203 lines
9.0 KiB
Plaintext
203 lines
9.0 KiB
Plaintext
Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but, if you have
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this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the
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information which is presented to you by the install program, it
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shouldn't be too much trouble.
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Before you begin, you must have already prepared your hard disk as
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detailed in the section on preparing your system for install.
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The following is a walk-through of the steps necessary to get NetBSD
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installed on your hard disk. If you wish to stop the installation,
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you may hit Control-C at any prompt, but if you do, you'll have to
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begin again from scratch.
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1. Booting the miniroot
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=======================
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First you need to get yourself into NetBSD. This can be
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done in a couple ways, both of which currently require
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GEMDOS.
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You can insert the GEMDOS kernel floppy and select
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the loadbsd program. It will ask for parameters,
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supply: '-b netbsd'. You can, of course, also run it
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from the shell command-line in MiNT:
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loadbsd -b a:/netbsd
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You should see the screen clear and some information about
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your system as the kernel configures the hardware. Then
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you will be prompted for a root device. At this time remove
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the GEMDOS kernel boot floppy from the drive if present and
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insert the BSD install floppy 1. Now type `rd0' to tell the
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kernel to load the install filesystem into RAMdisk. While
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While the kernel is loading, it will show a '.' for each
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track loaded. After loading 80 tracks, it will ask you
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to insert the next floppy. At this time, inser the BSD
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install floppy 2 and hit any key. The kernel continous
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loading another 40 tracks before it continues to boot.
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The system should continue to boot. For now ignore WARNING:
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messages about bad dates in clocks. Eventually you will be
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be asked to enter the pathname of the shell, just hit
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return. After a short while, you will be asked to select
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the type of your keyboard. After you have entered a valid
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response here, the system asks you if you want to install
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or upgrade your system. Since you are reading the 'install'
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section, 'i' would be the proper response here...
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2. Entering the installer
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=========================
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The installer starts with a nice welcome messages. Read this
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message carefully, it also informs you of the risks involved
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in continueiNg! If you still want to go on, type 'y'. The
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installer now continues by trying to figure out your disk
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configuration. Ignore the error:
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kern_fs_get_rrootdev: no raw root device
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When it is done, you will be prompted to select a root device
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from the list of disks it has found.
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3. Select your root device
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==========================
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You should know at this point that the disks are NOT numbered
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according to their scsi-id! The NetBSD kernel numbers the scsi
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drives (and other devices on the scsi bus) sequentially as it
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finds them. The drive with the lowest scsi id will be called sd0,
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the next one sd1, etc.
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Where you end up after the selection of the root disk depends on
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the contents of your disk. If it is already partitioned using
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AHDI, start reading at item 4a, if this disk has no AHDI partitioning
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but is blank or used by another non-AHDI system, start at item 4b.
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YOU ARE NOW AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN! The programs in section
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4 will modify your harddisk. Type Control-C NOW if you don't
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want this.
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4a. Setting AHDI partition id's on your root disk (using edahdi)
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================================================================
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Because NetBSD imposes a special ordering in disk partitions it
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uses for root & swap. And because it wants to guard you against
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an unwanted demolition of partitions used by other systems, you
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have to tell it what partitions it is allowed to use. You have
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to mark the partition you want to use as swap 'NBS' or 'SWP'
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and the other partitions as 'NBD'. Note that all the changes
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you make to the id's are reversable as long as you remember the
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original value.
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In the partition-id editor, the partitions are shown in the order
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that AHDI created them. When you leave this editor and continue
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at item 4b, your changes to the id's do have consequences to the
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partition order! They will show up as follows:
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a -- the first NBD partition
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b -- the first NBS partition
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d (and up) -- the rest of the partitions in AHDI order
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4b. Labeling your root disk (using edlabel)
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===========================================
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You are now allowed to change the partitioning of your disk. If
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your disk is already partitioned with AHDI DON'T change anything
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unless you are absolutely sure what you are doing!
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If you are labeling an empty SCSI disk, you can make life easy for
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yourself by selecting 'standarize geometry'. This allows you to
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select a 'sectors per track' and 'tracks/cylinder' value and have
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the (fictious) SCSI geometry changed accordingly. So if you select
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64 sect/track and 32 tracks/cylinder, each cilinder is exactly
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1Mb in size. Well, go ahead and don't forget to save your work
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before quitting!
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NOTE: to make sure that NetBSD can create/mount filesystems on
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the partitions you defined, make sure the 'type' is entered
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correctly:
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4.2BSD - filesystems created by NetBSD
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MSDOS - filesystems shared with GEM
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Just ignore it, it's harmless.
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5. Label additional disks
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=========================
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Now that your root-disk is labeled, you are given the opportunity
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to label any of the other disks in your system. The procedure is
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the same as with your root disk.
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6. Setup the fstab
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==================
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Since all disks you want to use with NetBSD are properly labeled,
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it is time to tell the installer which partition will be associated
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with the different filesystems. As mentioned above, it is wise to
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make at least a separate root and /usr filesystem. Depending on
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what you are planning to do with your system, you might also consider
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to make a separate /var, /local or /home.
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When you tell the installer that all of your filesystems are specified
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correctly, it starts creating them for you.
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7. Configure your network
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=========================
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Don't do this right now. As non of the network cards are supported,
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it doesn't make any sense.
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8. Edit the fstab - again....
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=============================
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Since the network configuration might have lead to additional (nfs)
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filesystem entries, you get another chance to modify your fstab.
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9. Installing the distribution sets
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===================================
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Your are finally at the point where some real data will be put on
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your freshly made filesystems. Select the device type you whish
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to install from and off you go....
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Some notes:
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- If you want to install from tape, please read the section
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about how to create such a tape.
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- If you want to install from a gemdos filesystem, you should
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rename the distribution sets because of the nameing limitations
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on gemdos. Move all 'xxx.tar.gz' sets to 'xxx.tgz'. The
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installer will handle the rest.
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- Install at least the base and etc sets.
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- If you have to specify a path relative to the mount-point and
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you need the mount-point itself, enter '.'.
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10. Timezone selection and device-node building
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===============================================
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The isn't much to say about this. Just select the timezone you
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are in. The installer will make the correct setup on your root
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filesystem. After the timezone-link is installed, the installer
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will proceed by creating the device nodes on your root filesystem.
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Be patient, this will take a while...
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11. Installing the kernel
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=========================
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Because the kernel didn't fit on the install-disks, the installer
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asks you about the disk you're kernel is on. You can specify the
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same disks as with the installation of the sets with the addition of
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'fd0'. The latter can be used when you decide to install the kernel
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from the kernel-floppy.
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12. Installing the bootstrap
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============================
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Finally, the installer ask you if you want to install the bootblock
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code on your root disk. This is a matter of personal choise and can
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also be done from a running NetBSD system. See the 'installboot(8)'
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manual page about how to do this.
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13. You did it!
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===============
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Congratulations, you just installed NetBSD successfully! If you
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also installed a bootblock, you only have to reboot your atari to
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enter your freshly build system. If you didn't, get back to section
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1 (How to boot the miniroot). Just substitute 'rd0' by your NetBSD
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root disk.
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Some extra remarks:
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===================
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If you don't want to use the bootloader. You could use the following
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setup:
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Reserve a small GEMDOS partition of about 4Mb. This is
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enough to put in a few kernels. Put the netbsd kernel
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into this partition. Also, edit your /etc/fstab to always
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mount this partition, say as /kernels. Now make a symlink
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from /netbsd to /kernels/netbsd.
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This sceme is particulary handy when you want to make your
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own kernel. When compilation is finished, you just copy
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your kernel to /kernels/netbsd and reboot. It's wise to
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make sure there is _always_ a 'known to work' kernel image
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present.
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