NetBSD/sys/netinet6/in6_proto.c

610 lines
17 KiB
C

/* $NetBSD: in6_proto.c,v 1.121 2018/02/07 10:52:20 maxv Exp $ */
/* $KAME: in6_proto.c,v 1.66 2000/10/10 15:35:47 itojun Exp $ */
/*
* Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
* Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* @(#)in_proto.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/10/93
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: in6_proto.c,v 1.121 2018/02/07 10:52:20 maxv Exp $");
#ifdef _KERNEL_OPT
#include "opt_gateway.h"
#include "opt_inet.h"
#include "opt_ipsec.h"
#include "opt_dccp.h"
#include "opt_sctp.h"
#include "opt_net_mpsafe.h"
#endif
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/protosw.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/domain.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/in_var.h>
#include <netinet/ip_encap.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
#include <netinet/ip6.h>
#include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
#include <netinet/icmp6.h>
#include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
#include <netinet/tcpip.h>
#include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
#include <netinet6/udp6.h>
#include <netinet6/udp6_var.h>
#ifdef DCCP
#include <netinet/dccp.h>
#include <netinet/dccp_var.h>
#include <netinet6/dccp6_var.h>
#endif
#ifdef SCTP
#include <netinet/sctp_pcb.h>
#include <netinet/sctp.h>
#include <netinet/sctp_var.h>
#include <netinet6/sctp6_var.h>
#endif
#include <netinet6/pim6_var.h>
#ifdef IPSEC
#include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
#include <netipsec/ipsec6.h>
#include <netipsec/key.h>
#endif
#include "carp.h"
#if NCARP > 0
#include <netinet/ip_carp.h>
#endif
#include "etherip.h"
#if NETHERIP > 0
#include <netinet6/ip6_etherip.h>
#endif
#include <netinet6/ip6protosw.h>
#include <net/net_osdep.h>
/*
* TCP/IP protocol family: IP6, ICMP6, UDP, TCP.
*/
DOMAIN_DEFINE(inet6domain); /* forward declare and add to link set */
/* Wrappers to acquire kernel_lock. */
PR_WRAP_CTLINPUT(rip6_ctlinput)
PR_WRAP_CTLINPUT(encap6_ctlinput)
PR_WRAP_CTLINPUT(udp6_ctlinput)
PR_WRAP_CTLINPUT(tcp6_ctlinput)
#define rip6_ctlinput rip6_ctlinput_wrapper
#define encap6_ctlinput encap6_ctlinput_wrapper
#define udp6_ctlinput udp6_ctlinput_wrapper
#define tcp6_ctlinput tcp6_ctlinput_wrapper
PR_WRAP_CTLOUTPUT(rip6_ctloutput)
PR_WRAP_CTLOUTPUT(tcp_ctloutput)
PR_WRAP_CTLOUTPUT(udp6_ctloutput)
PR_WRAP_CTLOUTPUT(icmp6_ctloutput)
#define rip6_ctloutput rip6_ctloutput_wrapper
#define tcp_ctloutput tcp_ctloutput_wrapper
#define udp6_ctloutput udp6_ctloutput_wrapper
#define icmp6_ctloutput icmp6_ctloutput_wrapper
#if defined(DCCP)
PR_WRAP_CTLINPUT(dccp6_ctlinput)
PR_WRAP_CTLOUTPUT(dccp_ctloutput)
#define dccp6_ctlinput dccp6_ctlinput_wrapper
#define dccp_ctloutput dccp_ctloutput_wrapper
#endif
#if defined(SCTP)
PR_WRAP_CTLINPUT(sctp6_ctlinput)
PR_WRAP_CTLOUTPUT(sctp_ctloutput)
#define sctp6_ctlinput sctp6_ctlinput_wrapper
#define sctp_ctloutput sctp_ctloutput_wrapper
#endif
#ifdef NET_MPSAFE
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(udp6_input)
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(tcp6_input)
#ifdef DCCP
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(dccp6_input)
#endif
#ifdef SCTP
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(sctp6_input)
#endif
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(rip6_input)
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(dest6_input)
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(route6_input)
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(frag6_input)
#if NETHERIP > 0
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(ip6_etherip_input)
#endif
#if NPFSYNC > 0
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(pfsync_input)
#endif
PR_WRAP_INPUT6(pim6_input)
#define udp6_input udp6_input_wrapper
#define tcp6_input tcp6_input_wrapper
#define dccp6_input dccp6_input_wrapper
#define sctp6_input sctp6_input_wrapper
#define rip6_input rip6_input_wrapper
#define dest6_input dest6_input_wrapper
#define route6_input route6_input_wrapper
#define frag6_input frag6_input_wrapper
#define ip6_etherip_input ip6_etherip_input_wrapper
#define pim6_input pim6_input_wrapper
#endif
#if defined(IPSEC)
#ifdef IPSEC_RUMPKERNEL
/*
* .pr_input = ipsec6_common_input won't be resolved on loading
* the ipsec shared library. We need a wrapper anyway.
*/
static int
ipsec6_common_input_wrapper(struct mbuf **mp, int *offp, int proto)
{
if (ipsec_enabled) {
return ipsec6_common_input(mp, offp, proto);
} else {
m_freem(*mp);
return IPPROTO_DONE;
}
}
#define ipsec6_common_input ipsec6_common_input_wrapper
/* The ctlinput functions may not be loaded */
#define IPSEC_WRAP_CTLINPUT(name) \
static void * \
name##_wrapper(int a, const struct sockaddr *b, void *c)\
{ \
void *rv; \
KERNEL_LOCK(1, NULL); \
if (ipsec_enabled) \
rv = name(a, b, c); \
else \
rv = NULL; \
KERNEL_UNLOCK_ONE(NULL); \
return rv; \
}
IPSEC_WRAP_CTLINPUT(ah6_ctlinput)
IPSEC_WRAP_CTLINPUT(esp6_ctlinput)
#else /* !IPSEC_RUMPKERNEL */
PR_WRAP_CTLINPUT(ah6_ctlinput)
PR_WRAP_CTLINPUT(esp6_ctlinput)
#endif /* !IPSEC_RUMPKERNEL */
#define ah6_ctlinput ah6_ctlinput_wrapper
#define esp6_ctlinput esp6_ctlinput_wrapper
#endif /* IPSEC */
static void
tcp6_init(void)
{
icmp6_mtudisc_callback_register(tcp6_mtudisc_callback);
tcp_init_common(sizeof(struct ip6_hdr));
}
const struct ip6protosw inet6sw[] = {
{ .pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_IPV6,
.pr_init = ip6_init,
.pr_fasttimo = frag6_fasttimo,
.pr_slowtimo = frag6_slowtimo,
.pr_drain = frag6_drainstub,
},
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR|PR_LASTHDR,
.pr_input = icmp6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = rip6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = icmp6_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &rip6_usrreqs,
.pr_init = icmp6_init,
},
{ .pr_type = SOCK_DGRAM,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR|PR_PURGEIF,
.pr_input = udp6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = udp6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = udp6_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &udp6_usrreqs,
.pr_init = udp6_init,
},
{ .pr_type = SOCK_STREAM,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP,
.pr_flags = PR_CONNREQUIRED|PR_WANTRCVD|PR_LISTEN|PR_ABRTACPTDIS|PR_PURGEIF,
.pr_input = tcp6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = tcp6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = tcp_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &tcp_usrreqs,
.pr_init = tcp6_init,
.pr_fasttimo = tcp_fasttimo,
.pr_drain = tcp_drainstub,
},
#ifdef DCCP
{ .pr_type = SOCK_CONN_DGRAM,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_DCCP,
.pr_flags = PR_CONNREQUIRED|PR_ATOMIC|PR_LISTEN,
.pr_input = dccp6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = dccp6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = dccp_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &dccp6_usrreqs,
#ifndef INET
.pr_init = dccp_init,
#endif
},
#endif /* DCCP */
#ifdef SCTP
{ .pr_type = SOCK_DGRAM,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_SCTP,
.pr_flags = PR_ADDR_OPT|PR_WANTRCVD,
.pr_input = sctp6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = sctp6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = sctp_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &sctp6_usrreqs,
.pr_drain = sctp_drain,
},
{ .pr_type = SOCK_SEQPACKET,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_SCTP,
.pr_flags = PR_ADDR_OPT|PR_WANTRCVD,
.pr_input = sctp6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = sctp6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = sctp_ctloutput,
.pr_drain = sctp_drain,
},
{ .pr_type = SOCK_STREAM,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_SCTP,
.pr_flags = PR_CONNREQUIRED|PR_ADDR_OPT|PR_WANTRCVD|PR_LISTEN,
.pr_input = sctp6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = sctp6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = sctp_ctloutput,
.pr_drain = sctp_drain,
},
#endif /* SCTP */
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_RAW,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR|PR_PURGEIF,
.pr_input = rip6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = rip6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = rip6_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &rip6_usrreqs,
},
#ifdef GATEWAY
{ .pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_IPV6,
.pr_slowtimo = ip6flow_slowtimo,
.pr_init = ip6flow_poolinit,
},
#endif /* GATEWAY */
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_DSTOPTS,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR,
.pr_input = dest6_input,
},
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_ROUTING,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR,
.pr_input = route6_input,
},
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_FRAGMENT,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR,
.pr_input = frag6_input,
},
#ifdef IPSEC
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_AH,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR,
.pr_input = ipsec6_common_input,
.pr_ctlinput = ah6_ctlinput,
},
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_ESP,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR,
.pr_input = ipsec6_common_input,
.pr_ctlinput = esp6_ctlinput,
},
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_IPCOMP,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR,
.pr_input = ipsec6_common_input,
},
#endif /* IPSEC */
#ifdef INET
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_IPV4,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR|PR_LASTHDR,
.pr_input = encap6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = encap6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = rip6_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &rip6_usrreqs,
.pr_init = encap_init,
},
#endif
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_IPV6,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR|PR_LASTHDR,
.pr_input = encap6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = encap6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = rip6_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &rip6_usrreqs,
.pr_init = encap_init,
},
#if NETHERIP > 0
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_ETHERIP,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR|PR_LASTHDR,
.pr_input = ip6_etherip_input,
.pr_ctlinput = rip6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = rip6_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &rip6_usrreqs,
},
#endif
#if NCARP > 0
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_CARP,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR,
.pr_input = carp6_proto_input,
.pr_ctloutput = rip6_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &rip6_usrreqs,
},
#endif /* NCARP */
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_L2TP,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR|PR_LASTHDR,
.pr_input = encap6_input,
.pr_ctlinput = rip6_ctlinput,
.pr_ctloutput = rip6_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &rip6_usrreqs,
.pr_init = encap_init,
},
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_protocol = IPPROTO_PIM,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR|PR_LASTHDR,
.pr_input = pim6_input,
.pr_ctloutput = rip6_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &rip6_usrreqs,
.pr_init = pim6_init,
},
/* raw wildcard */
{ .pr_type = SOCK_RAW,
.pr_domain = &inet6domain,
.pr_flags = PR_ATOMIC|PR_ADDR|PR_LASTHDR,
.pr_input = rip6_input,
.pr_ctloutput = rip6_ctloutput,
.pr_usrreqs = &rip6_usrreqs,
.pr_init = rip6_init,
},
};
static const struct sockaddr_in6 in6_any = {
.sin6_len = sizeof(in6_any)
, .sin6_family = AF_INET6
, .sin6_port = 0
, .sin6_flowinfo = 0
, .sin6_addr = IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT
, .sin6_scope_id = 0
};
bool in6_present = false;
static void
in6_dom_init(void)
{
in6_present = true;
}
struct domain inet6domain = {
.dom_family = AF_INET6, .dom_name = "internet6",
.dom_init = in6_dom_init, .dom_externalize = NULL, .dom_dispose = NULL,
.dom_protosw = (const struct protosw *)inet6sw,
.dom_protoswNPROTOSW = (const struct protosw *)&inet6sw[sizeof(inet6sw)/sizeof(inet6sw[0])],
.dom_rtattach = rt_inithead,
.dom_rtoffset = offsetof(struct sockaddr_in6, sin6_addr) << 3,
.dom_maxrtkey = sizeof(struct ip_pack6),
.dom_if_up = in6_if_up, .dom_if_down = in6_if_down,
.dom_ifattach = in6_domifattach, .dom_ifdetach = in6_domifdetach,
.dom_if_link_state_change = in6_if_link_state_change,
.dom_ifqueues = { NULL, NULL },
.dom_link = { NULL },
.dom_mowner = MOWNER_INIT("",""),
.dom_sa_cmpofs = offsetof(struct sockaddr_in6, sin6_addr),
.dom_sa_cmplen = sizeof(struct in6_addr),
.dom_sa_any = (const struct sockaddr *)&in6_any,
.dom_sockaddr_externalize = sockaddr_in6_externalize,
};
#if 0
int
sockaddr_in6_cmp(const struct sockaddr *lsa, const struct sockaddr *rsa)
{
uint_fast8_t len;
const uint_fast8_t addrofs = offsetof(struct sockaddr_in6, sin6_addr),
addrend = addrofs + sizeof(struct in6_addr);
int rc;
const struct sockaddr_in6 *lsin6, *rsin6;
lsin6 = satocsin6(lsa);
rsin6 = satocsin6(rsa);
len = MIN(addrend, MIN(lsin6->sin6_len, rsin6->sin6_len));
if (len > addrofs &&
(rc = memcmp(&lsin6->sin6_addr, &rsin6->sin6_addr,
len - addrofs)) != 0)
return rc;
return lsin6->sin6_len - rsin6->sin6_len;
}
#endif
/*
* Internet configuration info
*/
#ifdef GATEWAY6
#define IPV6FORWARDING 1 /* forward IP6 packets not for us */
#else
#define IPV6FORWARDING 0 /* don't forward IP6 packets not for us */
#endif
int ip6_forwarding = IPV6FORWARDING; /* act as router? */
int ip6_sendredirects = 1;
int ip6_defhlim = IPV6_DEFHLIM;
int ip6_defmcasthlim = IPV6_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_HOPS;
int ip6_accept_rtadv = 0;
int ip6_maxfragpackets = 200;
int ip6_maxfrags = 200;
int ip6_log_interval = 5;
int ip6_hdrnestlimit = 15;
int ip6_dad_count = 1; /* DupAddrDetectionTransmits */
int ip6_auto_flowlabel = 1;
int ip6_use_deprecated = 1; /* allow deprecated addr (RFC2462 5.5.4) */
int ip6_rr_prune = 5; /* router renumbering prefix
* walk list every 5 sec. */
int ip6_mcast_pmtu = 0; /* enable pMTU discovery for multicast? */
int ip6_v6only = 1;
int ip6_neighborgcthresh = 2048; /* Threshold # of NDP entries for GC */
int ip6_maxifprefixes = 16; /* Max acceptable prefixes via RA per IF */
int ip6_maxifdefrouters = 16; /* Max acceptable def routers via RA */
int ip6_maxdynroutes = 4096; /* Max # of routes created via redirect */
int ip6_keepfaith = 0;
time_t ip6_log_time = 0;
int ip6_rtadv_maxroutes = 100; /* (arbitrary) initial maximum number of
* routes via rtadv expected to be
* significantly larger than common use.
* if you need to count: 3 extra initial
* routes, plus 1 per interface after the
* first one, then one per non-linklocal
* prefix */
/* icmp6 */
int pmtu_expire = 60*10;
/* raw IP6 parameters */
/*
* Nominal space allocated to a raw ip socket.
*/
#define RIPV6SNDQ 8192
#define RIPV6RCVQ 8192
u_long rip6_sendspace = RIPV6SNDQ;
u_long rip6_recvspace = RIPV6RCVQ;
/* ICMPV6 parameters */
int icmp6_rediraccept = 1; /* accept and process redirects */
int icmp6_redirtimeout = 10 * 60; /* 10 minutes */
int icmp6errppslim = 100; /* 100pps */
int icmp6_nodeinfo = 1; /* enable/disable NI response */