242 lines
7.2 KiB
Groff
242 lines
7.2 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.12 2003/08/07 10:31:29 agc Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)boot_i386.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.Dd April 8, 2003
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.Dt BOOT 8 x68k
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm boot
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.Nd system bootstrapping procedures
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Ss Power fail and crash recovery
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Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
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An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed,
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and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
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.Ss Cold starts
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The X68000/X68030 system boots from the device
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which is determined by the configuration of
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battery-backuped SRAM.
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By default, the boot ROM attempts to boot from
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floppy disk drives (from 0 to 3) first,
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and then attempts to boot from hard disk (SASI or SCSI).
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On the
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.Nx Ns Tn /x68k ,
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booting from SCSI disks (sd??)
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and 2HD floppy disks (fd?a, fd?c) is currently supported.
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.Ss Bootstrapping from a floppy
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When the floppy disk is selected as the boot device, the initial
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program loader of the IOCS (firmware) reads the
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.Pa fdboot_ufs
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program at the top of the disk, and then the fdboot_ufs program loads the
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.Pa /boot
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program from the FFS or LFS file system. Normally, the
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.Pa /boot
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program then loads the
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.Nx
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kernel
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.Pa /netbsd
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from the same floppy. In addition, the
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.Pa /boot
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program has abilities to uncompress gzip'ed kernels, to read
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the kernel from other disks of other file systems etc (see below).
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.Pp
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For floppy disks,
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.Pa fdboot_ustar
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is also provided to read large
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kernels which do not fit one a single floppy.
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.Ss Bootstrapping from a SCSI hard disk
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When a SCSI hard disk is selected as the boot device, the initial
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program loader on the SCSI host adapter's ROM reads the
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operating system-independent IPL menu program at the top of the disk.
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The IPL menu program recognizes the partition table, and selects the partition
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to read the operating system kernel. During this phase, when the
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HELP key on the keyboard is pressed, the IPL menu program displays
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the partition menu of that disk to prompt the user to select the boot
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partition (although the
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.Nx
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implementation of the IPL menu,
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.Pa /usr/mdec/mboot ,
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does not have this functionality).
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.Pp
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Next, the IPL menu reads the OS-dependent boot program from the
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top of the selected partition. For
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.Nx
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FFS/LFS file systems
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.Pa sdboot_ufs
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is used. The
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.Pa sdboot_ufs
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program then loads the
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.Pa /boot
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program from that partition.
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.Ss Normal Operation
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Once running, a banner similar to the following will appear:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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NetBSD Multi-boot, Revision 1.1
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(user@buildhost, builddate)
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Press return to boot now, any other key for boot menu
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booting sd0a:netbsd - starting in 5
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.Ed
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.Pp
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After a countdown, the system image listed will be loaded. (In the
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example above, it will be
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.Dq Li sd0a:netbsd
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which is the file
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.Nm netbsd
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on partition
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.Dq a
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of the
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.Nx
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SCSI hard disk of ID 0.
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Pressing a key within the time limit will enter interactive mode.
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.Ss Interactive mode
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In interactive mode, the boot loader will present a prompt, allowing
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input of these commands:
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.Bl -tag -width helpx -offset indent
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.It Xo Ic boot
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.Op Ar device : Ns
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.Op Ar filename
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.Op Fl adqsv
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.Xc
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The default
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.Ar device
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will be set to the disk that the boot loader was
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loaded from.
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To boot from an alternate disk, the full name of the device should
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be given at the prompt.
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.Ar device
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is of the form
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.Xo
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.Ar xd Ns Oo
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.Ar N Ns Oo
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.Ar x
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.Oc
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.Oc
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.Xc
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where
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.Ar xd
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is the device from which to boot,
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.Ar N
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is the unit number, and
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.Ar x
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is the partition letter.
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.Pp
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The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to
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installation:
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.Pp
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.Bl -hang -compact
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.It sd
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SCSI disks on a controller recognized by the IOCS. The
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unit number is the SCSI ID.
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.It fd
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Floppy drives as numbered by the IOCS.
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.El
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.Pp
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The default
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.Ar filename
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is
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.Pa netbsd ;
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if the boot loader fails to successfully
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open that image, it then tries
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.Pa netbsd.gz
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(expected to be a kernel image compressed by
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.Xr gzip 1 ) .
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Alternate system images can be loaded by just specifying the name of the image.
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.Pp
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Options are:
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.Bl -tag -width xxx
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.It Fl a
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Prompt for the root file system device, the system crash dump
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device, and the path to
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.Xr init 8 .
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.It Fl d
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Bring the system up in debug mode. Here it waits for a kernel
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debugger connect; see
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.Xr ddb 4 .
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.It Fl q
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Boot the system in quiet mode.
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.It Fl s
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Bring the system up in single-user mode.
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.It Fl v
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Boot the system in verbose mode.
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.El
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.It Ic help
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Print an overview about commands and arguments.
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.It Ic ls Op Pa path
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Print a directory listing of
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.Pa path ,
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containing inode number, filename and file type.
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.Pa path
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can contain a device specification.
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.It Ic halt
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Reboot the system.
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.El
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.Ss Model-specific notes
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Note for X68030+MC68030 systems:
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Nothing special to be attended to; you can boot
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.Nx
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just like as
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other operating systems such as Human68k and OS-9.
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.Pp
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Note for X68030/040turbo(68040 accelerator by BEEPs) systems:
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.Nx
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can boot under 040 mode.
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It can also boot under 030 mode if you have MC68030 on the board.
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.Pp
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Note for X68000/Xellent30(68030 accelerator by TSR)+MC68030 systems:
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In order to boot
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.Nx ,
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you must choose 030 mode by using
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.Pa CH30.SYS ,
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which must reside in the battery-backuped SRAM.
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.Pp
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Note for X68000/Jupiter-X(68040/060 accelerator by FTZ-net) systems:
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The system must be in 040/060 processor mode.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/xxboot_ufs -compact
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.It Pa /netbsd
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system code
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.It Pa /netbsd.gz
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gzip-compressed system code
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/xxboot_ufs
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boot block (read by installboot), xx is disktype
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot
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source of /boot (can be just copied to the root directory)
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.It Pa /boot
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main part of the boot program
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr reboot 2 ,
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.Xr disklabel 8 ,
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.Xr halt 8 ,
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.Xr reboot 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8
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.\" installboot(8) must be written
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