273 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
273 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
#++
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# NAME
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# virtual 5
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# SUMMARY
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# Postfix virtual alias table format
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# SYNOPSIS
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# \fBpostmap /etc/postfix/virtual\fR
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#
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# \fBpostmap -q "\fIstring\fB" /etc/postfix/virtual\fR
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#
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# \fBpostmap -q - /etc/postfix/virtual <\fIinputfile\fR
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# DESCRIPTION
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# The optional \fBvirtual\fR(5) alias table rewrites recipient
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# addresses for all local, all virtual, and all remote mail
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# destinations.
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# This is unlike the \fBaliases\fR(5) table which is used
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# only for \fBlocal\fR(8) delivery. Virtual aliasing is
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# recursive, and is implemented by the Postfix \fBcleanup\fR(8)
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# daemon before mail is queued.
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#
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# The main applications of virtual aliasing are:
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# .IP \(bu
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# To redirect mail for one address to one or more addresses.
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# .IP \(bu
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# To implement virtual alias domains where all addresses are aliased
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# to addresses in other domains.
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# .sp
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# Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual mailbox
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# domains that are implemented with the Postfix \fBvirtual\fR(8) mail
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# delivery agent. With virtual mailbox domains, each recipient address
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# can have its own mailbox.
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# .PP
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# Virtual aliasing is applied only to recipient
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# envelope addresses, and does not affect message headers.
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# Use \fBcanonical\fR(5)
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# mapping to rewrite header and envelope addresses in general.
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#
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# Normally, the \fBvirtual\fR(5) alias table is specified as a text file
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# that serves as input to the \fBpostmap\fR(1) command.
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# The result, an indexed file in \fBdbm\fR or \fBdb\fR format,
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# is used for fast searching by the mail system. Execute the command
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# "\fBpostmap /etc/postfix/virtual\fR" to rebuild an indexed
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# file after changing the corresponding text file.
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#
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# When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP
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# or SQL, the same lookups are done as for ordinary indexed files.
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#
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# Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression
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# map where patterns are given as regular expressions, or lookups
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# can be directed to TCP-based server. In those case, the lookups
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# are done in a slightly different way as described below under
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# "REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES" or "TCP-BASED TABLES".
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# CASE FOLDING
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# .ad
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# .fi
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# The search string is folded to lowercase before database
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# lookup. As of Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case
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# folded with database types such as regexp: or pcre: whose
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# lookup fields can match both upper and lower case.
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# TABLE FORMAT
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# .ad
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# .fi
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# The input format for the \fBpostmap\fR(1) command is as follows:
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# .IP "\fIpattern result\fR"
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# When \fIpattern\fR matches a mail address, replace it by the
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# corresponding \fIresult\fR.
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# .IP "blank lines and comments"
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# Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, as
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# are lines whose first non-whitespace character is a `#'.
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# .IP "multi-line text"
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# A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that
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# starts with whitespace continues a logical line.
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# TABLE SEARCH ORDER
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# .ad
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# .fi
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# With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked
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# tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, patterns are tried in the order as
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# listed below:
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# .IP "\fIuser\fR@\fIdomain address, address, ...\fR"
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# Redirect mail for \fIuser\fR@\fIdomain\fR to \fIaddress\fR.
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# This form has the highest precedence.
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# .IP "\fIuser address, address, ...\fR"
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# Redirect mail for \fIuser\fR@\fIsite\fR to \fIaddress\fR when
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# \fIsite\fR is equal to $\fBmyorigin\fR, when \fIsite\fR is listed in
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# $\fBmydestination\fR, or when it is listed in $\fBinet_interfaces\fR
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# or $\fBproxy_interfaces\fR.
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# .sp
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# This functionality overlaps with functionality of the local
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# \fIaliases\fR(5) database. The difference is that \fBvirtual\fR(5)
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# mapping can be applied to non-local addresses.
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# .IP "@\fIdomain address, address, ...\fR"
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# Redirect mail for other users in \fIdomain\fR to \fIaddress\fR.
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# This form has the lowest precedence.
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# .sp
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# Note: @\fIdomain\fR is a wild-card. With this form, the
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# Postfix SMTP server accepts
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# mail for any recipient in \fIdomain\fR, regardless of whether
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# that recipient exists. This may turn your mail system into
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# a backscatter source: Postfix first accepts mail for
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# non-existent recipients and then tries to return that mail
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# as "undeliverable" to the often forged sender address.
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# RESULT ADDRESS REWRITING
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# .ad
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# .fi
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# The lookup result is subject to address rewriting:
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# .IP \(bu
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# When the result has the form @\fIotherdomain\fR, the
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# result becomes the same \fIuser\fR in \fIotherdomain\fR.
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# This works only for the first address in a multi-address
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# lookup result.
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# .IP \(bu
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# When "\fBappend_at_myorigin=yes\fR", append "\fB@$myorigin\fR"
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# to addresses without "@domain".
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# .IP \(bu
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# When "\fBappend_dot_mydomain=yes\fR", append
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# "\fB.$mydomain\fR" to addresses without ".domain".
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# ADDRESS EXTENSION
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# .fi
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# .ad
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# When a mail address localpart contains the optional recipient delimiter
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# (e.g., \fIuser+foo\fR@\fIdomain\fR), the lookup order becomes:
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# \fIuser+foo\fR@\fIdomain\fR, \fIuser\fR@\fIdomain\fR, \fIuser+foo\fR,
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# \fIuser\fR, and @\fIdomain\fR.
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#
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# The \fBpropagate_unmatched_extensions\fR parameter controls whether
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# an unmatched address extension (\fI+foo\fR) is propagated to the
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# result of table lookup.
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# VIRTUAL ALIAS DOMAINS
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# .ad
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# .fi
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# Besides virtual aliases, the virtual alias table can also be used
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# to implement virtual alias domains. With a virtual alias domain, all
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# recipient addresses are aliased to addresses in other domains.
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#
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# Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual mailbox
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# domains that are implemented with the Postfix \fBvirtual\fR(8) mail
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# delivery agent. With virtual mailbox domains, each recipient address
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# can have its own mailbox.
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#
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# With a virtual alias domain, the virtual domain has its
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# own user name space. Local (i.e. non-virtual) usernames are not
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# visible in a virtual alias domain. In particular, local
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# \fBaliases\fR(5) and local mailing lists are not visible as
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# \fIlocalname@virtual-alias.domain\fR.
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#
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# Support for a virtual alias domain looks like:
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#
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# .nf
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# /etc/postfix/main.cf:
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# virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
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# .fi
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#
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# Note: some systems use \fBdbm\fR databases instead of \fBhash\fR.
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# See the output from "\fBpostconf -m\fR" for available database types.
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#
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# .nf
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# /etc/postfix/virtual:
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# \fIvirtual-alias.domain anything\fR (right-hand content does not matter)
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# \fIpostmaster@virtual-alias.domain postmaster\fR
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# \fIuser1@virtual-alias.domain address1\fR
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# \fIuser2@virtual-alias.domain address2, address3\fR
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# .fi
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# .sp
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# The \fIvirtual-alias.domain anything\fR entry is required for a
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# virtual alias domain. \fBWithout this entry, mail is rejected
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# with "relay access denied", or bounces with
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# "mail loops back to myself".\fR
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#
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# Do not specify virtual alias domain names in the \fBmain.cf
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# mydestination\fR or \fBrelay_domains\fR configuration parameters.
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#
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# With a virtual alias domain, the Postfix SMTP server
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# accepts mail for \fIknown-user@virtual-alias.domain\fR, and rejects
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# mail for \fIunknown-user\fR@\fIvirtual-alias.domain\fR as undeliverable.
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#
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# Instead of specifying the virtual alias domain name via
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# the \fBvirtual_alias_maps\fR table, you may also specify it via
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# the \fBmain.cf virtual_alias_domains\fR configuration parameter.
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# This latter parameter uses the same syntax as the \fBmain.cf
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# mydestination\fR configuration parameter.
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# REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES
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# .ad
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# .fi
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# This section describes how the table lookups change when the table
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# is given in the form of regular expressions. For a description of
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# regular expression lookup table syntax, see \fBregexp_table\fR(5)
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# or \fBpcre_table\fR(5).
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#
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# Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to the entire
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# address being looked up. Thus, \fIuser@domain\fR mail addresses are not
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# broken up into their \fIuser\fR and \fI@domain\fR constituent parts,
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# nor is \fIuser+foo\fR broken up into \fIuser\fR and \fIfoo\fR.
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#
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# Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the table, until a
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# pattern is found that matches the search string.
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#
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# Results are the same as with indexed file lookups, with
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# the additional feature that parenthesized substrings from the
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# pattern can be interpolated as \fB$1\fR, \fB$2\fR and so on.
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# TCP-BASED TABLES
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# .ad
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# .fi
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# This section describes how the table lookups change when lookups
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# are directed to a TCP-based server. For a description of the TCP
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# client/server lookup protocol, see \fBtcp_table\fR(5).
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# This feature is not available up to and including Postfix version 2.4.
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#
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# Each lookup operation uses the entire address once. Thus,
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# \fIuser@domain\fR mail addresses are not broken up into their
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# \fIuser\fR and \fI@domain\fR constituent parts, nor is
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# \fIuser+foo\fR broken up into \fIuser\fR and \fIfoo\fR.
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#
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# Results are the same as with indexed file lookups.
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# BUGS
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# The table format does not understand quoting conventions.
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# CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
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# .ad
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# .fi
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# The following \fBmain.cf\fR parameters are especially relevant to
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# this topic. See the Postfix \fBmain.cf\fR file for syntax details
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# and for default values. Use the "\fBpostfix reload\fR" command after
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# a configuration change.
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# .IP \fBvirtual_alias_maps\fR
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# List of virtual aliasing tables.
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# .IP \fBvirtual_alias_domains\fR
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# List of virtual alias domains. This uses the same syntax
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# as the \fBmydestination\fR parameter.
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# .IP \fBpropagate_unmatched_extensions\fR
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# A list of address rewriting or forwarding mechanisms that propagate
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# an address extension from the original address to the result.
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# Specify zero or more of \fBcanonical\fR, \fBvirtual\fR, \fBalias\fR,
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# \fBforward\fR, \fBinclude\fR, or \fBgeneric\fR.
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# .PP
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# Other parameters of interest:
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# .IP \fBinet_interfaces\fR
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# The network interface addresses that this system receives mail on.
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# You need to stop and start Postfix when this parameter changes.
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# .IP \fBmydestination\fR
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# List of domains that this mail system considers local.
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# .IP \fBmyorigin\fR
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# The domain that is appended to any address that does not have a domain.
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# .IP \fBowner_request_special\fR
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# Give special treatment to \fBowner-\fIxxx\fR and \fIxxx\fB-request\fR
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# addresses.
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# .IP \fBproxy_interfaces\fR
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# Other interfaces that this machine receives mail on by way of a
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# proxy agent or network address translator.
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# SEE ALSO
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# cleanup(8), canonicalize and enqueue mail
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# postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
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# postconf(5), configuration parameters
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# canonical(5), canonical address mapping
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# README FILES
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# .ad
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# .fi
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# Use "\fBpostconf readme_directory\fR" or
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# "\fBpostconf html_directory\fR" to locate this information.
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# .na
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# .nf
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# ADDRESS_REWRITING_README, address rewriting guide
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# DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
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# VIRTUAL_README, domain hosting guide
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# LICENSE
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# .ad
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# .fi
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# The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
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# AUTHOR(S)
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# Wietse Venema
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# IBM T.J. Watson Research
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# P.O. Box 704
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# Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
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#--
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