P
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Return to conversation mode and write
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.Ic ^P
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to the current window.
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Thus, typing two
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.Ic ^P Ns 's
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in conversation mode sends one to the current window.
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If the
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.Nm
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escape is changed to some other character, that
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character takes the place of
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.Ic ^P
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here.
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.It Ic ?
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List a short summary of commands.
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.It Ic ^L
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Refresh the screen.
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.It Ic q
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Exit
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.Nm .
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Confirmation is requested.
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.It Ic ^Z
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Suspend
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.Nm .
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.It Ic w
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Create a new window.
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|
The user is prompted for the positions
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of the upper left and lower right corners of the window.
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The cursor is placed on the screen and the keys
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.Dq h ,
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.Dq j ,
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.Dq k ,
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and
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.Dq l
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move the cursor left, down, up, and right, respectively.
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|
The keys
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.Dq H ,
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.Dq J ,
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.Dq K ,
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|
and
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.Dq L
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move the cursor to the respective limits of the screen.
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|
Typing a number before the movement keys
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repeats the movement that number of times.
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|
Return enters the cursor position
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as the upper left corner of the window.
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The lower right corner is entered in the same manner.
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|
During this process,
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|
the placement of the new window is indicated by a rectangular
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|
box drawn on the screen, corresponding to where the new window
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will be framed.
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|
Typing escape at any point cancels this command.
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|
.Pp
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|
This window becomes the current window,
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|
and is given the first available ID.
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|
The default buffer size is used (see
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.Ar default_nline
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command below).
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.Pp
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Only fully visible windows can be created this way.
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.It Ic c Ns Ar #
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Close window
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.Ar # .
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|
The process in the window is sent
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the hangup signal (see
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.Xr kill 1 ) .
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.Xr csh 1
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should
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handle this signal correctly and cause no problems.
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.It Ic m Ns Ar #
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|
Move window
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.Ar #
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|
to another location.
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|
A box in the shape of the window is drawn on
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the screen to indicate the new position of the window, and the same keys as
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those for the
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.Ic w
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command are used to position the box.
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|
The window can be moved partially off-screen.
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.It Ic M Ns Ar #
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Move window
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.Ar #
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to its previous position.
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.It Ic s Ns Ar #
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Change the size of window
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.Ar # .
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|
The user is prompted
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|
to enter the new lower right corner of the window.
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|
A box is drawn to indicate the new window size.
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|
The same keys used in
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.Ic w
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and
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.Ic m
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are used to enter the position.
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.It Ic S Ns Ar #
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Change window
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.Ar #
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to its previous size.
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.It Ic ^Y
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Scroll the current window up by one line.
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.It Ic ^E
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Scroll the current window down by one line.
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.It Ic ^U
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Scroll the current window up by half the window size.
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|
.It Ic ^D
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|
Scroll the current window down by half the window size.
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.It Ic ^B
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Scroll the current window up by the full window size.
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.It Ic ^F
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Scroll the current window down by the full window size.
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.It Ic h
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Move the cursor of the current window left by one column.
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.It Ic j
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Move the cursor of the current window down by one line.
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.It Ic k
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Move the cursor of the current window up by one line.
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.It Ic l
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Move the cursor of the current window right by one column.
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.It Ic y
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Yank.
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|
The user is prompted to enter two points within the current window.
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|
Then the content of the current window between those two points
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|
is saved in the yank buffer.
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.It Ic p
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Put.
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The content of the yank buffer is written to the current window as input.
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.It Ic ^S
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Stop output in the current window.
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.It Ic ^Q
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Start output in the current window.
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.It Ic :
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Enter a line to be executed as long commands.
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Normal line
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editing characters (erase character, erase word, erase line)
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are supported.
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.El
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.Ss Long Commands
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Long commands are a sequence of statements
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parsed much like a programming language, with a syntax
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similar to that of C.
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Numeric and string expressions and variables
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are supported, as well as conditional statements.
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.Pp
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There are two data types: string and number.
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A string is a sequence
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of letters or digits beginning with a letter.
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.Dq _
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and
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.Dq \&\.
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are considered letters.
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Alternatively, non-alphanumeric characters can
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be included in strings by quoting them in double
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.Pq Dq \&"
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quotes or escaping them with backslash
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.Pq Dq \e .
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|
In addition, the
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.Dq \e
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sequences of C are supported,
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both inside and outside quotes (e.g.,
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.Dq \en
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is a new line,
|
|
.Dq \er
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|
a carriage return).
|
|
For example, these are legal strings:
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abcde01234, "\*[Am]#$^*\*[Am]#", ab"$#"cd, ab\\$\\#cd, "/usr/ucb/window".
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.Pp
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A number is an integer value in one of three forms:
|
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a decimal number, an octal number preceded by
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.Dq 0 ,
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or a hexadecimal number preceded by
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.Dq 0x
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or
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.Dq 0X .
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The natural machine integer size is used (i.e., the signed integer type
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of the C compiler).
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As in C, a non-zero number represents a boolean true.
|
|
.Pp
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|
The character
|
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.Dq #
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|
begins a comment which terminates at the
|
|
end of the line.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A statement is either a conditional or an expression.
|
|
Expression statements are terminated with a new line or
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.Dq \&; .
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|
To continue
|
|
an expression on the next line, terminate the first line with
|
|
.Dq \e .
|
|
.Ss Conditional Statement
|
|
.Nm
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has a single control structure:
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|
the fully bracketed if statement in the form
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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|
if \*[Lt]expr\*[Gt] then
|
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\t\*[Lt]statement\*[Gt]
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\t...
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elsif \*[Lt]expr\*[Gt] then
|
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\t\*[Lt]statement\*[Gt]
|
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\t...
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else
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\t\*[Lt]statement\*[Gt]
|
|
\t...
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|
endif
|
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.Ed
|
|
.Pp
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|
The
|
|
.Ic else
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and
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|
.Ic elsif
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|
parts are optional, and the latter can
|
|
be repeated any number of times.
|
|
\*[Lt]Expr\*[Gt]
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|
must be numeric.
|
|
.Ss Expressions
|
|
Expressions in
|
|
.Nm
|
|
are similar to those in the
|
|
C language, with most C operators supported on numeric
|
|
operands.
|
|
In addition, some are overloaded to operate on strings.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When an expression is used as a statement, its value is discarded
|
|
after evaluation.
|
|
Therefore, only expressions with side
|
|
effects (assignments and function calls) are useful as statements.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Single valued (no arrays) variables are supported, of both
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|
numeric and string values.
|
|
Some variables are predefined.
|
|
They are listed below.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The operators in order of increasing precedence:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic =
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Assignment.
|
|
The variable of name
|
|
.Aq Va expr1 ,
|
|
which must be string valued,
|
|
is assigned the result of
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 .
|
|
Returns the value of
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 .
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic ?
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
.Ic :
|
|
.Aq Va expr3
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Returns the value of
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
if
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
evaluates true
|
|
(non-zero numeric value); returns the value of
|
|
.Aq Va expr3
|
|
otherwise.
|
|
Only one of
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
and
|
|
.Aq Va expr3
|
|
is evaluated.
|
|
.Aq Va Expr1
|
|
must
|
|
be numeric.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \&|\&|
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Logical or.
|
|
Numeric values only.
|
|
Short circuit evaluation is supported
|
|
(i.e., if
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
evaluates true, then
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
is not evaluated).
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \&\*[Am]\&\*[Am]
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Logical and with short circuit evaluation.
|
|
Numeric values only.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \&|
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Bitwise or.
|
|
Numeric values only.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic ^
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Bitwise exclusive or.
|
|
Numeric values only.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \&\*[Am]
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Bitwise and.
|
|
Numeric values only.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic ==
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic !=
|
|
.Aq expr2
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Comparison (equal and not equal, respectively).
|
|
The boolean result (either 1 or 0) of the comparison is returned.
|
|
The operands can be numeric or string valued.
|
|
One string operand
|
|
forces the other to be converted to a string in necessary.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \*[Lt]
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \*[Gt]
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \*[Le]
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Less than, greater than, less than or equal to,
|
|
greater than or equal to.
|
|
Both numeric and string values, with
|
|
automatic conversion as above.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \*[Lt]\*[Lt]
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \*[Gt]\*[Gt]
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
.Xc
|
|
If both operands are numbers,
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
is bit
|
|
shifted left (or right) by
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
bits.
|
|
If
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
is
|
|
a string, then its first (or last)
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
characters are
|
|
returns (if
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
is also a string, then its length is used
|
|
in place of its value).
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic +
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic -
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Addition and subtraction on numbers.
|
|
For
|
|
.Dq + ,
|
|
if one
|
|
argument is a string, then the other is converted to a string,
|
|
and the result is the concatenation of the two strings.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \&*
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \&/
|
|
.Aq Va expr2 ,
|
|
.Aq Va expr1
|
|
.Ic \&%
|
|
.Aq Va expr2
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Multiplication, division, modulo.
|
|
Numbers only.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic \- Ns Aq Va expr ,
|
|
.Ic ~ Ns Aq Va expr ,
|
|
.Ic \&! Ns Aq Va expr ,
|
|
.Ic \&$ Ns Aq Va expr ,
|
|
.Ic \&$? Ns Aq Va expr
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The first three are unary minus, bitwise complement and logical complement
|
|
on numbers only.
|
|
The operator,
|
|
.Dq $ ,
|
|
takes
|
|
.Aq Va expr
|
|
and returns
|
|
the value of the variable of that name.
|
|
If
|
|
.Aq Va expr
|
|
is numeric
|
|
with value
|
|
.Ar n
|
|
and it appears within an alias macro (see below),
|
|
then it refers to the nth argument of the alias invocation.
|
|
.Dq $?
|
|
tests for the existence of the variable
|
|
.Aq Va expr ,
|
|
and returns 1
|
|
if it exists or 0 otherwise.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ao Va expr Ac Ns Pq Aq Ar arglist
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Function call.
|
|
.Aq Va Expr
|
|
must be a string that is the unique
|
|
prefix of the name of a builtin
|
|
.Nm
|
|
function
|
|
or the full name of a user defined alias macro.
|
|
In the case of a builtin function,
|
|
.Aq Ar arglist
|
|
can be in one of two forms:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
\*[Lt]expr1\*[Gt], \*[Lt]expr2\*[Gt], ...
|
|
argname1 = \*[Lt]expr1\*[Gt], argname2 = \*[Lt]expr2\*[Gt], ...
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The two forms can in fact be intermixed, but the result is
|
|
unpredictable.
|
|
Most arguments can be omitted; default values will
|
|
be supplied for them.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar argnames
|
|
can be unique prefixes
|
|
of the argument names.
|
|
The commas separating
|
|
arguments are used only to disambiguate, and can usually be omitted.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the first argument form is valid for user defined aliases.
|
|
Aliases are defined using the
|
|
.Ic alias
|
|
builtin function (see below).
|
|
Arguments
|
|
are accessed via a variant of the variable mechanism (see
|
|
.Dq $
|
|
operator above).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Most functions return value, but some are used for side effect
|
|
only and so must be used as statements.
|
|
When a function or an alias is used
|
|
as a statement, the parentheses surrounding
|
|
the argument list may be omitted.
|
|
Aliases return no value.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Builtin Functions
|
|
The arguments are listed by name in their natural order.
|
|
Optional arguments are in square brackets
|
|
.Sq Op .
|
|
Arguments
|
|
that have no names are in angle brackets
|
|
.Sq \*[Lt]\*[Gt] .
|
|
An argument meant to be a boolean flag (often named
|
|
.Ar flag )
|
|
can be one of
|
|
.Ar on ,
|
|
.Ar off ,
|
|
.Ar yes ,
|
|
.Ar no ,
|
|
.Ar true ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Ar false ,
|
|
with
|
|
obvious meanings, or it can be a numeric expression,
|
|
in which case a non-zero value is true.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Fl
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic alias Ns Po Bq Aq Ar string ,
|
|
.Bq Aq Ar string\-list Pc
|
|
.Xc
|
|
If no argument is given, all currently defined alias macros are
|
|
listed.
|
|
Otherwise,
|
|
.Aq Ar string
|
|
is defined as an alias,
|
|
with expansion
|
|
.Aq Ar string\-list \*[Gt] .
|
|
The previous definition of
|
|
.Aq Ar string ,
|
|
if any, is returned.
|
|
Default for
|
|
.Aq Ar string\-list
|
|
is no change.
|
|
.It Ic close Ns Pq Aq Ar window\-list
|
|
Close the windows specified in
|
|
.Aq Ar window\-list .
|
|
If
|
|
.Aq Ar window\-list
|
|
is the word
|
|
.Ar all ,
|
|
than all windows are closed.
|
|
No value is returned.
|
|
.It Ic cursormodes Ns Pq Bq Ar modes
|
|
Set the window cursor to
|
|
.Ar modes .
|
|
.Ar Modes
|
|
is the bitwise
|
|
or of the mode bits defined as the variables
|
|
.Ar m_ul
|
|
(underline),
|
|
.Ar m_rev
|
|
(reverse video),
|
|
.Ar m_blk
|
|
(blinking),
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar m_grp
|
|
(graphics, terminal dependent).
|
|
Return value is the previous modes.
|
|
Default is no change.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.Li cursor($m_rev$m_blk)
|
|
sets the window cursors to blinking
|
|
reverse video.
|
|
.It Ic default_nline Ns Pq Bq Ar nline
|
|
Set the default buffer size to
|
|
.Ar nline .
|
|
Initially, it is
|
|
48 lines.
|
|
Returns the old default buffer size.
|
|
Default is no change.
|
|
Using a very large buffer can slow the program down considerably.
|
|
.It Ic default_shell Ns Pq Bq Aq Ar string\-list
|
|
Set the default window shell program to
|
|
.Aq Ar string\-list .
|
|
Returns
|
|
the first string in the old shell setting.
|
|
Default is no change.
|
|
Initially, the default shell is taken from the environment variable
|
|
.Ev SHELL .
|
|
.It Ic default_smooth Ns Pq Bq Ar flag
|
|
Set the default value of the
|
|
.Ar smooth
|
|
argument
|
|
to the command
|
|
.Nm
|
|
(see below).
|
|
The argument is a boolean flag (one of
|
|
.Ar on ,
|
|
.Ar off ,
|
|
.Ar yes ,
|
|
.Ar no ,
|
|
.Ar true ,
|
|
.Ar false ,
|
|
or a number,
|
|
as described above).
|
|
Default is no change.
|
|
The old value (as a number) is returned.
|
|
The initial value is 1 (true).
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic echo Ns ( Op Ar window ,
|
|
.Bq Aq Ar string\-list )
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Write the list of strings,
|
|
.Aq Ar string-list ,
|
|
to
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
separated
|
|
by spaces and terminated with a new line.
|
|
The strings are only
|
|
displayed in the window, the processes in the window are not
|
|
involved (see
|
|
.Ic write
|
|
below).
|
|
No value is returned.
|
|
Default is the current window.
|
|
.It Ic escape Ns Pq Bq Ar escapec
|
|
Set the escape character to
|
|
.Ar escape-char .
|
|
Returns the old
|
|
escape character as a one-character string.
|
|
Default is no change.
|
|
.Ar Escapec
|
|
can be a string of a single character, or
|
|
in the form
|
|
.Fl ^X ,
|
|
meaning
|
|
.No control\- Ns Ar X .
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic foreground Ns ( Bq Ar window ,
|
|
.Bq Ar flag )
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Move
|
|
.Nm
|
|
in or out of foreground.
|
|
.Ar Flag
|
|
is a boolean value.
|
|
The old foreground flag is returned.
|
|
Default for
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is the current window,
|
|
default for
|
|
.Ar flag
|
|
is no change.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic label Ns ( Bq Ar window ,
|
|
.Bq Ar label )
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Set the label of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to
|
|
.Ar label .
|
|
Returns the old
|
|
label as a string.
|
|
Default for
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is the current
|
|
window, default for
|
|
.Ar label
|
|
is no change.
|
|
To turn off a label, set it to an empty string ("").
|
|
.It Ic list Ns Pq
|
|
No arguments.
|
|
List the identifiers and labels of all windows.
|
|
No value is returned.
|
|
.It Ic select Ns Pq Bq Ar window
|
|
Make
|
|
.Nm
|
|
the current window.
|
|
The previous current window is returned.
|
|
Default is no change.
|
|
.It Ic source Ns Pq Ar filename
|
|
Read and execute the long commands in
|
|
.Ar filename .
|
|
Returns \-1 if the file cannot be read, 0 otherwise.
|
|
.It Ic terse Ns Pq Bq flag
|
|
Set terse mode to
|
|
.Ar flag .
|
|
In terse mode, the command window
|
|
stays hidden even in command mode, and errors are reported by
|
|
sounding the terminal's bell.
|
|
.Ar Flag
|
|
can take on the same
|
|
values as in
|
|
.Ar foreground
|
|
above.
|
|
Returns the old terse flag.
|
|
Default is no change.
|
|
.It Ic unalias Ns Pq Ar alias
|
|
Undefine
|
|
.Ar alias .
|
|
Returns -1 if
|
|
.Ar alias
|
|
does not exist,
|
|
0 otherwise.
|
|
.It Ic unset Ns Pq Ar variable
|
|
Undefine
|
|
.Ar variable .
|
|
Returns -1 if
|
|
.Ar variable
|
|
does not exist,
|
|
0 otherwise.
|
|
.It Ic variables Ns Pq
|
|
No arguments.
|
|
List all variables.
|
|
No value is returned.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic window Ns ( Bq Ar row ,
|
|
.Bq Ar column ,
|
|
.Bq Ar nrow ,
|
|
.Bq Ar ncol ,
|
|
.Bq Ar nline ,
|
|
.Bq Ar label ,
|
|
.Bq Ar pty ,
|
|
.Bq Ar frame ,
|
|
.Bq Ar mapnl ,
|
|
.Bq Ar keepopen ,
|
|
.Bq Ar smooth ,
|
|
.Bq Ar shell ) .
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Open a window with upper left corner at
|
|
.Ar row ,
|
|
.Ar column
|
|
and size
|
|
.Ar nrow ,
|
|
.Ar ncol .
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar nline
|
|
is specified,
|
|
then that many lines are allocated for the text buffer.
|
|
Otherwise, the default buffer size is used.
|
|
Default values for
|
|
.Ar row ,
|
|
.Ar column ,
|
|
.Ar nrow ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar ncol
|
|
are, respectively,
|
|
the upper, left-most, lower, or right-most extremes of the
|
|
screen.
|
|
.Ar Label
|
|
is the label string.
|
|
.Ar Frame ,
|
|
.Ar pty ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar mapnl
|
|
are flag values
|
|
interpreted in the same way as the argument to
|
|
.Ar foreground
|
|
(see above);
|
|
they mean, respectively, put a frame around this window (default true),
|
|
allocate pseudo-terminal for this window rather than socketpair (default
|
|
true), and map new line characters in this window to carriage return
|
|
and line feed (default true if socketpair is used, false otherwise).
|
|
Normally, a window is automatically closed when its process
|
|
exits.
|
|
Setting
|
|
.Ar keepopen
|
|
to true (default false) prevents this action.
|
|
When
|
|
.Ar smooth
|
|
is true, the screen is updated more frequently
|
|
(for this window) to produce a more terminal-like behavior.
|
|
The default value of
|
|
.Ar smooth
|
|
is set by the
|
|
.Ar default_smooth
|
|
command (see above).
|
|
.Ar Shell
|
|
is a list of strings that will be used as the shell
|
|
program to place in the window (default is the program specified
|
|
by
|
|
.Ar default_shell ,
|
|
see above).
|
|
The created window's identifier is returned as a number.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic write Ns ( Bq Ar window ,
|
|
.Bq Aq Ar string\-list )
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Send the list of strings,
|
|
.Aq Ar string-list ,
|
|
to
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
separated
|
|
by spaces but not terminated with a new line.
|
|
The strings are actually given to the window as input.
|
|
No value is returned.
|
|
Default is the current window.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Predefined Variables
|
|
These variables are for information only.
|
|
Redefining them does not affect the internal operation of
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.Bl -tag -width modes
|
|
.It Ar baud
|
|
The baud rate as a number between 50 and 38400.
|
|
.It Ar modes
|
|
The display modes (reverse video, underline, blinking, graphics)
|
|
supported by the physical terminal.
|
|
The value of
|
|
.Ar modes
|
|
is the bitwise or of some of the one bit values,
|
|
.Ar m_blk ,
|
|
.Ar m_grp ,
|
|
.Ar m_rev ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar m_ul
|
|
(see below).
|
|
These values are useful
|
|
in setting the window cursors' modes (see
|
|
.Ar cursormodes
|
|
above).
|
|
.It Ar m_blk
|
|
The blinking mode bit.
|
|
.It Ar m_grp
|
|
The graphics mode bit (not very useful).
|
|
.It Ar m_rev
|
|
The reverse video mode bit.
|
|
.It Ar m_ul
|
|
The underline mode bit.
|
|
.It Ar ncol
|
|
The number of columns on the physical screen.
|
|
.It Ar nrow
|
|
The number of rows on the physical screen.
|
|
.It Ar term
|
|
The terminal type.
|
|
The standard name, found in the second name field of the terminal's
|
|
.Ev TERMCAP
|
|
entry, is used.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
.Nm
|
|
uses these environment variables:
|
|
.Ev HOME ,
|
|
.Ev SHELL ,
|
|
.Ev TERM ,
|
|
.Ev TERMCAP ,
|
|
.Ev WINDOW_ID .
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /dev/[pt]ty[pq]? -compact
|
|
.It Pa ~/.windowrc
|
|
startup command file.
|
|
.It Pa /dev/[pt]ty[pq]?
|
|
pseudo-terminal devices.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
Should be self explanatory.
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.3 .
|