294 lines
9.3 KiB
Groff
294 lines
9.3 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1983 The Regents of the University of California.
|
|
.\" All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)format.8 6.6 (Berkeley) 4/20/91
|
|
.\"
|
|
.TH FORMAT 8 "April 20, 1991"
|
|
.UC 4
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
format \- how to format disk packs
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
.PP
|
|
There are two ways to format disk packs. The simplest is to
|
|
use the
|
|
.I format
|
|
program. The alternative is to use the DEC standard formatting
|
|
software which operates under the DEC diagnostic supervisor.
|
|
This manual page describes the operation of
|
|
.IR format ,
|
|
then concludes with some remarks about using the DEC formatter.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.I Format
|
|
is a standalone program used to
|
|
format and check disks prior to constructing
|
|
file systems.
|
|
In addition to the formatting
|
|
operation,
|
|
.I format
|
|
records any bad sectors encountered
|
|
according to DEC standard 144.
|
|
Formatting is performed one track at a
|
|
time by writing the appropriate
|
|
headers and a test pattern and then checking
|
|
the sector by reading and verifying the pattern, using
|
|
the controller's ECC for error detection.
|
|
A sector is marked bad if an unrecoverable media
|
|
error is detected, or if a correctable
|
|
ECC error too many bits in length
|
|
is detected (such errors are indicated as
|
|
``ECC'' in the summary printed upon
|
|
completing the format operation).
|
|
After the entire disk
|
|
has been formatted and checked,
|
|
the total number of errors are reported,
|
|
any bad sectors and skip sectors are marked,
|
|
and a bad sector forwarding table
|
|
is written to the disk in the first five
|
|
even numbered sectors of the last track.
|
|
It is also possible to reformat sections of the disk
|
|
in units of tracks.
|
|
.I Format
|
|
may be used on any UNIBUS or MASSBUS drive
|
|
supported by the \fIup\fP and \fIhp\fP device
|
|
drivers which uses 4-byte headers (everything except RP's).
|
|
.PP
|
|
The test pattern used during the media check
|
|
may be selected from one of: 0xf00f (RH750 worst case),
|
|
0xec6d (media worst case), and 0xa5a5 (alternating
|
|
1's and 0's).
|
|
Normally the media worst case pattern is used.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.I Format
|
|
also has an option to perform an extended \*(lqsevere burn-in,\*(rq
|
|
which makes a number of passes using different patterns.
|
|
The number of passes can be selected at run time,
|
|
up to a maximum of 48,
|
|
with provision for additional passes or termination
|
|
after the preselected number of passes.
|
|
This test runs for many hours, depending on the disk and processor.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Each time
|
|
.I format
|
|
is run to format an entire disk,
|
|
a completely new bad sector table is generated
|
|
based on errors encountered while formatting.
|
|
The device driver, however, will always attempt to
|
|
read any existing bad sector table when the device is
|
|
first opened.
|
|
Thus, if a disk pack has never previously been formatted,
|
|
or has been formatted with different sectoring,
|
|
five error messages will be printed when the driver attempts
|
|
to read the bad sector table; these diagnostics should be ignored.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Formatting a 400 megabyte disk on a MASSBUS disk controller
|
|
usually takes about 20 minutes.
|
|
Formatting on a UNIBUS disk controller takes significantly
|
|
longer.
|
|
For every hundredth cylinder formatted
|
|
.I format
|
|
prints a message indicating the current cylinder being formatted.
|
|
(This message is just to reassure people that nothing is
|
|
is amiss.)
|
|
.PP
|
|
.I Format
|
|
uses the standard notation of the standalone I/O library
|
|
in identifying a drive to be formatted. A drive is
|
|
specified as
|
|
.IR zz ( x , y ),
|
|
where
|
|
.I zz
|
|
refers to the controller type (either
|
|
.I hp
|
|
or
|
|
.IR up ),
|
|
.I x
|
|
is the unit number of the drive;
|
|
8 times the UNIBUS or MASSBUS
|
|
adaptor number plus the MASSBUS drive number or UNIBUS
|
|
drive unit number; and
|
|
.I y
|
|
is the file system partition
|
|
on drive
|
|
.I x
|
|
(this should always be 0).
|
|
For example, ``hp(1,0)'' indicates that drive
|
|
1 on MASSBUS adaptor 0 should be formatted; while
|
|
``up(10,0)'' indicates that UNIBUS drive 2 on UNIBUS adaptor 1
|
|
should be formatted.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Before each formatting attempt,
|
|
.I format
|
|
prompts the user in case debugging should be enabled
|
|
in the appropriate device driver. A carriage return
|
|
disables debugging information.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.I Format
|
|
should be used prior to building file systems (with
|
|
.IR newfs (8))
|
|
to insure that all sectors with uncorrectable media errors
|
|
are remapped. If a drive develops uncorrectable
|
|
defects after formatting, either
|
|
.IR bad144 (8)
|
|
or
|
|
.IR badsect (8)
|
|
should be able to avoid the bad sectors.
|
|
.SH EXAMPLE
|
|
A sample run of
|
|
.I format
|
|
is shown below.
|
|
In this example (using a VAX-11/780),
|
|
.I format
|
|
is loaded from the console floppy;
|
|
on an 11/750
|
|
.I format
|
|
will be loaded from the root file system with
|
|
.IR boot (8)
|
|
following a \*(lqB/3\*(rq command.
|
|
Boldface means user input.
|
|
As usual, ``#'' and ``@'' may be used to edit input.
|
|
.nf
|
|
.in +0.5i
|
|
.ta 1i
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
>>>\fBL FORMAT\fP
|
|
LOAD DONE, 00004400 BYTES LOADED
|
|
>>>\fBS 2\fP
|
|
Disk format/check utility
|
|
.sp
|
|
Enable debugging (0=none, 1=bse, 2=ecc, 3=bse+ecc)? \fB0\fP
|
|
Device to format? \fBhp(8,0)\fP
|
|
(\fIerror messages may occur as old bad sector table is read\fP)
|
|
Formatting drive hp0 on adaptor 1: verify (yes/no)? \fByes\fP
|
|
Device data: #cylinders=842, #tracks=20, #sectors=48
|
|
Starting cylinder (0):
|
|
Starting track (0):
|
|
Ending cylinder (841):
|
|
Ending track (19):
|
|
Available test patterns are:
|
|
.in +1.0i
|
|
1 - (f00f) RH750 worst case
|
|
2 - (ec6d) media worst case
|
|
3 - (a5a5) alternating 1's and 0's
|
|
4 - (ffff) Severe burnin (up to 48 passes)
|
|
.in -1.0i
|
|
Pattern (one of the above, other to restart)? \fB2\fP
|
|
Maximum number of bit errors to allow for soft ECC (3):
|
|
Start formatting...make sure the drive is online
|
|
...
|
|
(\fIsoft ecc's and other errors are reported as they occur\fP)
|
|
...
|
|
(\fIif 4 write check errors were found, the program terminates like this...\fP)
|
|
...
|
|
Errors:
|
|
Bad sector: 0
|
|
Write check: 4
|
|
Hard ECC: 0
|
|
Other hard: 0
|
|
Marked bad: 0
|
|
Skipped: 0
|
|
Total of 4 hard errors revectored.
|
|
Writing bad sector table at block 808272
|
|
(\fI808272 is the block # of the first block in the bad sector table\fP)
|
|
Done
|
|
(\fI...program restarts to allow formatting other disks\fP)
|
|
(\fI...to abort halt machine with ^P\fP)
|
|
.fi
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
The diagnostics are intended to be self explanatory.
|
|
.SH "USING DEC SOFTWARE TO FORMAT"
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B "Warning: These instructions are for people with 11/780 CPU's."
|
|
The steps needed for 11/750 or 11/730 cpu's are similar, but not
|
|
covered in detail here.
|
|
.I
|
|
.PP
|
|
The formatting procedures are different for each type of disk. Listed
|
|
here are the formatting procedures for RK07's, RP0X, and RM0X
|
|
disks.
|
|
.PP
|
|
You should shut down UNIX and halt the machine to do any disk formatting.
|
|
Make certain you put in the pack you want formatted. It is also a good idea
|
|
to spin down or write protect the disks you don't want to format, just in case.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B "Formatting an RK07."
|
|
Load the console floppy labeled, "RX11 VAX DSK LD DEV #1" in
|
|
the console disk drive, and type the following commands:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
>>>BOOT
|
|
DIAGNOSTIC SUPERVISOR. ZZ-ESSAA-X5.0-119 23-JAN-1980 12:44:40.03
|
|
DS>ATTACH DW780 SBI DW0 3 5
|
|
DS>ATTACH RK611 DMA
|
|
DS>ATTACH RK07 DW0 DMA0
|
|
DS>SELECT DMA0
|
|
DS>LOAD EVRAC
|
|
DS>START/SEC:PACKINIT
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B "Formatting an RP0X."
|
|
Follow the above procedures except that the
|
|
ATTACH and SELECT lines should read:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
DS>ATTACH RH780 SBI RH0 8 5
|
|
DS>ATTACH RP0X RH0 DBA0 (RP0X is, e.g. RP06)
|
|
DS>SELECT DBA0
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.PP
|
|
This is for drive 0 on mba0; use 9 instead of 8 for mba1, etc.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B "Formatting an RM0X."
|
|
Follow the above procedures except that the
|
|
ATTACH and SELECT lines should read:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
DS>ATTACH RH780 SBI RH0 8 5
|
|
DS>ATTACH RM0X RH0 DRA0
|
|
DS>SELECT DRA0
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.PP
|
|
Don't forget to put your UNIX console floppy back
|
|
in the floppy disk drive.
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
bad144(8),
|
|
badsect(8),
|
|
newfs(8)
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
An equivalent facility should be available which operates under
|
|
a running UNIX system.
|
|
.PP
|
|
It should be possible to reformat or verify part or all of a disk,
|
|
then update the existing bad sector table.
|