8bd7cb6a69
* There is no -indent option to .Bd or .Bl, although you would never know that from its frequent use in this tree. There is a "-offset indent" combination that makes sense, and you can certainly say "-width indent". * Also, you can't markup the -width option argument, tho you CAN use a callable macro. So "-width Ar filename" doesn't make sense, but either "-width Ar" or "-width filename" does, as might something like "-width xxfilename" for a little extra space. * There are a lot of needlessly complex hanging tag macros in man4 used to create simple item lists. Those should be simplified one of these days before someone copies and edits yet another man4 page.
233 lines
6.8 KiB
Groff
233 lines
6.8 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: fsck_ext2fs.8,v 1.9 2002/02/07 03:15:07 ross Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Manuel Bouyer.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)fsck.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 11/29/94
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.\"
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.Dd November 29, 1994
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.Dt FSCK_EXT2FS 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm fsck_ext2fs
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.Nd EXT2 File System consistency check and interactive repair
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm ""
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.Op Fl b Ar block#
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.Op Fl c Ar level
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl f
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.Op Fl m Ar mode
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.Op Fl p
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.Op Fl y
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.Op Fl n
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.Ar filesystem ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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performs interactive filesystem consistency checks and repair for each of
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the filesystems specified on the command line. It is normally invoked from
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.Xr fsck 8 .
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.Pp
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The kernel takes care that only a restricted class of innocuous filesystem
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inconsistencies can happen unless hardware or software failures intervene.
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These are limited to the following:
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.Pp
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.Bl -item -compact
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.It
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Unreferenced inodes
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.It
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Link counts in inodes too large
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.It
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Missing blocks in the free map
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.It
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Blocks in the free map also in files
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.It
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Counts in the super-block wrong
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.El
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.Pp
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These are the only inconsistencies that
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.Nm
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in ``preen''
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mode (with the
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.Fl p
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option) will correct; if it encounters other inconsistencies, it exits
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with an abnormal return status.
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For each corrected inconsistency one or more lines will be printed
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identifying the filesystem on which the correction will take place,
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and the nature of the correction. After successfully correcting a filesystem,
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.Nm
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will print the number of files on that filesystem
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and the number of used and free blocks.
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.Pp
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If sent a
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.Dv QUIT
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signal,
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.Nm
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will finish the filesystem checks, then exit with an abnormal return status.
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.Pp
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Without the
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.Fl p
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option,
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.Nm
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audits and interactively repairs inconsistent conditions for filesystems.
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If the filesystem is inconsistent the operator is prompted for concurrence
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before each correction is attempted.
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It should be noted that some of the corrective actions which are not
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correctable under the
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.Fl p
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option will result in some loss of data.
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The amount and severity of data lost may be determined from the diagnostic
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output.
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The default action for each consistency correction
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is to wait for the operator to respond
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.Li yes
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or
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.Li no .
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If the operator does not have write permission on the filesystem
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.Nm
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will default to a
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.Fl n
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action.
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.Pp
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The following flags are interpreted by
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.Nm "" .
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl b
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Use the block specified immediately after the flag as
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the super block for the filesystem. Block 8193 is usually
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an alternate super block.
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.It Fl d
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Print debugging output.
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.It Fl f
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Force checking of file systems. Normally, if a file system is cleanly
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unmounted, the kernel will set a
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.Dq clean flag
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in the file system superblock, and
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.Nm
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will not check the file system. This option forces
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.Nm
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to check the file system, regardless of the state of the clean flag.
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.It Fl m
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Use the mode specified in octal immediately after the flag as the
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permission bits to use when creating the
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.Pa lost+found
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directory rather than the default 1777.
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In particular, systems that do not wish to have lost files accessible
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by all users on the system should use a more restrictive
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set of permissions such as 700.
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.It Fl n
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Assume a no response to all questions asked by
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.Nm
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except for
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.Ql CONTINUE? ,
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which is assumed to be affirmative;
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do not open the filesystem for writing.
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.It Fl p
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Specify ``preen'' mode, described above.
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.It Fl y
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Assume a yes response to all questions asked by
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.Nm "" ;
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this should be used with great caution as this is a free license
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to continue after essentially unlimited trouble has been encountered.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Bl -enum -offset indent -compact
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Inconsistencies checked are as follows:
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.It
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Blocks claimed by more than one inode or the free map.
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.It
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Blocks claimed by an inode outside the range of the filesystem.
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.It
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Incorrect link counts.
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.It
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Size checks:
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.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
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.It
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Directory size not a multiple of filesystem block size.
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.It
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Partially truncated file.
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.El
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.It
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Bad inode format.
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.It
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Blocks not accounted for anywhere.
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.It
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Directory checks:
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.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
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.It
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File pointing to unallocated inode.
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.It
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Inode number out of range.
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.It
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Dot or dot-dot not the first two entries of a directory
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or having the wrong inode number.
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.El
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.It
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Super Block checks:
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.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
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.It
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More blocks for inodes than there are in the filesystem.
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.It
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Bad free block map format.
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.It
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Total free block and/or free inode count incorrect.
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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Orphaned files and directories (allocated but unreferenced) are,
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with the operator's concurrence, reconnected by
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placing them in the
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.Pa lost+found
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directory.
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The name assigned is the inode number.
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If the
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.Pa lost+found
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directory does not exist, it is created.
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If there is insufficient space its size is increased.
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.Pp
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Because of inconsistencies between the block device and the buffer cache,
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the raw device should always be used.
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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The diagnostics produced by
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.Nm
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are fully enumerated and explained in Appendix A of
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.Rs
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.%T "Fsck \- The UNIX File System Check Program"
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.Re
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr fs 5 ,
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.Xr fstab 5 ,
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.Xr fsck 8 ,
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.Xr fsdb 8 ,
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.Xr newfs 8 ,
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.Xr reboot 8
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