226 lines
7.9 KiB
Groff
226 lines
7.9 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: signal.3,v 1.10 1999/03/22 19:44:45 garbled Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)signal.3 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.Dd April 19, 1994
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.Dt SIGNAL 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm signal
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.Nd simplified software signal facilities
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <signal.h>
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.Ft void
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.\" can not do this with just .Fn yet
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.br
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.Po
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.Fn *signal "int sig" "void (*func)()"
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.Pc Ns \*(lp\*(rp
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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This
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.Fn signal
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facility
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is a simplified interface to the more general
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.Xr sigaction 2
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facility.
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.Pp
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Signals allow the manipulation of a process from outside its
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domain as well as allowing the process to manipulate itself or
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copies of itself (children). There are two general types of signals:
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those that cause termination of a process and those that do not.
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Signals which cause termination of a program might result from
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an irrecoverable error or might be the result of a user at a terminal
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typing the `interrupt' character.
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Signals are used when a process is stopped because it wishes to access
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its control terminal while in the background (see
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.Xr tty 4 ) .
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Signals are optionally generated
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when a process resumes after being stopped,
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when the status of child processes changes,
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or when input is ready at the control terminal.
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Most signals result in the termination of the process receiving them
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if no action
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is taken; some signals instead cause the process receiving them
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to be stopped, or are simply discarded if the process has not
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requested otherwise.
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Except for the
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.Dv SIGKILL
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and
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.Dv SIGSTOP
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signals, the
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.Fn signal
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function allows for a signal to be caught, to be ignored, or to generate
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an interrupt.
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These signals are defined in the file
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.Aq Pa signal.h :
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.Bl -column SIGVTALARMXX "create core imagexxx"
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.It Sy " Name " " Default Action " " Description"
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.It Dv SIGHUP No " terminate process" " terminal line hangup"
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.It Dv SIGINT No " terminate process" " interrupt program"
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.It Dv SIGQUIT No " create core image" " quit program"
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.It Dv SIGILL No " create core image" " illegal instruction"
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.It Dv SIGTRAP No " create core image" " trace trap"
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.It Dv SIGABRT No " create core image" Xr abort 3
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call (formerly
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.Dv SIGIOT )
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.It Dv SIGEMT No " create core image" " emulate instruction executed"
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.It Dv SIGFPE No " create core image" " floating-point exception"
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.It Dv SIGKILL No " terminate process" " kill program"
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.It Dv SIGBUS No " create core image" " bus error"
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.It Dv SIGSEGV No " create core image" " segmentation violation"
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.It Dv SIGSYS No " create core image" " system call given invalid argument"
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.It Dv SIGPIPE No " terminate process" " write on a pipe with no reader"
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.It Dv SIGALRM No " terminate process" " real-time timer expired"
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.It Dv SIGTERM No " terminate process" " software termination signal"
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.It Dv SIGURG No " discard signal" " urgent condition present on socket"
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.It Dv SIGSTOP No " stop process" " stop (cannot be caught or ignored)"
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.It Dv SIGTSTP No " stop process" " stop signal generated from keyboard"
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.It Dv SIGCONT No " discard signal" " continue after stop"
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.It Dv SIGCHLD No " discard signal" " child status has changed"
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.It Dv SIGTTIN No " stop process" " background read attempted from control terminal"
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.It Dv SIGTTOU No " stop process" " background write attempted to control terminal"
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.It Dv SIGIO No " discard signal" Tn " I/O"
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is possible on a descriptor (see
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.Xr fcntl 2 )
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.It Dv SIGXCPU No " terminate process" " cpu time limit exceeded (see"
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.Xr setrlimit 2 )
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.It Dv SIGXFSZ No " terminate process" " file size limit exceeded (see"
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.Xr setrlimit 2 )
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.It Dv SIGVTALRM No " terminate process" " virtual time alarm (see"
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.Xr setitimer 2 )
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.It Dv SIGPROF No " terminate process" " profiling timer alarm (see"
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.Xr setitimer 2 )
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.It Dv SIGWINCH No " discard signal" " Window size change"
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.It Dv SIGINFO No " discard signal" " status request from keyboard"
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.It Dv SIGUSR1 No " terminate process" " User defined signal 1"
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.It Dv SIGUSR2 No " terminate process" " User defined signal 2"
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa func
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procedure allows a user to choose the action upon receipt of a signal.
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To set the default action of the signal to occur as listed above,
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.Fa func
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should be
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.Dv SIG_DFL .
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A
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.Dv SIG_DFL
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resets the default action.
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To ignore the signal
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.Fa func
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should be
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.Dv SIG_IGN .
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This will cause subsequent instances of the signal to be ignored
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and pending instances to be discarded. If
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.Dv SIG_IGN
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is not used,
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further occurrences of the signal are
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automatically blocked and
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.Fa func
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is called.
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.Pp
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The handled signal is unblocked with the
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function returns and
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the process continues from where it left off when the signal occurred.
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.Bf -symbolic
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Unlike previous signal facilities, the handler
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func() remains installed after a signal has been delivered.
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.Ef
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.Pp
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For some system calls, if a signal is caught while the call is
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executing and the call is prematurely terminated,
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the call is automatically restarted.
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(The handler is installed using the
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.Dv SA_RESTART
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flag with
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.Xr sigaction 2 ) .
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The affected system calls include
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.Xr read 2 ,
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.Xr write 2 ,
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.Xr sendto 2 ,
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.Xr recvfrom 2 ,
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.Xr sendmsg 2
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and
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.Xr recvmsg 2
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on a communications channel or a low speed device
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and during a
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.Xr ioctl 2
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or
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.Xr wait 2 .
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However, calls that have already committed are not restarted,
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but instead return a partial success (for example, a short read count).
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.Pp
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When a process which has installed signal handlers forks,
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the child process inherits the signals.
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All caught signals may be reset to their default action by a call
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to the
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.Xr execve 2
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function;
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ignored signals remain ignored.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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The previous action is returned on a successful call.
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Otherwise, \-1 is returned and the global variable
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.Va errno
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is set to indicate the error.
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.Sh ERRORS
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.Fn signal
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will fail and no action will take place if one of the following occur:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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.Em Sig
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is not a valid signal number.
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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An attempt is made to ignore or supply a handler for
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.Dv SIGKILL
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or
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.Dv SIGSTOP .
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr kill 1 ,
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.Xr ptrace 2 ,
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.Xr kill 2 ,
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.Xr sigaction 2 ,
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.Xr sigaltstack 2 ,
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.Xr sigprocmask 2 ,
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.Xr sigsuspend 2 ,
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.Xr setjmp 3 ,
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.Xr tty 4
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.Sh HISTORY
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This
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.Fn signal
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facility appeared in
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.Bx 4.0 .
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