265 lines
8.4 KiB
Groff
265 lines
8.4 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.30 2006/06/20 06:28:32 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)boot_sparc.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
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.\"
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.Dd June 17, 2006
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.Dt BOOT 8 sparc
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm boot
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.Nd
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system bootstrapping procedures
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm boot
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.Op Fl adqsv
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.Oo
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.Ar --
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.Aq Ar boot string
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.Oc
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Ss Power fail and crash recovery
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Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
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An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed
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as described in
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.Xr fsck 8 ,
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and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
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.Ss Cold starts
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The
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.Tn Sun
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boot firmware, either old-style or new-style (Open Boot Prom),
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performs a Power On Self Test
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.Pq Tn POST ,
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and then will boot an operating system according to
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configuration in Open Firmware environment variables.
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.Ss Boot program options
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.Bl -tag -width xxx
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.It Fl a
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Prompt for the root file system device, the system crash dump
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device, and the path to
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.Xr init 8 .
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.It Fl d
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Bring the system up in debug mode.
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Here it waits for a kernel debugger connect; see
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.Xr gdb 1 .
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.It Fl C
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Boot kernel in compat mode.
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Starting with revision 1.14
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.Pq introduced on 2003/03/01 ,
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the sparc boot program loads the
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.Nx
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kernel at its linked virtual address.
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This feature requires a kernel built after 2003/02/21
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.Pq corresponding to kernel version 1.6Q .
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To load older kernels, the
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.Fl C
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option must be used, which loads the kernel at physical address
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0x4000.
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The size of a kernel loaded in this way is limited to approximately
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3MB.
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.It Fl q
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Boot the system in quiet mode.
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.It Fl s
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Bring the system up in single-user mode.
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.It Fl v
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Boot the system in verbose mode.
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.El
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.Pp
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Any extra flags or arguments, or the
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.Aq Ar boot string
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after the -- separator are passed to the boot PROM.
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Other flags are currently ignored.
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.Pp
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The SPARC boot ROM comes in two flavours: an
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.Dq old-style
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ROM is used in sun4 machines, while a
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.Dq new-style
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ROM can be found on sun4c and sun4m models.
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The
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.Dq new-style
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SPARC boot ROM is a full-featured Forth system with emacs key bindings.
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It can be put in
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.Dq old-style
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user-interface compatibility mode (in which case it shows a simple
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.Sq \*[Gt]
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prompt), but this is essentially useless.
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However, by default on sun4c models, the ROM runs in old-mode; to
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enter new-mode type
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.Sq n .
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The ROM then shows a Forth-style
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.Dq ok
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prompt.
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It is recommended to have the ROM always start in its native
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.Dq new-style
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mode.
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Utter the following incantation in new-mode to force the ROM to always start
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in new-mode.
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.Pp
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.Pa \ ok
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setenv sunmon-compat? false
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.Pp
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The ROM will normally load the kernel from
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.Dq sd(0,0,0)vmunix .
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To change the default so that
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.Nx
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will be loaded from somewhere else, type the following
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.Pp
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.Pa \ ok
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setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
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.Pp
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On newer SPARC machines, there are various aliases to access common devices.
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A typical list of usable boot devices (extracted from the output of
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the Open Boot PROM command
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.Ic devalias )
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is:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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floppy /obio/SUNW,fdtwo
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net-aui /iommu/sbus/ledma@f,400010:aui/le@f,c00000
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net-tpe /iommu/sbus/ledma@f,400010:tpe/le@f,c00000
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net /iommu/sbus/ledma@f,400010/le@f,c00000
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disk /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0
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cdrom /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@6,0:d
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tape /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/st@4,0
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tape1 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/st@5,0
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tape0 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/st@4,0
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disk3 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0
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disk2 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@2,0
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disk1 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@1,0
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disk0 /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@0,0
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.Ed
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.Pp
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For new-style machines,
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if a device specification includes a partition letter (for example
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.Em cdrom
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in above list), that partition is used by default, otherwise the first (a)
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partition is used.
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If booting from the net device, there is no partition involved.
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.Pp
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At any time you can break back to the ROM by pressing the
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.Sq L1
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and
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.Sq a
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keys at the same time (if the console is a serial port the same is
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achieved by sending a
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.Sq break ) .
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If you do this accidentally you can continue whatever was in progress
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by typing
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.Sq go .
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.Sh OPEN BOOT PROM ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
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This section only applies to new-style machines.
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.Pp
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All Open Boot PROM environment variables can be printed with the
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.Ic printenv
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command and changed with the
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.Ic setenv
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command.
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The boot process relevant variables and their suggested value for
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booting
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.Nx
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are:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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auto-boot? true
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boot-file
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boot-device disk
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diag-switch? false
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Of course you may select any other boot device,
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if you do not want to boot from the device aliased to
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.Em disk ,
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see the discussion on devices above.
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.Sh OPEN BOOT PROM ABBREVIATED COMMAND SUMMARY
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This section only applies to new-style machines.
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.Pp
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The following Open Boot PROM commands are related to the boot process:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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boot boot the system from the default device
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boot device filename arguments
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boot the specified device, filename and arguments
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probe-ide list devices on the primary IDE controller
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probe-ide-all list devices on all known IDE controllers
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probe-scsi list devices on the primary SCSI controller
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probe-scsi-all list devices on all known SCSI controllers
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reset reset the system
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.Ed
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For disk and tape devices, the boot device is specified as
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.Sq /path/device@target,lun:partition .
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.Sh PROM MONITOR ABBREVIATED COMMAND SUMMARY
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This section only applies to old-style machines.
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.Pp
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The following PROM monitor commands are related to the boot process:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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b boot the system from the default device
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b device filename arguments
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boot the specified device, filename and arguments
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b? list boot device types
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k2 reset the system
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.Ed
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.Pp
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For SCSI disk and tape devices, the boot device is specified as
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.Sq device(controller,unit,partition) ,
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where
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.Sq unit
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is the hexidecimal value of the SCSI id of the target multiplied
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by eight plus the lun, and
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.Sq partition
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is the partition number, starting from 0.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /netbsdxx -compact
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.It Pa /netbsd
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system code
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.It Pa /boot
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system bootstrap
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.\" .Xr crash 8 ,
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.Xr sparc64/boot 8 ,
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.Xr disklabel 8 ,
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.Xr fsck 8 ,
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.Xr halt 8 ,
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.Xr init 8 ,
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.Xr installboot 8 ,
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.Xr rc 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8 ,
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.Xr syslogd 8
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.Sh BUGS
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On sun4 machines, the
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.Nx
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sparc boot loader can only boot from RAID partitions that start at the
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beginning of the disk.
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.Pp
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On sun4 and early PROM version sun4c machines, the PROM can only boot from
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the first 1Gb of the disk.
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.Pp
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On later PROM version sun4c and early PROM version sun4m machines, the PROM
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can only boot from the first 2Gb of the disk.
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.Pp
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On later PROM version sun4m machines, the PROM can only boot from the first
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4Gb of the disk.
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