265 lines
7.3 KiB
Groff
265 lines
7.3 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.16 2011/04/28 17:22:20 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)boot_sparc.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.Dd November 9, 2008
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.Dt BOOT 8 sparc64
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm boot ,
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.Nm ofwboot
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.Nd system bootstrapping procedures
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm boot
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.Op Fl adqsv
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.Oo
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.Ar --
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.Aq Ar boot string
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.Oc
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Tn Sun
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.Tn UltraSPARC
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systems support booting from locally attached storage media
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.Pq e.g. hard disk, Tn CD-ROM ,
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and booting over
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.Tn Ethernet
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networks using
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.Tn BOOTP .
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.Ss Power fail and crash recovery
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Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
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An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed
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as described in
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.Xr fsck 8 ,
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and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
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.Ss Cold starts
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The
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.Tn Sun
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Open Firmware performs a Power On Self Test
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.Pq Tn POST ,
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and then will boot an operating system according to
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configuration in Open Firmware environment variables.
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.Ss Boot program options
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.Bl -tag -width xxx
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.It Fl a
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Prompt for the root file system device, the system crash dump
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device, and the path to
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.Xr init 8 .
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.It Fl d
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Bring the system up in debug mode.
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Here it waits for a kernel debugger connect; see
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.Xr gdb 1 .
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.It Fl q
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Boot the system in quiet mode.
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.It Fl s
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Bring the system up in single-user mode.
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.It Fl v
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Boot the system in verbose mode.
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.El
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.Pp
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Any extra flags or arguments, or the
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.Aq Ar boot string
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after the -- separator are passed to the boot PROM.
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Other flags are currently ignored.
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.Pp
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At any time you can halt the running system and get back to the Open Firmware.
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If the console is the
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.Tn Sun
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framebuffer and keyboard,
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press the
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.Sq STOP
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and
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.Sq A
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keys at the same time on the keyboard.
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On older models of
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.Tn Sun
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keyboards, the
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.Sq STOP
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key is labeled
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.Sq L1 .
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.Pp
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If the console is a serial port the same is
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achieved by sending a
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.Sq BREAK .
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.Pp
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If you do this accidentally, you can continue whatever was in progress
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with the
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.Ic go
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command.
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.Sh BOOT DEVICES
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Since machines vary greatly in the way their devices are connected,
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there are aliases defined by the firmware.
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You can either use the fully qualified
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Open Firmware path of a device node, or the alias.
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.Pp
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The secondary boot loader,
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.Nm ofwboot ,
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takes
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.Nm
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commands virtually the same as Open Firmware.
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Thus, the following examples apply equally to
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.Nm ofwboot
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as well as Open Firmware.
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.Pp
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A typical list of usable boot devices (extracted from the output of
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the Open Firmware command
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.Ic devalias )
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is:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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net /sbus/SUNW,hme@e,8c00000
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disk /sbus/SUNW,fas@e,8800000/sd@0,0
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cdrom /sbus/SUNW,fas@e,8800000/sd@6,0:f
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disk6 /sbus/SUNW,fas@e,8800000/sd@6,0
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disk5 /sbus/SUNW,fas@e,8800000/sd@5,0
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disk4 /sbus/SUNW,fas@e,8800000/sd@4,0
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disk3 /sbus/SUNW,fas@e,8800000/sd@3,0
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disk2 /sbus/SUNW,fas@e,8800000/sd@2,0
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disk1 /sbus/SUNW,fas@e,8800000/sd@1,0
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disk0 /sbus/SUNW,fas@e,8800000/sd@0,0
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.Ed
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.Pp
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If a device specification includes a partition letter (for example
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.Em cdrom
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in above list), that partition is used by default, otherwise the first (a)
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partition is used.
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If booting from the net device, there is no partition involved.
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.Pp
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The boot device is an optional first part of the boot string, if no device
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is specified the default device is used (see below).
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.Sh FIRMWARE ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
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All Open Firmware environment variables can be printed with the
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.Ic printenv
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command and changed with the
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.Ic setenv
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command.
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The boot process relevant variables and their suggested value for
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booting
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.Nx
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are:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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boot-command boot
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auto-boot? true
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boot-file
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boot-device disk
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diag-switch? false
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Of course you may select any other boot device,
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if you do not want to boot from the device aliased to
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.Em disk ,
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see the discussion on devices above.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/ofwboot.netxx -compact
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.It Pa /netbsd
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system code
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.It Pa /ofwboot
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system bootstrap
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.It Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot.net
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alternate bootstrap when booting from the network, see
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.Xr diskless 8
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for details.
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Boot from
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.Tn CD-ROM :
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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boot cdrom
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Note that some multi-architecture CDs are not able to use the
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default sparc64 partition for
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.Tn CD-ROMs
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.Pq f ,
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so they may require an explicit partition letter, for example
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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boot cdrom:c
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.Ed
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.Pp
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When using external
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.Tn SCSI
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.Tn CD-ROM
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drives it is important to know two things: the
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.Tn Sun
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firmware expects the
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.Tn SCSI
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ID to be six, and the drive must support 512-byte block reads,
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in addition to the standard 2048-byte reads.
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.Pp
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Use
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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boot net -sd
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.Ed
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.Pp
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to boot single user from network and break into the kernel debugger as
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soon as possible.
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.Pp
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Use
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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boot net tftp:netbsd -a
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.Ed
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.Pp
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to boot a kernel named netbsd obtained via tftp and have it ask for
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root file system, swap partition and init location once it is up.
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.Pp
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During installation from a different operating system
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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boot disk:b
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.Ed
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.Pp
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is used to boot a
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.Dq miniroot
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file system from the swap partition.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr sparc/boot 8 ,
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.Xr disklabel 8 ,
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.Xr diskless 8 ,
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.Xr fsck 8 ,
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.Xr halt 8 ,
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.Xr init 8 ,
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.Xr installboot 8 ,
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.Xr rc 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8 ,
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.Xr syslogd 8
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.Sh STANDARDS
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.Tn Sun
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developed its firmware and promoted it to become
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.St -ieee1275-94 .
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.Pp
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.Pa http://playground.sun.com/1275/
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.Sh BUGS
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.Nx
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provides no way to boot
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.Tn UltraSPARC
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systems from floppy disks.
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This is unlikely to change, due to very low demand for this feature.
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.Pp
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The OBP on Ultra 1 and Ultra 2 machines can only boot from the first
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4Gb of the disk.
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