478 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
478 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.11 2000/05/03 17:12:16 itojun Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.
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Installing
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.Nx
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is a relatively complex process, but if you have
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this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the
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information which is presented to you by the install program, it
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shouldn't be too much trouble.
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.Pp
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Before you begin, you should know the geometry of your hard disk, i.e.
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the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not
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currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of
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tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the
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number of cylinders on the disk. The
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.Nx
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kernel will try to
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discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them
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at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints.
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(You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with
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another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the
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kernel can't figure out its geometry.)
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.Pp
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You should now be ready to install NetBSD. It might be handy for you
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to have a pencil, some paper, and a calculator handy.
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.Pp
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The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while
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getting
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.Nx
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installed on your hard disk. If any question has a
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default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the
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question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C
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at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation
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process again from scratch.
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.Bl -enum
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.It
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Boot your machine using of boot floppy. If the boot prompt
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does not appear in a reasonable amount of time, you either
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have a bad boot floppy or a hardware problem. Try writing the
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boot floppy image to a different disk, and using that. If it
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still doesn't work,
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.Nx
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probably can't be run on your
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hardware. This can probably be considered a bug, so you might
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want to report it. If you do, please include as many details
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about your system configuration as you can.
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.Pp
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It will take a while to load the kernel from the floppy,
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probably around a minute or so.
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.It
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You will then be presented with the
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.Nx
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kernel boot
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messages. You will want to read them, to determine your
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disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like
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"sd0" and the geometry will be printed on a line that
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begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your
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disk's geometry when creating NetBSD's partitions. You will
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also need to know the name, to tell the install tools what
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disk to install on.
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.It
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You will be presented with a welcome message and a prompt
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asking whether you are going to "install" NetBSD or "upgrade"
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an exisiting system. Select "install" to start installation.
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.It
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You will be presented a prompt asking if you wish to proceed
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with the installation process. If you wish to proceed,
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enter "y" and hit return.
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.It
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The install program will then tell you which disks it can
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install on, and ask you which it should use.
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Reply with the name of your disk.
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.It
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You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The
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default response is "mysd", and for most purposes it will be
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OK. If you choose to name it something different, make sure
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the name is a single word and contains no special characters.
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You don't need to remember this name.
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.It
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You will be prompted for your disk's geometry information,
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i.e. the number of bytes per sector, cylinders on the disk,
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tracks per cylinder (heads), and sectors per track. Enter
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them when they are requested. If you make a mistake, hit
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Control-C and when you get to the shell prompt, restart the
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install process by running the "install" command. Once you
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have entered this data, the install program will tell you the
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total size of your disk, in both sectors, and cylinders.
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Remember this number; if you're installing on the whole disk,
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you'll need it again soon.
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.It
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When describing your partitions, you will have the option of
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entering data about them in units of disk sectors or
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cylinders. If you choose to enter the information in units of
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sectors, remember that, for optimal performance, partitions
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should begin and end on cylinder boundaries. You will be
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asked about which units you wish to use, and you should reply
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with "c" for cylinders, or "s" for sectors.
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.It
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You will be asked to enter the size of your
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.Nx
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root
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partition. It should be at least 20M, but if you are going to
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be doing development, 25M is a more desirable size. This
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size should be expressed in units of sectors or cylinders,
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depending on which you said you wanted to use.
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.It
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Next, you will be asked for the size of your swap partition.
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You should probably allocate twice as much swap space as you
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have real memory. Systems that will be heavily used should
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have more swap space allocated, and systems that will be
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lightly used can get by with less. If you want the system to
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be able to save crash dumps when it panics, you will need at
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least as much swap space as you have RAM. Again, this number
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should be expressed in units of sectors or cylinders, as
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appropriate.
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.It
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The install program will then ask you for information about
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the rest of the partitions you want on your disk. For most
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purposes, you will want only one more partition, "/usr".
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(Machines used as servers will probably also want /var as a
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separate partition. That can be done with these installation
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tools, but is not covered here.) The install program will
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tell you how much space there is left to be allocated in the
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NetBSD area of the disk, and, if you only want one more
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partition ("/usr"), you should enter it at the prompt when the
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installer asks you how large the next partition should be.
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It will then ask you for the name of the mount point for that
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partition. If you're doing a basic installation, that is
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"/usr".
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.It
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.Em You are now at the
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.Em point of no return .
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Nothing has been
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written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to
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install NetBSD, your hard drive will be modified, and its
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contents may be scrambled at the whim of the install program.
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This is especially likely if you have given the install
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program incorrect information. If you are sure you want to
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proceed, enter "yes" at the prompt.
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.It
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The install program will now label your disk and make the file
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systems you specified. The filesystems will be initialized to
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contain
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.Nx
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bootstrapping binaries and configuration files.
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It will also create an /etc/fstab for your system, and mount
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all of the file systems under /mnt. (In other words, your root
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partition will be mounted on /mnt, your /usr partition on
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/mnt/usr, and so on.) There should be no errors in this
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section of the installation. If there are, restart from the
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beginning of the installation process.
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.It
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You will be placed at a shell prompt ("#"). The remaining
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tasks are to copy the kernel from the kernel copy floppy to
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the hard drive's root filesystem and install the distribution
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sets. The flow of installation differs depending on your
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hardware resources, and on what media the distribution sets
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reside.
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.El
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Em To\ install\ from\ removable\ hard disk
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.Pp
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The first thing you should do is pick a temporary
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directory where the distribution files can be stored.
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To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter
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the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget
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that your disk is mounted under
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.Pa /mnt ;
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you should
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probably pick a directory under
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.Pa /mnt/usr . )
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The
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default is /mnt/usr/distrib.
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.Pp
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Insert the media onto the drive. Check the device
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name of your drive from the boot message. The device
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name is something like "sd2" depending on the SCSI
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disk drives connected to your machine. Note that the
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boot message can be displayed with the command
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.Ic more /kern/msgbuf .
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.Pp
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Mount the disk on the temporary directory with a
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command like:
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.D1 Ic mount -t msdos /dev/sd2c Ar tmp_dir
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if your removable drive's name is sd2.
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.Pp
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Run the
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.Ic Extract
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command once for each distribution
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set you wish to install. For instance, if you wish to
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install the
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.Sy base
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distribution set, followed by the
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.Sy kern
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distribution set, and finally the
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.Sy etc
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distribution set, use the commands:
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.D1 Ic Extract base
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.D1 Ic Extract kern
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.D1 Ic Extract etc
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.Pp
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For each extraction, it will ask you if the extraction
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should be verbose. If you reply affirmatively, it
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will print out the name of each file that's being
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extracted.
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.It Em To install from floppy
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.Pp
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The first thing you should do is pick a temporary
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directory where the distribution files can be stored.
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To do this, enter the command
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.Ic Set_tmp_dir ,
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and enter
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the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget
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that if your disk is still mounted under /mnt; you
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should probably pick a directory under /mnt/usr.)
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.Pp
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After you have picked a temporary directory, enter the
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.Ic Load_fd
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command, to load the distribution sets from
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your floppies.
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.Pp
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You will be asked which floppy drive to use. Enter
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"0" (zero) if you're using the first floppy drive
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(i.e. what DOS would call "A:"), or enter "1" if
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you're using the second.
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.Pp
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You will be prompted to insert a floppy into the drive,
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to have its contents copied to your hard disk. Do so,
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and hit return to begin copying. When that is done,
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read the remainder of the floppies that contain the
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distribution sets that you want to install, one by
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one. When the last is read, and you are being
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prompted for another, hit Control-C.
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.Pp
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Run the "Extract" command once for each distribution
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set you wish to install. For instance, if you wish to
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install the "base" distribution set, followed by the
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"kern" distribution set, and finally the "etc"
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distribution set, use the commands:
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.D1 Ic Extract base
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.D1 Ic Extract kern
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.D1 Ic Extract etc
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.Pp
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For each extraction, it will ask you if the extraction
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should be verbose. If you reply affirmatively, it
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will print out the name of each file that's being
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extracted.
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.Pp
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.(Note
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If you know that you will be running low on
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disk space when installing NetBSD, you can load and
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extract one distribution set at a time. To do this,
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load only the floppies which contain the files for the
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first distribution set, extract them, and then change
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to the temporary directory and remove them with the
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command "rm set_name.??".
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.Note)
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.Pp
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Once you are finished extracting all of the sets that
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you wish to install, you should proceed to the
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instructions below (after the last install medium
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type-specific instructions), that explain how you
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should configure your system.
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.
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.It Em To install from tape
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.Pp
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The first thing you should do is pick a temporary
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directory where the distribution files can be stored.
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To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter
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the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget
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that your disk is mounted under /mnt; you should
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probably pick a directory under /mnt/usr.) The
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default is /mnt/usr/distrib.
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.Pp
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After you have picked a temporary directory, enter the
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"Load_tape" command, to load the distribution sets from
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tape.
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.Pp
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You will be asked which tape drive to use. The
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default is "rst0", which is correct if you're using
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the SCSI tape drive with the lowest SCSI ID number.
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(For the SCSI tape drive with the next lowest SCSI ID
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number, you should use "rst1", and so on.)
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.Pp
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You will be prompted to hit return when you have
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inserted the tape into the tape drive. When you do,
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the contents of the tape will be extracted into the
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temporary directory, and the names of the files being
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extracted will be printed.
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.Pp
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After the tape has been extracted, to go the directory
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containing the first distribution set you wish to
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install. (Depending on how you made the tape, it's
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probably a subdirectory of the temporary directory you
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specified above.) Once there, run the "Set_tmp_dir"
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command again, and accept its default answer by
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hitting return at the prompt.
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.Pp
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Use the
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.Ic Extract
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command to extract the distribution
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set. For instance, if you're extracting the "base"
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set, use the command:
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.Ic Extract base
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You will be asked if you wish the extraction to be
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verbose. If you reply affirmatively, the name of each
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file being extracted will be printed.
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.Pp
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Repeat the previous two steps for each distribution
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set you wish to install. Change to the set's
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directory, run "Set_tmp_dir", and then run
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.Sy Extract Ar set_name
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to extract the set.
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.Pp
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Once you are finished extracting all of the sets that
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you wish to install, you should proceed to the
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instructions below (after the last install medium
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type-specific instructions), that explain how you
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should configure your system.
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.
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.It Em To install via FTP or NFS
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.Pp
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The first thing you should do is pick a temporary
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directory where the distribution files can be stored.
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To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter
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the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget
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that your disk is mounted under
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.Pa /mnt ;
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you should
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probably pick a directory under
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.Pa /mnt/usr . )
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The default is
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.Pa /mnt/usr/distrib .
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.Pp
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Configure the network interface. To use SLIP, type the following
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command sequence:
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.D1 Ic slattach\ -h\ -s Ar speed Ic tty00
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.D1 Ic ifconfig\ sl0 Ar my_ipaddr peer_ipaddr
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where
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.Ar speed
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is the network speed, and
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.Ar my_ipaddr
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is the numeric IP address of the machine you are going
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to install NetBSD/x68k, while
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.Ar peer_ipaddr
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is the
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address of the peer machine connected with your machine.
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You might have to configure the peer SLIP interface
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with similar sequence (depending on the peer system).
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.Pp
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For instance, the sequence
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.D1 Ic "slattach -h -s 38400 tty00
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.D1 Ic "ifconfig sl0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.10
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configures the SLIP interface for the network between
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your machine (with IP address 192.168.0.1) and the peer
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(192.168.0.10) with speed 38400 bps. Note that IP
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addresses 192.168.*.* are the private IP addresses
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described in RFC 1597.
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.Pp
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To use ethernet, do following:
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.D1 Ic ifconfig\ ne0 Ar my_ipaddr
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where
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.Ar my_ipaddr
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is the numeric IP address of the machine you are going
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to install NetBSD/x68k. ne0 is the interface name which correspond to
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the Neptune-X or clone.
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.Pp
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If you are NFS-mounting the distribution sets, mount
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them on the temporary directory with a command like:
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.
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.D1 mount\ -t\ nfs Ar serv_ipaddr:dist_dir tmp_dir
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where
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.Ar serv_ipaddr
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is the server's numeric IP address,
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.Ar dist_dir
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is the path to the distribution files on
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the server, and
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.Ar tmp_dir
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is the name of the local
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temporary directory.
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.Pp
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Once this is done, proceed as if you had loaded the
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files from tape, changing to the appropriate
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directories, running
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.Ic "Set_tmp_dir"
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and running
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.Ic "Extract"
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as appropriate.
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.Pp
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If you are retrieving the distribution sets using ftp,
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change into the temporary directory, and execute the
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command:
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.D1 Ic ftp Ar serv_ipaddr
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where
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.D1 Ar serv_ipaddr
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is once again the server's numeric
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IP address. Get the files with FTP, taking care to
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use binary mode when transferring the files.
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.Pp
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Once you have all of the files for the distribution
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sets that you wish to install, you can proceed using
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the instructions above, as if you had installed from a
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floppy.
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.(Note
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As with the floppy install, if
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you're short on disk space, you can transfer only one
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set at a time, extract it, and then delete it in
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order to save space.)
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.Note)
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.El
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.Pp
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|
Once you have finished extracting all of the distribution sets
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.Pp
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that you wish to install, and are back at the "#" prompt, you
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are ready to configure your system. The configuration utility
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expects that you have installed the "base" and "etc"
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distribution sets. If you have not, you will not be able to
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run it successfully (nor will you have a functional system, in
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any case). To configure your newly-installed
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.Nx
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system,
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run the command "Configure". It will ask you for the system's
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host name, domain name, and other network configuration
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information. It will set up your configuration files and make
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the device nodes for the newly-installed system.
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.Pp
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|
Congratulations, you have successfully installed
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.Nx \*V . When you
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reboot into NetBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt.
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|
There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a
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networked environment, you should create yourself an account and
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protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.
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.Pp
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|
Some of the files in the
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.Nx \*V
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|
distribution might need to be
|
|
tailored for your site. In particular, the
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.Pa /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
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|
file will
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|
almost definitely need to be adjusted, and other files in
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.Pa /etc
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|
including
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|
.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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|
will probably need to be modified, as well. If
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|
you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like system administration, it's
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|
recommended that you buy a book that discusses it.
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