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NetBSD/sbin/ping/ping.c

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/* $NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.48 1999/04/17 01:17:15 mjl Exp $ */
/*
* Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
* Mike Muuss.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/*
* P I N G . C
*
* Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
* measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
*
* Author -
* Mike Muuss
* U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
* December, 1983
* Modified at Uc Berkeley
* Record Route and verbose headers - Phil Dykstra, BRL, March 1988.
* Multicast options (ttl, if, loop) - Steve Deering, Stanford, August 1988.
* ttl, duplicate detection - Cliff Frost, UCB, April 1989
* Pad pattern - Cliff Frost (from Tom Ferrin, UCSF), April 1989
*
* Status -
* Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
*
* Bugs -
* More statistics could always be gathered.
* This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#ifndef lint
__RCSID("$NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.48 1999/04/17 01:17:15 mjl Exp $");
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <err.h>
#ifdef sgi
#include <bstring.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#ifndef PRE_KUDZU
#include <cap_net.h>
#else
#define cap_socket socket
#endif
#else
#define cap_socket socket
#include <err.h>
#endif
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#define FLOOD_INTVL 0.01 /* default flood output interval */
#define MAXPACKET (65536-60-8) /* max packet size */
#define F_VERBOSE 0x0001
#define F_QUIET 0x0002 /* minimize all output */
#define F_SEMI_QUIET 0x0004 /* ignore our ICMP errors */
#define F_FLOOD 0x0008 /* flood-ping */
#define F_RECORD_ROUTE 0x0010 /* record route */
#define F_SOURCE_ROUTE 0x0020 /* loose source route */
#define F_PING_FILLED 0x0040 /* is buffer filled with user data? */
#define F_PING_RANDOM 0x0080 /* use random data */
#define F_NUMERIC 0x0100 /* do not do gethostbyaddr() calls */
#define F_TIMING 0x0200 /* room for a timestamp */
#define F_DF 0x0400 /* set IP DF bit */
#define F_SOURCE_ADDR 0x0800 /* set source IP address/interface */
#define F_ONCE 0x1000 /* exit(0) after receiving 1 reply */
#define F_MCAST 0x2000 /* multicast target */
#define F_MCAST_NOLOOP 0x4000 /* no multicast loopback */
/* MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, the
* maximum number of received sequence numbers we can track to check
* for duplicates.
*/
#define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 2048)
u_char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK/8];
int nrepeats = 0;
#define A(seq) rcvd_tbl[(seq/8)%sizeof(rcvd_tbl)] /* byte in array */
#define B(seq) (1 << (seq & 0x07)) /* bit in byte */
#define SET(seq) (A(seq) |= B(seq))
#define CLR(seq) (A(seq) &= (~B(seq)))
#define TST(seq) (A(seq) & B(seq))
u_char *packet;
int packlen;
int pingflags = 0, options;
char *fill_pat;
int s; /* Socket file descriptor */
#define PHDR_LEN sizeof(struct timeval) /* size of timestamp header */
struct sockaddr_in whereto, send_addr; /* Who to ping */
struct sockaddr_in src_addr; /* from where */
struct sockaddr_in loc_addr; /* 127.1 */
int datalen = 64-PHDR_LEN; /* How much data */
#ifdef sgi
static char *__progname;
#else
extern char *__progname;
#endif
char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
static struct {
struct ip o_ip;
char o_opt[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
union {
u_char u_buf[MAXPACKET];
struct icmp u_icmp;
} o_u;
} out_pack;
#define opack_icmp out_pack.o_u.u_icmp
struct ip *opack_ip;
char optspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */
int optlen;
int npackets; /* total packets to send */
int preload; /* number of packets to "preload" */
int ntransmitted; /* output sequence # = #sent */
int ident; /* our ID, in network byte order */
int nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
double interval; /* interval between packets */
struct timeval interval_tv;
double tmin = 999999999.0;
double tmax = 0.0;
double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times */
double tsumsq = 0.0;
double maxwait = 0.0;
#ifdef SIGINFO
int reset_kerninfo;
#endif
int bufspace = 60*1024;
struct timeval now, clear_cache, last_tx, next_tx, first_tx;
struct timeval last_rx, first_rx;
int lastrcvd = 1; /* last ping sent has been received */
static struct timeval jiggle_time;
static int jiggle_cnt, total_jiggled, jiggle_direction = -1;
static void doit(void);
static void prefinish(int);
static void prtsig(int);
static void finish(int);
static void summary(int);
static void pinger(void);
static void fill(void);
static void rnd_fill(void);
static double diffsec(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
static void timevaladd(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
static void sec_to_timeval(const double, struct timeval *);
static double timeval_to_sec(const struct timeval *);
static void pr_pack(u_char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *);
static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, u_int);
static void pr_saddr(char *, u_char *);
static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr *);
static void pr_iph(struct icmp *, int);
static void pr_retip(struct icmp *, int);
static int pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct sockaddr_in *, int);
static void jiggle(int), jiggle_flush(int);
static void gethost(const char *, const char *,
struct sockaddr_in *, char *, int);
static void usage(void);
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int c, i, on = 1, hostind = 0;
long l;
u_char ttl = 0;
u_long tos = 0;
char *p;
#ifdef SIGINFO
struct termios ts;
#endif
#ifdef sgi
__progname = argv[0];
#endif
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv,
"c:dDfg:h:i:I:l:Lnop:PqQrRs:t:T:vw:")) != -1) {
switch (c) {
case 'c':
npackets = strtol(optarg, &p, 0);
if (*p != '\0' || npackets <= 0)
errx(1, "Bad/invalid number of packets");
break;
case 'D':
pingflags |= F_DF;
break;
case 'd':
options |= SO_DEBUG;
break;
case 'f':
pingflags |= F_FLOOD;
break;
case 'h':
hostind = optind-1;
break;
case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
interval = strtod(optarg, &p);
if (*p != '\0' || interval <= 0)
errx(1, "Bad/invalid interval %s", optarg);
break;
case 'l':
preload = strtol(optarg, &p, 0);
if (*p != '\0' || preload < 0)
errx(1, "Bad/invalid preload value %s",
optarg);
break;
case 'n':
pingflags |= F_NUMERIC;
break;
case 'o':
pingflags |= F_ONCE;
break;
case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM)
errx(1, "Only one of -P and -p allowed");
pingflags |= F_PING_FILLED;
fill_pat = optarg;
break;
case 'P':
if (pingflags & F_PING_FILLED)
errx(1, "Only one of -P and -p allowed");
pingflags |= F_PING_RANDOM;
break;
case 'q':
pingflags |= F_QUIET;
break;
case 'Q':
pingflags |= F_SEMI_QUIET;
break;
case 'r':
options |= SO_DONTROUTE;
break;
case 's': /* size of packet to send */
datalen = strtol(optarg, &p, 0);
if (*p != '\0' || datalen <= 0)
errx(1, "Bad/invalid packet size %s", optarg);
if (datalen > MAXPACKET)
errx(1, "packet size is too large");
break;
case 'v':
pingflags |= F_VERBOSE;
break;
case 'R':
pingflags |= F_RECORD_ROUTE;
break;
case 'L':
pingflags |= F_MCAST_NOLOOP;
break;
case 't':
tos = strtoul(optarg, &p, 0);
if (*p != '\0' || tos > 0xFF)
errx(1, "bad tos value: %s", optarg);
break;
case 'T':
l = strtol(optarg, &p, 0);
if (*p != '\0' || l > 255 || l <= 0)
errx(1, "ttl out of range");
ttl = (u_char)l; /* cannot check >255 otherwise */
break;
case 'I':
pingflags |= F_SOURCE_ADDR;
gethost("-I", optarg, &src_addr, 0, 0);
break;
case 'g':
pingflags |= F_SOURCE_ROUTE;
gethost("-g", optarg, &send_addr, 0, 0);
break;
case 'w':
maxwait = strtod(optarg, &p);
if (*p != '\0' || maxwait <= 0)
errx(1, "Bad/invalid maxwait time %s", optarg);
break;
default:
usage();
break;
}
}
if (interval == 0)
interval = (pingflags & F_FLOOD) ? FLOOD_INTVL : 1.0;
#ifndef sgi
if (pingflags & F_FLOOD && getuid())
errx(1, "Must be superuser to use -f");
if (interval < 1.0 && getuid())
errx(1, "Must be superuser to use < 1 sec ping interval");
if (preload > 0 && getuid())
errx(1, "Must be superuser to use -l");
#endif
sec_to_timeval(interval, &interval_tv);
if (npackets != 0) {
npackets += preload;
} else {
npackets = INT_MAX;
}
if (hostind == 0) {
if (optind != argc-1)
usage();
else
hostind = optind;
}
else if (hostind >= argc - 1)
usage();
gethost("", argv[hostind], &whereto, hostname, sizeof(hostname));
if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(whereto.sin_addr.s_addr)))
pingflags |= F_MCAST;
if (!(pingflags & F_SOURCE_ROUTE))
(void) memcpy(&send_addr, &whereto, sizeof(send_addr));
loc_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
loc_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl((127<<24)+1);
if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN) /* can we time them? */
pingflags |= F_TIMING;
packlen = datalen + 60 + 76; /* MAXIP + MAXICMP */
if ((packet = (u_char *)malloc(packlen)) == NULL)
err(1, "Out of memory");
if (pingflags & F_PING_FILLED) {
fill();
} else if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM) {
rnd_fill();
} else {
for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; i++)
opack_icmp.icmp_data[i] = i;
}
ident = htons(getpid()) & 0xFFFF;
if ((s = cap_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) < 0)
err(1, "Cannot create socket");
if (options & SO_DEBUG) {
if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
(char *)&on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
warn("Can't turn on socket debugging");
}
if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) {
if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
(char *)&on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
warn("SO_DONTROUTE");
}
if (pingflags & F_SOURCE_ROUTE) {
optspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_LSRR;
optspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = optlen = 7;
optspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
(void)memcpy(&optspace[IPOPT_MINOFF-1], &whereto.sin_addr,
sizeof(whereto.sin_addr));
optspace[optlen++] = IPOPT_NOP;
}
if (pingflags & F_RECORD_ROUTE) {
optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OLEN] = (MAX_IPOPTLEN -1-optlen);
optspace[optlen+IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
optlen = MAX_IPOPTLEN;
}
/* this leaves opack_ip 0(mod 4) aligned */
opack_ip = (struct ip *)((char *)&out_pack.o_ip
+ sizeof(out_pack.o_opt)
- optlen);
(void) memcpy(opack_ip + 1, optspace, optlen);
if (setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL, (char *) &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
err(1, "Can't set special IP header");
opack_ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
opack_ip->ip_hl = (sizeof(struct ip)+optlen) >> 2;
opack_ip->ip_tos = tos;
opack_ip->ip_off = (pingflags & F_DF) ? IP_DF : 0;
opack_ip->ip_ttl = ttl ? ttl : MAXTTL;
opack_ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
opack_ip->ip_src = src_addr.sin_addr;
opack_ip->ip_dst = send_addr.sin_addr;
if (pingflags & F_MCAST) {
if (pingflags & F_MCAST_NOLOOP) {
u_char loop = 0;
if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
(char *) &loop, 1) < 0)
err(1, "Can't disable multicast loopback");
}
if (ttl != 0
&& setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL,
(char *) &ttl, 1) < 0)
err(1, "Can't set multicast time-to-live");
if ((pingflags & F_SOURCE_ADDR)
&& setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
(char *) &src_addr.sin_addr,
sizeof(src_addr.sin_addr)) < 0)
err(1, "Can't set multicast source interface");
} else if (pingflags & F_SOURCE_ADDR) {
if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
(char *) &src_addr.sin_addr,
sizeof(src_addr.sin_addr)) < 0)
err(1, "Can't set source interface/address");
}
(void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname,
inet_ntoa(whereto.sin_addr), datalen);
/* When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot
* of answers. Doing something so evil is useful if you
* are trying to stress the ethernet, or just want to
* fill the arp cache to get some stuff for /etc/ethers.
*/
while (0 > setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
(char*)&bufspace, sizeof(bufspace))) {
if ((bufspace -= 4096) == 0)
err(1, "Cannot set the receive buffer size");
}
/* make it possible to send giant probes, but do not worry now
* if it fails, since we probably won't send giant probes.
*/
(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF,
(char*)&bufspace, sizeof(bufspace));
(void)signal(SIGINT, prefinish);
#if defined(SIGINFO) && defined(NOKERNINFO)
if (tcgetattr (0, &ts) != -1) {
reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO);
ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO;
tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &ts);
}
#endif
#ifdef SIGINFO
(void)signal(SIGINFO, prtsig);
#else
(void)signal(SIGQUIT, prtsig);
#endif
(void)signal(SIGCONT, prtsig);
/* fire off them quickies */
for (i = 0; i < preload; i++) {
(void)gettimeofday(&now, 0);
pinger();
}
doit();
return 0;
}
static void
doit(void)
{
int cc;
struct sockaddr_in from;
int fromlen;
double sec, last, d_last;
struct timeval timeout;
fd_set fdmask;
(void)gettimeofday(&clear_cache,0);
if (maxwait != 0) {
last = timeval_to_sec(&clear_cache) + maxwait;
d_last = 0;
} else {
last = 0;
d_last = 365*24*60*60;
}
FD_ZERO(&fdmask);
do {
(void)gettimeofday(&now,0);
if (last != 0)
d_last = last - timeval_to_sec(&now);
if (ntransmitted < npackets && d_last > 0) {
/* send if within 100 usec or late for next packet */
sec = diffsec(&next_tx,&now);
if (sec <= 0.0001
|| (lastrcvd && (pingflags & F_FLOOD))) {
pinger();
sec = diffsec(&next_tx,&now);
}
if (sec < 0.0)
sec = 0.0;
if (d_last < sec)
sec = d_last;
} else {
/* For the last response, wait twice as long as the
* worst case seen, or 10 times as long as the
* maximum interpacket interval, whichever is longer.
*/
sec = MAX(2*tmax,10*interval) - diffsec(&now,&last_tx);
if (d_last < sec)
sec = d_last;
if (sec <= 0)
break;
}
sec_to_timeval(sec, &timeout);
FD_SET(s, &fdmask);
cc = select(s+1, &fdmask, 0, 0, &timeout);
if (cc <= 0) {
if (cc < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
jiggle_flush(1);
err(1, "select");
}
continue;
}
fromlen = sizeof(from);
cc = recvfrom(s, (char *) packet, packlen,
0, (struct sockaddr *)&from,
&fromlen);
if (cc < 0) {
if (errno != EINTR) {
jiggle_flush(1);
warn("recvfrom");
(void)fflush(stderr);
}
continue;
}
(void)gettimeofday(&now, 0);
pr_pack(packet, cc, &from);
} while (nreceived < npackets
&& (nreceived == 0 || !(pingflags & F_ONCE)));
finish(0);
}
static void
jiggle_flush(int nl) /* new line if there are dots */
{
int serrno = errno;
if (jiggle_cnt > 0) {
total_jiggled += jiggle_cnt;
jiggle_direction = 1;
do {
(void)putchar('.');
} while (--jiggle_cnt > 0);
} else if (jiggle_cnt < 0) {
total_jiggled -= jiggle_cnt;
jiggle_direction = -1;
do {
(void)putchar('\b');
} while (++jiggle_cnt < 0);
}
if (nl) {
if (total_jiggled != 0)
(void)putchar('\n');
total_jiggled = 0;
jiggle_direction = -1;
}
(void)fflush(stdout);
(void)fflush(stderr);
jiggle_time = now;
errno = serrno;
}
/* jiggle the cursor for flood-ping
*/
static void
jiggle(int delta)
{
double dt;
if (pingflags & F_QUIET)
return;
/* do not back up into messages */
if (total_jiggled+jiggle_cnt+delta < 0)
return;
jiggle_cnt += delta;
/* flush the FLOOD dots when things are quiet
* or occassionally to make the cursor jiggle.
*/
dt = diffsec(&last_tx, &jiggle_time);
if (dt > 0.2 || (dt >= 0.15 && delta*jiggle_direction < 0))
jiggle_flush(0);
}
/*
* Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
* will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
* and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first PHDR_LEN bytes
* of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
* byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
*/
static void
pinger(void)
{
int i, cc, sw;
opack_icmp.icmp_code = 0;
opack_icmp.icmp_seq = htons((u_short)(ntransmitted));
/* clear the cached route in the kernel after an ICMP
* response such as a Redirect is seen to stop causing
* more such packets. Also clear the cached route
* periodically in case of routing changes that make
* black holes come and go.
*/
if (clear_cache.tv_sec != now.tv_sec) {
opack_icmp.icmp_type = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
opack_icmp.icmp_id = ~ident;
opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = 0;
opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short*)&opack_icmp,
PHDR_LEN);
sw = 0;
if (setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL,
(char *)&sw,sizeof(sw)) < 0)
err(1, "Can't turn off special IP header");
if (sendto(s, (char *) &opack_icmp, PHDR_LEN, MSG_DONTROUTE,
(struct sockaddr *)&loc_addr,
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) < 0) {
/*
* XXX: we only report this as a warning in verbose
* mode because people get confused when they see
* this error when they are running in single user
* mode and they have not configured lo0
*/
if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE)
warn("failed to clear cached route");
}
sw = 1;
if (setsockopt(s,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL,
(char *)&sw, sizeof(sw)) < 0)
err(1, "Can't set special IP header");
(void)gettimeofday(&clear_cache,0);
}
opack_icmp.icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
opack_icmp.icmp_id = ident;
if (pingflags & F_TIMING)
(void) memcpy(&opack_icmp.icmp_data[0], &now, sizeof(now));
cc = datalen+PHDR_LEN;
opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = 0;
opack_icmp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short*)&opack_icmp, cc);
cc += opack_ip->ip_hl<<2;
opack_ip->ip_len = cc;
i = sendto(s, (char *) opack_ip, cc, 0,
(struct sockaddr *)&send_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
if (i != cc) {
jiggle_flush(1);
if (i < 0)
warn("sendto");
else
warnx("wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d", hostname, cc, i);
(void)fflush(stderr);
}
lastrcvd = 0;
CLR(ntransmitted);
ntransmitted++;
last_tx = now;
if (next_tx.tv_sec == 0) {
first_tx = now;
next_tx = now;
}
/* Transmit regularly, at always the same microsecond in the
* second when going at one packet per second.
* If we are at most 100 ms behind, send extras to get caught up.
* Otherwise, skip packets we were too slow to send.
*/
if (diffsec(&next_tx, &now) <= interval) {
do {
timevaladd(&next_tx, &interval_tv);
} while (diffsec(&next_tx, &now) < -0.1);
}
if (pingflags & F_FLOOD)
jiggle(1);
/* While the packet is going out, ready buffer for the next
* packet. Use a fast but not very good random number generator.
*/
if (pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM)
rnd_fill();
}
static void
pr_pack_sub(int cc,
char *addr,
int seqno,
int dupflag,
int ttl,
double triptime)
{
jiggle_flush(1);
if (pingflags & F_FLOOD)
return;
(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, addr, seqno);
if (dupflag)
(void)printf(" DUP!");
(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ttl);
if (pingflags & F_TIMING)
(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime*1000.0);
}
/*
* Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
* because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
* which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
* program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
*/
static void
pr_pack(u_char *buf,
int tot_len,
struct sockaddr_in *from)
{
struct ip *ip;
struct icmp *icp;
int i, j, net_len;
u_char *cp;
static int old_rrlen;
static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
int hlen, dupflag = 0, dumped;
double triptime = 0.0;
#define PR_PACK_SUB() {if (!dumped) { \
dumped = 1; \
pr_pack_sub(net_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr), \
ntohs((u_short)icp->icmp_seq), \
dupflag, ip->ip_ttl, triptime);}}
/* Check the IP header */
ip = (struct ip *) buf;
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
if (tot_len < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) {
jiggle_flush(1);
(void)printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n",
tot_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
}
return;
}
/* Now the ICMP part */
dumped = 0;
net_len = tot_len - hlen;
icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY
&& icp->icmp_id == ident) {
if (icp->icmp_seq == htons((u_short)(ntransmitted-1)))
lastrcvd = 1;
last_rx = now;
if (first_rx.tv_sec == 0)
first_rx = last_rx;
nreceived++;
if (pingflags & F_TIMING) {
struct timeval tv;
(void) memcpy(&tv, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(tv));
triptime = diffsec(&last_rx, &tv);
tsum += triptime;
tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
if (triptime < tmin)
tmin = triptime;
if (triptime > tmax)
tmax = triptime;
}
if (TST(ntohs((u_short)icp->icmp_seq))) {
nrepeats++, nreceived--;
dupflag=1;
} else {
SET(ntohs((u_short)icp->icmp_seq));
}
if (tot_len != opack_ip->ip_len) {
PR_PACK_SUB();
(void)printf("\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
tot_len, opack_ip->ip_len);
}
if (pingflags & F_QUIET)
return;
if (!(pingflags & F_FLOOD))
PR_PACK_SUB();
/* check the data */
if (datalen > PHDR_LEN
&& !(pingflags & F_PING_RANDOM)
&& memcmp(&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN],
&opack_icmp.icmp_data[PHDR_LEN],
datalen-PHDR_LEN)) {
for (i=PHDR_LEN; i<datalen; i++) {
if (icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN+i]
!= opack_icmp.icmp_data[PHDR_LEN+i])
break;
}
PR_PACK_SUB();
(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should have been"
" %#x but was %#x",
i, (u_char)opack_icmp.icmp_data[i],
(u_char)icp->icmp_data[i]);
for (i=PHDR_LEN; i<datalen; i++) {
if ((i%16) == PHDR_LEN)
(void)printf("\n\t");
(void)printf("%2x ",(u_char)icp->icmp_data[i]);
}
}
} else {
if (!pr_icmph(icp, from, net_len))
return;
dumped = 2;
}
/* Display any IP options */
cp = buf + sizeof(struct ip);
while (hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
switch (*cp) {
case IPOPT_EOL:
hlen = 0;
break;
case IPOPT_LSRR:
hlen -= 2;
j = *++cp;
++cp;
j -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
if (j <= 0)
continue;
if (dumped <= 1) {
j = ((j+3)/4)*4;
hlen -= j;
cp += j;
break;
}
PR_PACK_SUB();
(void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
for (;;) {
pr_saddr("\t%s", cp);
cp += 4;
hlen -= 4;
j -= 4;
if (j <= 0)
break;
(void)putchar('\n');
}
break;
case IPOPT_RR:
j = *++cp; /* get length */
i = *++cp; /* and pointer */
hlen -= 2;
if (i > j)
i = j;
i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
if (i <= 0)
continue;
if (dumped <= 1) {
if (i == old_rrlen
&& !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i)) {
if (dumped)
(void)printf("\t(same route)");
j = ((i+3)/4)*4;
hlen -= j;
cp += j;
break;
}
old_rrlen = i;
(void) memcpy(old_rr, cp, i);
}
if (!dumped) {
jiggle_flush(1);
(void)printf("RR: ");
dumped = 1;
} else {
(void)printf("\nRR: ");
}
for (;;) {
pr_saddr("\t%s", cp);
cp += 4;
hlen -= 4;
i -= 4;
if (i <= 0)
break;
(void)putchar('\n');
}
break;
case IPOPT_NOP:
if (dumped <= 1)
break;
PR_PACK_SUB();
(void)printf("\nNOP");
break;
#ifdef sgi
case IPOPT_SECURITY: /* RFC 1108 RIPSO BSO */
case IPOPT_ESO: /* RFC 1108 RIPSO ESO */
case IPOPT_CIPSO: /* Commercial IPSO */
if ((sysconf(_SC_IP_SECOPTS)) > 0) {
i = (unsigned)cp[1];
hlen -= i - 1;
PR_PACK_SUB();
(void)printf("\nSEC:");
while (i--) {
(void)printf(" %02x", *cp++);
}
cp--;
break;
}
#endif
default:
PR_PACK_SUB();
(void)printf("\nunknown option 0x%x", *cp);
break;
}
hlen--;
cp++;
}
if (dumped) {
(void)putchar('\n');
(void)fflush(stdout);
} else {
jiggle(-1);
}
}
/* Compute the IP checksum
* This assumes the packet is less than 32K long.
*/
static u_short
in_cksum(u_short *p,
u_int len)
{
u_int sum = 0;
int nwords = len >> 1;
while (nwords-- != 0)
sum += *p++;
if (len & 1) {
union {
u_short w;
u_char c[2];
} u;
u.c[0] = *(u_char *)p;
u.c[1] = 0;
sum += u.w;
}
/* end-around-carry */
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 16);
return (~sum);
}
/*
* compute the difference of two timevals in seconds
*/
static double
diffsec(struct timeval *now,
struct timeval *then)
{
return ((now->tv_sec - then->tv_sec)*1.0
+ (now->tv_usec - then->tv_usec)/1000000.0);
}
static void
timevaladd(struct timeval *t1,
struct timeval *t2)
{
t1->tv_sec += t2->tv_sec;
if ((t1->tv_usec += t2->tv_usec) >= 1000000) {
t1->tv_sec++;
t1->tv_usec -= 1000000;
}
}
static void
sec_to_timeval(const double sec, struct timeval *tp)
{
tp->tv_sec = sec;
tp->tv_usec = (sec - tp->tv_sec) * 1000000.0;
}
static double
timeval_to_sec(const struct timeval *tp)
{
return tp->tv_sec + tp->tv_usec / 1000000.0;
}
/*
* Print statistics.
* Heavily buffered STDIO is used here, so that all the statistics
* will be written with 1 sys-write call. This is nice when more
* than one copy of the program is running on a terminal; it prevents
* the statistics output from becomming intermingled.
*/
static void
summary(int header)
{
jiggle_flush(1);
if (header)
(void)printf("\n----%s PING Statistics----\n", hostname);
(void)printf("%d packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
(void)printf("%d packets received, ", nreceived);
if (nrepeats)
(void)printf("+%d duplicates, ", nrepeats);
if (ntransmitted) {
if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
else
(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
(((ntransmitted-nreceived)*100.0) /
ntransmitted));
}
(void)printf("\n");
if (nreceived && (pingflags & F_TIMING)) {
double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
double avg = (tsum / n);
double variance = 0.0;
if (n>1)
variance = (tsumsq - n*avg*avg) /(n-1);
printf("round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = "
"%.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
tmin * 1000.0, avg * 1000.0,
tmax * 1000.0, sqrt(variance) * 1000.0);
if (pingflags & F_FLOOD) {
double r = diffsec(&last_rx, &first_rx);
double t = diffsec(&last_tx, &first_tx);
if (r == 0)
r = 0.0001;
if (t == 0)
t = 0.0001;
(void)printf(" %.1f packets/sec sent, "
" %.1f packets/sec received\n",
ntransmitted/t, nreceived/r);
}
}
}
/*
* Print statistics when SIGINFO is received.
*/
/* ARGSUSED */
static void
prtsig(int s)
{
summary(0);
#ifdef SIGINFO
(void)signal(SIGINFO, prtsig);
#else
(void)signal(SIGQUIT, prtsig);
#endif
}
/*
* On the first SIGINT, allow any outstanding packets to dribble in
*/
static void
prefinish(int s)
{
if (lastrcvd /* quit now if caught up */
|| nreceived == 0) /* or if remote is dead */
finish(0);
(void)signal(s, finish); /* do this only the 1st time */
if (npackets > ntransmitted) /* let the normal limit work */
npackets = ntransmitted;
}
/*
* Print statistics and give up.
*/
/* ARGSUSED */
static void
finish(int s)
{
#if defined(SIGINFO) && defined(NOKERNINFO)
struct termios ts;
if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr (0, &ts) != -1) {
ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO;
tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &ts);
}
(void)signal(SIGINFO, SIG_IGN);
#else
(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
#endif
summary(1);
exit(nreceived > 0 ? 0 : 2);
}
static int /* 0=do not print it */
ck_pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp,
struct sockaddr_in *from,
int cc,
int override) /* 1=override VERBOSE if interesting */
{
int hlen;
struct ip ipb, *ip = &ipb;
struct icmp icp2b, *icp2 = &icp2b;
int res;
if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE) {
res = 1;
jiggle_flush(1);
} else {
res = 0;
}
(void) memcpy(ip, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(*ip));
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
if (ip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP
&& hlen + 6 <= cc) {
(void) memcpy(icp2, &icp->icmp_data[hlen], sizeof(*icp2));
if (icp2->icmp_id == ident) {
/* remember to clear route cached in kernel
* if this non-Echo-Reply ICMP message was for one
* of our packets.
*/
clear_cache.tv_sec = 0;
if (!res && override
&& (pingflags & (F_QUIET|F_SEMI_QUIET)) == 0) {
jiggle_flush(1);
(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ",
cc, pr_addr(&from->sin_addr));
res = 1;
}
}
}
return res;
}
/*
* Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header other than an echo reply.
*/
static int /* 0=printed nothing */
pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp,
struct sockaddr_in *from,
int cc)
{
switch (icp->icmp_type ) {
case ICMP_UNREACH:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1))
return 0;
switch (icp->icmp_code) {
case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
(void)printf("frag needed and DF set. Next MTU=%d",
ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
(void)printf("Source Route Failed");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN:
(void)printf("Unreachable unknown net");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN:
(void)printf("Unreachable unknown host");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED:
(void)printf("Unreachable host isolated");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB:
(void)printf("Net prohibited access");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB:
(void)printf("Host prohibited access");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET:
(void)printf("Bad TOS for net");
break;
case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST:
(void)printf("Bad TOS for host");
break;
case 13:
(void)printf("Communication prohibited");
break;
case 14:
(void)printf("Host precedence violation");
break;
case 15:
(void)printf("Precedence cutoff");
break;
default:
(void)printf("Bad Destination Unreachable Code: %d",
icp->icmp_code);
break;
}
/* Print returned IP header information */
pr_retip(icp, cc);
break;
case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1))
return 0;
(void)printf("Source Quench");
pr_retip(icp, cc);
break;
case ICMP_REDIRECT:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1))
return 0;
switch (icp->icmp_code) {
case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
(void)printf("Redirect Network");
break;
case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
(void)printf("Redirect Host");
break;
case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
break;
case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
break;
default:
(void)printf("Redirect--Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
break;
}
(void)printf(" New router addr: %s",
pr_addr(&icp->icmp_hun.ih_gwaddr));
pr_retip(icp, cc);
break;
case ICMP_ECHO:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Echo Request: ID=%d seq=%d",
ntohs(icp->icmp_id), ntohs(icp->icmp_seq));
break;
case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
/* displaying other's pings is too noisey */
#if 0
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Echo Reply: ID=%d seq=%d",
ntohs(icp->icmp_id), ntohs(icp->icmp_seq));
break;
#else
return 0;
#endif
case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Router Discovery Advert");
break;
case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Router Discovery Solicit");
break;
case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1))
return 0;
switch (icp->icmp_code ) {
case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
(void)printf("Time To Live exceeded");
break;
case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded");
break;
default:
(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d",
icp->icmp_code);
break;
}
pr_retip(icp, cc);
break;
case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 1))
return 0;
(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x",
icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
pr_retip(icp, cc);
break;
case ICMP_TSTAMP:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Timestamp");
break;
case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Timestamp Reply");
break;
case ICMP_IREQ:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Information Request");
break;
case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Information Reply");
break;
case ICMP_MASKREQ:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Address Mask Request");
break;
case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Address Mask Reply");
break;
default:
if (!ck_pr_icmph(icp, from, cc, 0))
return 0;
(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d", icp->icmp_type);
if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE)
pr_iph(icp, cc);
}
return 1;
}
/*
* Print an IP header with options.
*/
static void
pr_iph(struct icmp *icp,
int cc)
{
int hlen;
u_char *cp;
struct ip ipb, *ip = &ipb;
(void) memcpy(ip, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(*ip));
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
cp = (u_char *) &icp->icmp_data[20]; /* point to options */
(void)printf("\n Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n");
(void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id);
(void)printf(" %1x %04x",
((ip->ip_off)&0xe000)>>13, (ip->ip_off)&0x1fff);
(void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x",
ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum);
(void)printf(" %15s ",
inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
/* dump any option bytes */
while (hlen-- > 20 && cp < (u_char*)icp+cc) {
(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
}
}
/*
* Print an ASCII host address starting from a string of bytes.
*/
static void
pr_saddr(char *pat,
u_char *cp)
{
n_long l;
struct in_addr addr;
l = (u_char)*++cp;
l = (l<<8) + (u_char)*++cp;
l = (l<<8) + (u_char)*++cp;
l = (l<<8) + (u_char)*++cp;
addr.s_addr = htonl(l);
(void)printf(pat, (l == 0) ? "0.0.0.0" : pr_addr(&addr));
}
/*
* Return an ASCII host address
* as a dotted quad and optionally with a hostname
*/
static char *
pr_addr(struct in_addr *addr) /* in network order */
{
struct hostent *hp;
static char buf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN+4+16+1];
if ((pingflags & F_NUMERIC)
|| !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)addr, sizeof(*addr), AF_INET))) {
(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", inet_ntoa(*addr));
} else {
(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
inet_ntoa(*addr));
}
return buf;
}
/*
* Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
*/
static void
pr_retip(struct icmp *icp,
int cc)
{
int hlen;
u_char *cp;
struct ip ipb, *ip = &ipb;
(void) memcpy(ip, icp->icmp_data, sizeof(*ip));
if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE)
pr_iph(icp, cc);
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
cp = (u_char *) &icp->icmp_data[hlen];
if (ip->ip_p == IPPROTO_TCP) {
if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE)
(void)printf("\n TCP: from port %u, to port %u",
(*cp*256+*(cp+1)), (*(cp+2)*256+*(cp+3)));
} else if (ip->ip_p == IPPROTO_UDP) {
if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE)
(void)printf("\n UDP: from port %u, to port %u",
(*cp*256+*(cp+1)), (*(cp+2)*256+*(cp+3)));
} else if (ip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) {
struct icmp icp2;
(void) memcpy(&icp2, cp, sizeof(icp2));
if (icp2.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) {
if (pingflags & F_VERBOSE)
(void)printf("\n ID=%u icmp_seq=%u",
ntohs((u_short)icp2.icmp_id),
ntohs((u_short)icp2.icmp_seq));
else
(void)printf(" for icmp_seq=%u",
ntohs((u_short)icp2.icmp_seq));
}
}
}
static void
fill(void)
{
int i, j, k;
char *cp;
int pat[16];
for (cp = fill_pat; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
if (!isxdigit((unsigned char)*cp))
break;
}
if (cp == fill_pat || *cp != '\0' || (cp-fill_pat) > 16*2) {
(void)fflush(stdout);
errx(1, "\"-p %s\": patterns must be specified with"
" 1-32 hex digits\n",
fill_pat);
}
i = sscanf(fill_pat,
"%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
&pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3],
&pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], &pat[7],
&pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11],
&pat[12], &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
for (k=PHDR_LEN, j = 0; k <= datalen; k++) {
opack_icmp.icmp_data[k] = pat[j];
if (++j >= i)
j = 0;
}
if (!(pingflags & F_QUIET)) {
(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
for (j=0; j<i; j++)
(void)printf("%02x",
(u_char)opack_icmp.icmp_data[PHDR_LEN+j]);
(void)printf("\n");
}
}
static void
rnd_fill(void)
{
static u_int32_t rnd;
int i;
for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; i++) {
rnd = (3141592621U * rnd + 663896637U);
opack_icmp.icmp_data[i] = rnd>>24;
}
}
static void
gethost(const char *arg,
const char *name,
struct sockaddr_in *sa,
char *realname,
int realname_len)
{
struct hostent *hp;
(void)memset(sa, 0, sizeof(*sa));
sa->sin_family = AF_INET;
/* If it is an IP address, try to convert it to a name to
* have something nice to display.
*/
if (inet_aton(name, &sa->sin_addr) != 0) {
if (realname) {
if (pingflags & F_NUMERIC)
hp = 0;
else
hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&sa->sin_addr,
sizeof(sa->sin_addr),
AF_INET);
(void)strncpy(realname, hp ? hp->h_name : name,
realname_len);
realname[realname_len-1] = '\0';
}
return;
}
hp = gethostbyname(name);
if (!hp)
errx(1, "Cannot resolve \"%s\" (%s)",name,hstrerror(h_errno));
if (hp->h_addrtype != AF_INET)
errx(1, "%s only supported with IP", arg);
(void)memcpy(&sa->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, sizeof(sa->sin_addr));
if (realname) {
(void)strncpy(realname, hp->h_name, realname_len);
realname[realname_len-1] = '\0';
}
}
static void
usage(void)
{
(void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: \n"
"%s [-dDfLnoPqQrRv] [-c count] [-g gateway] [-h host]"
" [-i interval] [-I addr]\n"
" [-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s size] [-t tos] [-T ttl]"
" [-w maxwait] host\n",
__progname);
exit(1);
}
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