222 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
222 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1988 Regents of the University of California.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" from: @(#)disklabel.8 6.8 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
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.\" $Id: disklabel.8,v 1.6 1994/01/14 02:05:23 jtc Exp $
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.\"
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.Dd June 24, 1990
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.Dt DISKLABEL 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm disklabel
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.Nd read and write disk pack label
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm disklabel
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.Op Fl r
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.Ar disk
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.Nm disklabel
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.Fl w
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.Op Fl r
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.Ar disk
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.Ar disktype
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.Op Ar packid Op Ar priboot secboot
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.Nm disklabel
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.Fl e
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.Op Fl r
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.Ar disk
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.Nm disklabel
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.Fl R
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.Op r
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.Ar disk
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.Ar protofile
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.Op Ar priboot secboot
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.Nm disklabel
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.Op Fl NW
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.Op disk
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Disklabel
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can be used to install, examine or modify the label on a disk drive or pack.
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When writing the label, it can be used
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to change the drive identification,
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the disk partitions on the drive,
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or to replace a damaged label or bootstrap.
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The disk label is located on one of the first sectors
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of each disk (usually block 0).
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On machines that require a block-0 bootstrap (VAX 11/750),
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the label is inserted into the bootstrap program.
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This information is used by the system disk driver and by the bootstrap
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program to determine how to program the drive.
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There are several forms of the command that display, install or modify
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the label on a disk.
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Each form has an additional option,
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.Fl r ,
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which causes the label to be read from or written to the disk directly,
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rather than going through the system's in-core copy of the label.
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When writing, the in-core copy is also updated if possible.
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This option may allow a label to be installed on a disk
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without kernel support for a label, such as when labels are first installed
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on a system; it must be used when first installing a label on a disk.
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.Pp
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The first form of the command is used to examine the label on the named
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disk drive (e.g. hp0 or /dev/rhp0c).
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It will display all of the parameters associated with the drive
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and its partition layout.
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Unless the
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.Fl r
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flag is given,
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the kernel's in-core copy of the label is displayed;
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if the disk has no label, or the partition types on the disk are incorrect,
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the kernel may have constructed or modified the label.
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If the
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.Fl r
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flag is given, the label from the raw disk will be displayed rather
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than the in-core label.
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.Pp
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The second form of the command, with the
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.Fl w
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flag, is used to write a standard label on the designated drive.
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The required arguments to
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.Nm disklabel
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are the drive to be labeled (e.g. hp0), and
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the drive type as described in the
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.Xr disktab 5
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file.
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The drive parameters and partitions are taken from that file.
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If different disks of the same physical type are to have different
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partitions, it will be necessary to have separate disktab entries
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describing each, or to edit the label after installation as described below.
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The first optional argument is a pack identification string,
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up to 16 characters long.
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The pack id must be quoted if it contains blanks.
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If the
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.Fl r
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flag is given, the disk sectors containing the label and bootstrap
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will be written directly,
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otherwise the existing label will be updated in place without modifying
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the bootstrap.
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If the disk does not already have a label, the
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.Fl r
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flag must be used.
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In either case, the kernel's in-core label is replaced.
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.Pp
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Alternate versions of the bootstrap files may be specified
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after the pack identifier.
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If an alternate bootstrap is not specified, the standard bootstrap will be used.
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The bootstrap programs are located in
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.Pa /usr/mdec .
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The names of the bootstrap programs may be specified in
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.Xr disktab 5 ;
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if not specified,
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the default names are of the form
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.Em basename No boot
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for the primary (block 0) bootstrap, and
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.No boot Em basename
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for the secondary (block 1-15) bootstrap;
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for example,
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.Pa /usr/mdec/hpboot
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and
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.Pa /usr/mdec/boothp
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if the disk device is
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.Em hp0 .
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.Pp
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An existing disk label may be edited by using the
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.Fl e
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flag.
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The label is read from the in-core kernel copy,
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or directly from the disk if the
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.Fl r
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flag is also given.
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The label is formatted and then supplied to an editor for changes.
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If no editor is specified in an EDITOR environment variable,
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.Xr vi 1
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is used.
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When the editor terminates, the formatted label is reread
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and used to rewrite the disk label.
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.Pp
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With the
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.Fl R
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flag,
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.Nm disklabel
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is capable of restoring a disk label that was formatted
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in a prior operation and saved in an ascii file.
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The prototype file used to create the label should be in the same format
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as that produced when reading or editing a label.
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Comments are delimited by
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.Em #
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and newline.
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If the
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.Fl r
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option is also given,
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a block-0 bootstrap is installed on machines that use one;
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either the disktype or the names of the bootstrap files must be specified
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on such machines.
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.Pp
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Finally, the
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.Fl NW
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flags for
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.Nm disklabel
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explicitly disallow and allow, respectively, writing of the pack label area
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on the selected disk.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -item -compact
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.It
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.Pa /etc/disktab
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.It
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.Pa /usr/mdec/ Ns Sy xx Ns Pa boot
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.It
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.Pa /usr/mdec/boot Ns Sy xx
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr disktab 5 ,
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.Xr disklabel 5
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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The kernel device drivers will not allow the size of a disk partition
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to be decreased or the offset of a partition to be changed while it is open.
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Some device drivers create a label containing only a single large partition
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if a disk is unlabeled; thus, the label must be written to the
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.Dq a
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partition of the disk while it is open.
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This sometimes requires the desired label to be set in two steps,
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the first one creating at least one other partition,
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and the second setting the label on the new partition
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while shrinking the
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.Dq a
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partition.
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.Sh BUGS
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When a disk name is given without a full pathname,
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the constructed device name uses the
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.Dq c
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partition on the vax and the
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.Dq a
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partition on the tahoe.
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