NetBSD/share/man/man9/ioctl.9

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.\" $NetBSD: ioctl.9,v 1.12 2001/12/07 18:49:30 wiz Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1999 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
.\" All rights reserved.
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
.\" by Heiko W.Rupp <hwr@pilhuhn.de>
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.Dd December 7, 2001
.Dt IOCTL 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm ioctl
.Nd "how to implement a new ioctl call to access device drivers"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <sys/ioctl.h>
.Fd #include <sys/ioccom.h>
.Ft int
.Fn ioctl "int" "unsigned long" "..."
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
are internally defined as
.Bl -tag -width define
.It #define FOOIOCTL fun(t,n,pt)
.El
.Pp
where the different variables and functions are:
.Bl -tag -width FOOIOCTL
.It Fn FOOIOCTL
the name which will later be given in the
.Xr ioctl 2
system call as second argument, e.g.
.Dl ioctl(s, FOOIOCTL, ...) .
.It Fn fun
a macro which can be one of
.Bl -tag -width _IOWR
.It _IO
the call is a simple message to the kernel by itself. It does not copy
anything into the kernel, nor does it want anything back.
.It _IOR
the call only reads parameters from the kernel and does not
pass any to it
.It _IOW
the call only writes parameters to the kernel, but does not want anything
back
.It _IOWR
the call writes data to the kernel and wants information back.
.El
.It Ar t
This integer describes to which subsystem the ioctl applies.
.Ar t
can be one of
.Bl -tag -width xxxxx -compact
.It '1'
pulse-per-second interface
.It '4'
.Xr i4b 4
.It 'a'
ISO networking
.It 'A'
ac devices (hp300)
.It 'A'
Advanced Power Management (hpcmips, i386, sparc), see
.Xr apm 4
.It 'A'
ADB devices (mac68k, macppc)
.It 'A'
.Xr audio 4
.It 'A'
.Xr i4btel 4
.It 'b'
.Xr \&tb 4
.It 'B'
bell device (x68k)
.It 'B'
.Xr bpf 4
.It 'c'
coda
.It 'c'
.Xr \&cd 4
.It 'c'
.Xr \&ch 4
.It 'C'
clock devices (amiga, atari, hp300, x68k)
.It 'C'
.Xr i4bctl 4
.It 'd'
the disk subsystem
.It 'E'
.Xr envsys 4
.It 'f'
files
.It 'F'
Sun-compatible framebuffers
.It 'F'
.Xr ccd 4
and
.Xr vnd 4
.It 'g'
qdss framebuffers
.It 'G'
grf devices (amiga, atari, hp300, mac68k, x68k)
.It 'h'
HIL devices (hp300)
.It 'H'
HIL devices (hp300)
.It 'H'
HPc framebuffers
.It 'i'
a (pseudo) interface
.It 'I'
.Xr ite 4
(mac68k)
.It 'J'
ISA joystick interface
.It 'k'
Sun-compatible (and other) keyboards
.It 'K'
.Xr lkm 4
.It 'l'
leo devices (atari)
.It 'm'
.Xr mtio 4
.It 'M'
mouse devices (atari)
.It 'M'
.Xr mlx 4
.It 'n'
virtual console device (arm32)
.It 'n'
SMB networking
.It 'O'
OpenPROM and OpenFirmware
.It 'p'
power control (x68k)
.It 'P'
parallel port (amiga, x68k)
.It 'P'
profiling (arm32)
.It 'P'
printer/plotter interface (hp300)
.It 'P'
.Xr magma 4
bpp (sparc)
.It 'q'
.Xr altq 9
.It 'q'
pmax graphics devices
.It 'Q'
.Xr altq 9
.It 'Q'
raw SCSI commands
.It 'r'
the routing subsystem
.It 'r'
.Xr \&md 4
.It 'R'
.Xr i4brbch 4
.It 'R'
.Xr rnd 4
.It 's'
the socket layer
.It 's'
satlink devices
.It 'S'
SCSI disks (arc, hp300, pmax)
.It 'S'
watchdog devices (sh3)
.It 'S'
ISA speaker devices
.It 'S'
stic devices
.It 'S'
scanners
.It 't'
the tty layer
.It 'u'
user defined ???
.It 'U'
scsibus (see
.Xr scsi 4 )
.It 'v'
Sun-compatible
.Dq firm events
.It 'V'
view device (amiga, atari)
.It 'V'
sram device (x68k)
.It 'w'
watchdog devices
.It 'W'
wt devices
.It 'W'
wscons devices
.It 'x'
bt8xx devices
.It 'Z'
ite devices (amiga, atari, x68k)
.It 'Z'
passthrough ioctls
.El
.It Ar n
This numbers the ioctl within the group. There may be only one
.Ar n
for a given
.Ar t .
This is a unsigned 8 bit number.
.It Ar pt
This specifies the type of the passed parameter. This one gets internally
transformed to the size of the parameter, so if you e.g. want to pass
a structure, then you have to specify that structure and not a pointer
to it or sizeof(struct foo)
.El
.Pp
In order for the new ioctl to be known to the system it is installed
in either <sys/ioctl.h> or one of the files that are reached from
<sys/ioctl.h>.
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Bd -literal
#define FOOIOCTL _IOWR('i',23,int)
int a=3;
error = ioctl(s,FOOICTL, &a);
.Ed
.Pp
Within the ioctl()-routine of the driver, it can be then accessed like
.Bd -literal
driver_ioctl(..,cmd,data)
u_long cmd;
caddr_t data;
...
switch(cmd) {
case FOOIOCTL:
int *a = (int *)data;
printf(" Value passed: %d\n",a);
}
.Ed
.Sh NOTES
Note that if you e.g. try to read information from e.g. a ethernet
driver where the name of the card is included in the third argument
(e.g. ioctl(s,READFROMETH,struct ifreq *)), then you have to use
the _IOWR() form not the _IOR(), as passing the name of the card to the
kernel already consists of writing data.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ioctl 2