404 lines
13 KiB
Groff
404 lines
13 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: ipsend.5,v 1.3 1998/01/09 08:09:37 perry Exp $
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.\"
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.TH IPSEND 5
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.SH NAME
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ipsend \- IP packet description language
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The \fBipsend\fP program expects, with the \fB-L\fP option, input to be a
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text file which fits the grammar described below. The purpose of this
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grammar is to allow IP packets to be described in an arbitary way which
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also allows encapsulation to be so done to an arbitary level.
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.SH GRAMMAR
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.LP
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.nf
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line ::= iface | arp | send | defrouter | ipv4line .
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iface ::= ifhdr "{" ifaceopts "}" ";" .
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ifhdr ::= "interface" | "iface" .
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ifaceopts ::= "ifname" name | "mtu" mtu | "v4addr" ipaddr |
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"eaddr" eaddr .
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send ::= "send" ";" | "send" "{" sendbodyopts "}" ";" .
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sendbodyopts ::= sendbody [ sendbodyopts ] .
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sendbody ::= "ifname" name | "via" ipaddr .
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defrouter ::= "router" ipaddr .
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arp ::= "arp" "{" arpbodyopts "}" ";" .
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arpbodyopts ::= arpbody [ arpbodyopts ] .
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arpbody ::= "v4addr" ipaddr | "eaddr" eaddr .
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bodyline ::= ipv4line | tcpline | udpline | icmpline | dataline .
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ipv4line ::= "ipv4" "{" ipv4bodyopts "}" ";" .
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ipv4bodyopts ::= ipv4body [ ipv4bodyopts ] | bodyline .
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ipv4body ::= "proto" protocol | "src" ipaddr | "dst" ipaddr |
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"off" number | "v" number | "hl" number| "id" number |
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"ttl" number | "tos" number | "sum" number | "len" number |
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"opt" "{" ipv4optlist "}" ";" .
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ipv4optlist ::= ipv4option [ ipv4optlist ] .
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ipv4optlist = "nop" | "rr" | "zsu" | "mtup" | "mtur" | "encode" | "ts" |
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"tr" | "sec" | "lsrr" | "e-sec" | "cipso" | "satid" |
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"ssrr" | "addext" | "visa" | "imitd" | "eip" | "finn" |
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"secclass" ipv4secclass.
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ipv4secclass := "unclass" | "confid" | "reserv-1" | "reserv-2" |
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"reserv-3" | "reserv-4" | "secret" | "topsecret" .
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tcpline ::= "tcp" "{" tcpbodyopts "}" ";" .
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tcpbodyopts ::= tcpbody [ tcpbodyopts ] | bodyline .
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tcpbody ::= "sport" port | "dport" port | "seq" number | "ack" number |
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"off" number | "urp" number | "win" number | "sum" number |
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"flags" tcpflags | data .
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udpline ::= "udp" "{" udpbodyopts "}" ";" .
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udpbodyopts ::= udpbody [ udpbodyopts ] | bodyline .
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udpbody ::= "sport" port | "dport" port | "len" number | "sum" number |
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data .
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icmpline ::= "icmp" "{" icmpbodyopts "}" ";" .
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icmpbodyopts ::= icmpbody [ icmpbodyopts ] | bodyline .
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icmpbody ::= "type" icmptype [ "code" icmpcode ] .
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icmptype ::= "echorep" | "echorep" "{" echoopts "}" ";" | "unreach" |
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"unreach" "{" unreachtype "}" ";" | "squench" | "redir" |
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"redir" "{" redirtype "}" ";" | "echo" "{" echoopts "}" ";" |
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"echo" | "routerad" | "routersol" | "timex" |
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"timex" "{" timextype "}" ";" | "paramprob" |
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"paramprob" "{" parapptype "}" ";" | "timest" | "timestrep" |
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"inforeq" | "inforep" | "maskreq" | "maskrep" .
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echoopts ::= echoopts [ icmpechoopts ] .
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unreachtype ::= "net-unr" | "host-unr" | "proto-unr" | "port-unr" |
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"needfrag" | "srcfail" | "net-unk" | "host-unk" | "isolate" |
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"net-prohib" | "host-prohib" | "net-tos" | "host-tos" |
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"filter-prohib" | "host-preced" | "cutoff-preced" .
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redirtype ::= "net-redir" | "host-redir" | "tos-net-redir" |
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"tos-host-redir" .
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timextype ::= "intrans" | "reass" .
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paramptype ::= "optabsent" .
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data ::= "data" "{" databodyopts "}" ";" .
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databodyopts ::= "len" number | "value" string | "file" filename .
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icmpechoopts ::= "icmpseq" number | "icmpid" number .
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.fi
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.SH COMMANDS
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.PP
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Before sending any packets or defining any packets, it is necessary to
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describe the interface(s) which will be used to send packets out.
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.TP
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.B interface
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is used to describe a network interface. The description included need
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not match the actual configuration currently employed by the operating
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system.
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.TP
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.B send
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is used to actually send out a packet across the network. If the
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destination is not specified, it will attempt to send the packet
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directly out on the network to the destination without routing it.
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.TP
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.B router
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configures the default router for ipsend, as distinct from the default
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route installed in the kernel.
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.TP
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.B ipv4
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is used to describe an IP (version 4) packet. IP header fields can be
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specified, including options, followed by a data section which may contain
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further protocol headers.
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.SH IPV4
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.TP
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.B hl <number>
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manually specifies the IP header length (automatically adjusts with the
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presence of IP options and defaults to 5);
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.TP
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.B v <number>
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set the IP version. Default is 4.
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.TP
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.B tos <number>
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set the type of service (TOS) field in the IP header. Default is 0.
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.TP
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.B len <number>
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manually specifies the length of the IP packet. The length will automatically
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be adjusted to accomodate data or further protocol headers.
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.TP
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.B off <number>
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sets the fragment offset field of the IP packet. Default is 0.
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.TP
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.B ttl <number>
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sets the time to live (TTL) field of the IP header. Default is 60.
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.TP
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.B proto <protocol>
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sets the protocol field of the IP header. The protocol can either be a
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number or a name found in \fB/etc/protocols\fP.
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.TP
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.B sum
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manually specifies the checksum for the IP header. If left unset (0), it
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will be calculated prior to being sent.
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.TP
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.B src
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manually specifies the source address of the IP header. If left unset, it
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will default to the host's IP address.
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.TP
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.B dst
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sets the destination of the IP packet. The default is 0.0.0.0.
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.TP
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.B opt
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is used to include IP options in the IP header.
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.TP
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.B tcp
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is used to indicate the a TCP protocol header is to follow. See the \fBTCP\fP
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section for TCP header options.
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.TP
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.B udp
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is used to indicate the a UDP protocol header is to follow. See the \fBUDP\fP
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section for UDP header options.
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.TP
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.B icmp
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is used to indicate the a ICMP protocol header is to follow. See the
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\fBICMP\fP section for ICMP header options.
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.TP
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.B data
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is used to indicate that raw data is to be included in the IP packet. See the
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\fBDATA\fP section for details on options available.
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.SH "IPv4 Options"
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these keywords indicate that the releveant IP option should be added to the
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IP header (the header length field will be adjusted appropriately).
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.TP
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.B nop
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No Operation [RFC 791] (space filler).
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.TP
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.B rr <number>
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Record Router [RFC 791]. The number given specifies the number of
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\fBbytes\fP to be used for storage. This should be a multiple of 4 for
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proper operation.
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.TP
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.B zsu
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Experimental Measurement.
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.TP
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.B mtup [RFC 1191].
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MTU Probe.
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.TP
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.B mtur [RFC 1191].
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MTU Ready.
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.TP
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.B encode
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.TP
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.B ts
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Timestamp [RFC 791].
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.TP
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.B tr
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Traceroute [RFC 1393].
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.TP
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.B "sec-class <security-level>, sec"
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Security [RFC 1108]. This option specifies the security label for the packet.
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Using \fBsec\fP sets up the framework of the security option but unless
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\fBsec-class\fP is given, the level may not be set.
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.TP
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.B "lsrr <ip-address>"
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Loose Source Route [RFC 791].
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.TP
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.B e-sec
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Extended Security [RFC 1108].
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.TP
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.B cipso
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Commercial Security.
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.TP
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.B satid
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Stream ID [RFC 791].
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.TP
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.B "ssrr <ip-address>"
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Strict Source Route [RFC 791].
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.TP
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.B addext
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Address Extension
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.TP
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.B visa
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Expermental Access Control.
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.TP
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.B imitd
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IMI Traffic Descriptor.
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.TP
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.B eip
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[RFC 1358].
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.TP
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.B finn
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Experimental Flow Control.
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.SH TCP
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.TP
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.B sport <port>
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sets the source port to the number/name given. Default is 0.
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.TP
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.B dport <port>
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sets the destination port to the number/name given. Default is 0.
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.TP
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.B seq <number>
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sets the sequence number to the number specified. Default is 0.
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.TP
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.B ack <number>
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sets the acknowledge number to the number specified. Default is 0.
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.TP
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.B off <number>
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sets the offset value for the start of data to the number specified. This
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implies the size of the TCP header. It is automatically adjusted if TCP
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options are included and defaults to 5.
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.TP
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.B urp <number>
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sets the value of the urgent data pointer to the number specified. Default
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is 0.
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.TP
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.B win <number>
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sets the size of the TCP window to the number specified. Default is 4096.
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.TP
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.B sum <number>
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manually specifies the checksum for the TCP pseudo-header and data. If left
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unset, it defaults to 0 and is automatically calculated.
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.TP
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.B flags <tcp-flags>
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sets the TCP flags field to match the flags specified. Valid flags are
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"S" (SYN), "A" (ACK), "R" (RST), "F" (FIN), "U" (URG), "P" (PUSH).
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.TP
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.B opt
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indicates that TCP header options follow. As TCP options are added to the
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TCP header, the \fBoff\fP field is updated to match.
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.TP
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.B data
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indicates that a data section is to follow and is to be included as raw
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data, being appended to the header.
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.SH "TCP options"
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With a TCP header, it is possible to append a number of header options.
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The TCP header offset will be updated automatically to reflect the change
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in size. The valid options are: \fBnop\fP No Operation,
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\fBeol\fP End Of (option) List, \fBmss [ size ]\fP Maximum Segment Size - this
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sets the maximum receivable size of a packet containing data,
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\fBwscale\fP Window Scale, \fBts\fP Timestamp.
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.SH UDP
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.TP
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.B sport <port>
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sets the source port to the number/name given. Default is 0.
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.TP
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.B dport <port>
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sets the destination port to the number/name given. Default is 0.
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.TP
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.B len <number>
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manually specifies the length of the UDP header and data. If left unset,
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it is automatically adjusted to match the header presence and any data if
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present.
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.TP
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.B sum <number>
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manually specifies the checksum for the UDP pseudo-header and data. If left
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unset, it defaults to 0 and is automatically calculated.
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.TP
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.B data
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indicates that a data section is to follow and is to be included as raw
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data, being appended to the header.
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.SH ICMP
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.TP
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.B type <icmptype>
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sets the ICMP type according the to the icmptype tag. This may either be
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a number or one of the recognised tags (see the \fBICMP TYPES\fP section for a
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list of names recognised).
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.TP
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.B code <icmpcode>
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sets the ICMP code.
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.TP
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.B data
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indicates that a data section is to follow and is to be included as raw
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data, being appended to the header.
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.SH DATA
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Each of the following extend the packet in a different way. \fBLen\fP just
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increases the length (without adding any content), \fBvalue\fP uses a string
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and \fBfile\fP a file.
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.TP
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.B len <number>
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extend the length of the packet by \fBnumber\fP bytes (without filling those
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bytes with any particular data).
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.TP
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.B value <string>
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indicates that the string provided should be added to the current packet as
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data. A string may be a consecutive list of characters and numbers (with
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no white spaces) or bounded by "'s (may not contain them, even if \\'d).
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The \\ charcater is recognised with the appropriate C escaped values, including
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octal numbers.
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.TP
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.B file <filename>
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reads data in from the specified file and appends it to the current packet.
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If the new total length would exceed 64k, an error will be reported.
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.SH "ICMP TYPES"
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.TP
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.B echorep
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Eecho Reply.
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.TP
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.B "unreach [ unreachable-code ]"
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Generic Unreachable error. This is used to indicate that an error has
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occurred whilst trying to send the packet across the network and that the
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destination cannot be reached. The unreachable code names are:
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\fBnet-unr\fP network unreachable, \fBhost-unr\fP host unreachable,
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\fBproto-unr\fP protocol unreachable, \fBport-unr\fP port unreachable,
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\fBneedfrag\fP, \fBsrcfail\fP source route failed,
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\fBnet-unk\fP network unknown, \fBhost-unk\fP host unknown,
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\fBisolate\fP, \fBnet-prohib\fP administratively prohibited contact with
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network,
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\fBhost-prohib\fP administratively prohibited contact with host,
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\fBnet-tos\fP network unreachable with given TOS,
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\fBhost-tos\fP host unreachable with given TOS,
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\fBfilter-prohib\fP packet prohibited by packet filter,
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\fBhost-preced\fP,
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\fBcutoff-preced\fP.
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.TP
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.B squench
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Source Quence.
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.TP
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.B "redir [ redirect-code ]"
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Redirect (routing). This is used to indicate that the route being chosen
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for forwarding the packet is suboptimal and that the sender of the packet
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should be routing packets via another route. The redirect code names are:
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\fBnet-redir\fP redirect packets for a network,
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\fBhost-redir\fP redirect packets for a host,
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\fBtos-net-redir\fP redirect packets for a network with a given TOS,
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\fBtos-host-redir\fP redirect packets for a host with a given TOS.
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.TP
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.B echo
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Echo.
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.TP
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.B routerad
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Router Advertisment.
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.TP
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.B routersol
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Router solicitation.
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.TP
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.B "timex [ timexceed-code ]"
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Time Exceeded. This is used to indicate that the packet failed to reach the
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destination because it was in transit too long (i.e. ttl reached 0). The
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valid code names are: \fBintrans\fP,
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\fBreass\fP could not reassemble packet from fragments within a given time.
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.TP
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.B "paramprob [ paramprob-code ]"
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Parameter problem. There is only one available parameter problem code name:
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\fBoptabsent\fP.
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.TP
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.B timest
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Time stamp request.
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.TP
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.B "timestrep [ { timestamp-code } ]"
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Time stamp reply. In a timestamp reply, it is possible to supply the
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following values: \fBrtime\fP, \fBotime\fP, \fBttime\fP.
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.TP
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.B inforeq
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Information request.
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.TP
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.B inforep
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Information reply.
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.TP
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.B maskreq
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Address mask request.
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.TP
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.B maskrep
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Address mask reply.
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.SH FILES
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/etc/hosts
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.br
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/etc/protocols
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.br
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/etc/services
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.SH SEE ALSO
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ipsend(1), iptest(1), hosts(5), protocols(5), services(5)
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