472 lines
14 KiB
Groff
472 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: ifconfig.8,v 1.41 2000/07/21 18:31:03 onoe Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)ifconfig.8 8.4 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
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.\"
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.Dd April 16, 1997
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.Dt IFCONFIG 8
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.Os BSD 4.2
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Nd configure network interface parameters
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Ar interface address_family
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.Oo
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.Ar address
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.Op Ar dest_address
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.Oc
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.Op Ar parameters
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.Nm ""
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.Op Fl A
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.Op Fl mL
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.Ar interface
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.Op Ar protocol_family
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.Nm ""
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.Fl a
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.Op Fl A
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.Op Fl mL
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.Op Fl b
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Fl s
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.Op Ar protocol_family
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.Nm ""
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.Fl l
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.Op Fl b
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Fl s
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.Nm ""
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.Fl s
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.Ar interface
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.Nm ""
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.Fl C
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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is used to assign an address
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to a network interface and/or configure
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network interface parameters.
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.Nm
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must be used at boot time to define the network address
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of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
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a later time to redefine an interface's address
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or other operating parameters.
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.Pp
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Available operands for
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.Nm "" :
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Ar address
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For the
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.Tn DARPA-Internet
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family,
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the address is either a host name present in the host name data
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base,
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.Xr hosts 5 ,
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or a
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
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.Dq dot notation .
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For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
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addresses are
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.Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
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where
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.Ar net
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is the assigned network number (in decimal),
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and each of the six bytes of the host number,
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.Ar a
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through
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.Ar f ,
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are specified in hexadecimal.
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The host number may be omitted on 10Mb/s Ethernet interfaces,
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which use the hardware physical address,
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and on interfaces other than the first.
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For the
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.Tn ISO
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family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
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as in the Xerox family. However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
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byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
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count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
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.It Ar address_family
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Specifies the
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.Ar address family
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which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
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Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
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with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
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The address or protocol families currently
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supported are
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.Dq inet ,
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.Dq inet6 ,
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.Dq atalk ,
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.Dq iso ,
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and
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.Dq ns .
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.It Ar interface
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The
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.Ar interface
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parameter is a string of the form
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.Dq name unit ,
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for example,
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.Dq en0
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.El
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.Pp
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The following parameters may be set with
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.Nm "" :
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.Bl -tag -width dest_addressxx
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.It Cm alias
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Establish an additional network address for this interface.
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This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
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one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
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.It Fl alias
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Remove the specified network address alias.
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.It Cm arp
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Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol in mapping
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between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
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This is currently implemented for mapping between
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet
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addresses and 10Mb/s Ethernet addresses.
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.It Fl arp
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Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol.
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.It Cm anycast
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(inet6 only)
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Set the IPv6 anycast address bit.
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.It Fl anycast
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(inet6 only)
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Clear the IPv6 anycast address bit.
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.It Cm broadcast Ar mask
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(Inet only)
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Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
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network.
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The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
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.It Cm debug
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Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
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extra console error logging.
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.It Fl debug
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Disable driver dependent debugging code.
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.ne 1i
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.It Cm delete
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Remove the network address specified.
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This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
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was no longer needed.
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If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
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of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
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allow you to respecify the host portion.
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.Cm delete
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does not work for IPv6 addresses.
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Use
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.Fl alias
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with explicit IPv6 address instead.
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.It Ar dest_address
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Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
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of a point to point link.
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.It Cm down
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Mark an interface ``down''. When an interface is
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marked ``down'', the system will not attempt to
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transmit messages through that interface.
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If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
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This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
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.It Cm ipdst
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This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
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ip packets encapsulating NS packets bound for a remote network.
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An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
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the address specified will be taken as the NS address and network
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of the destination.
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IP encapsulation of
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.Tn CLNP
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packets is done differently.
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.It Cm media Ar type
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Set the media type of the interface to
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.Ar type .
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Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
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different physical media connectors. For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet
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interface might support the use of either
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.Tn AUI
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or twisted pair connectors. Setting the media type to
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.Dq 10base5
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or
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.Dq AUI
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would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
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Setting it to
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.Dq 10baseT
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or
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.Dq UTP
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would activate twisted pair. Refer to the interfaces' driver
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specific man page for a complete list of the available types.
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.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
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Set the specified media options on the interface.
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.Ar opts
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is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
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Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
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list of available options.
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.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
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Disable the specified media options on the interface.
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.It Cm instance Ar minst
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Set the media instance to
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.Ar minst .
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This is useful for devices which have multiple physical layer interfaces
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(PHYs). Setting the instance on such devices may not be strictly required
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by the network interface driver as the driver may take care of this
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automatically; see the driver's manual page for more information.
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.It Cm metric Ar n
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Set the routing metric of the interface to
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.Ar n ,
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default 0.
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The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
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.Pq Xr routed 8 .
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Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
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less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
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to the destination network or host.
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.It Cm mtu Ar n
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Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
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.Ar n .
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Most interfaces don't support this option.
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.It Cm netmask Ar mask
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(Inet, inet6 and ISO)
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Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
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networks into sub-networks.
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The mask includes the network part of the local address
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and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
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The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
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with a leading 0x, with a dot-notation Internet address,
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or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
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.Xr networks 5 .
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The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
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which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
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and 0's for the host part.
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The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
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and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
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portion.
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.Pp
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For INET and INET6 addresses, the netmask can also be given with
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slash-notation after the address (e.g 192.168.17.3/24).
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.\" see
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.\" Xr eon 5 .
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.It Cm nsellength Ar n
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.Pf ( Tn ISO
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only)
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This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
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.Tn NSAP
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used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
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taken to be the
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.Tn NET
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(Network Entity Title).
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The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
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.Tn GOSIP .
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When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
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it is really the
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.Tn NSAP
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which is being specified.
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For example, in
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.Tn US GOSIP ,
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20 hex digits should be
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specified in the
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.Tn ISO NSAP
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to be assigned to the interface.
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There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
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for
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.Tn AFI
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37 type addresses.
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.It Cm nwid Ar id
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(IEEE 802.11 devices only)
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Configure network ID for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
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The
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.Ar id
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can either be any text string up to 32 characters in length,
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or a series of hexadecimal digits up to 64 digits.
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The empty string allows the inteface to connect to any available
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access points.
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.It Cm nwkey Ar key
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(IEEE 802.11 devices only)
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Enable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces
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with the
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.Ar key .
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The
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.Ar key
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can either be a string, a series of hexadecimal digits, or a set of keys
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in the form
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.Ar n:k1,k2,k3,k4 ,
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where
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.Ar n
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specifies which of keys will be used for all transmitted packets,
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and four keys,
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.Ar k1
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through
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.Ar k4 ,
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are configured as WEP keys.
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Note that the order must be match within same network if multiple keys
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are used.
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For IEEE 802.11 wireless network, the length of each key is restricted to
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40 bits, i.e. 5-character string or 10 hexadecimal digits,
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while the WaveLAN/IEEE Gold cards accept the 104 bits (13 characters) key.
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.It Fl nwkey
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(IEEE 802.11 devices only)
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Disable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
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.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr Ar dest_addr
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(IP tunnel devices only)
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Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
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interfaces (gif). The arguments
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.Ar src_addr
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and
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.Ar dest_addr
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are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
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IPv4/IPv6 header.
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.It Cm deletetunnel
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Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
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interfaces previously configured with
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.Cm tunnel .
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.It Cm create
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Create the specified network pseudo-device.
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.It Cm destroy
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Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
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.It Cm pltime Ar n
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(inet6 only)
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Set preferred lifetime for the address.
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.It Cm prefixlen Ar n
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(inet6 only)
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Effect is similar to
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.Cm netmask .
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but you can specify by prefix length by digits.
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.It Cm tentative
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(inet6 only)
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Set the IPv6 tentative address bit.
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.It Fl tentative
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(inet6 only)
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Clear the IPv6 tentative address bit.
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.It Cm link[0-2]
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Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
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These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
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they are in general used to select special modes of operation. An example
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of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
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for some ethernet cards. Refer to the man page for the specific driver
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for more information.
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.ne 1i
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.It Fl link[0-2]
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Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
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.It Cm up
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Mark an interface ``up''.
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This may be used to enable an interface after an ``ifconfig down.''
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It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
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If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
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the hardware will be re-initialized.
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.It Cm vltime Ar n
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(inet6 only)
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Set valid lifetime for the address.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Nm
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displays the current configuration for a network interface
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when no optional parameters are supplied.
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If a protocol family is specified,
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Ifconfig will report only the details specific to that protocol
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family.
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.Pp
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If the
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.Fl s
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flag is passed before an interface name,
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.Nm
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will attempt to query the interface for its media status. If the
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interface supports reporting media status, and it reports that it does
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not appear to be connected to a network,
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.Nm
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will exit with status of 1 (false); otherwise, it will exit with a
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zero (true) exit status. Not all interface drivers support media
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status reporting.
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.Pp
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If the
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.Fl m
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flag is passed before an interface name,
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.Nm
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will display all of the supported media for the specified interface.
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If the
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.Fl L
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flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
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as time offset string.
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.Pp
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Optionally, the
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.Fl a
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flag may be used instead of an interface name. This flag instructs
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.Nm
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to display information about all interfaces in the system.
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.Fl d
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limits this to interfaces that are down,
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.Fl u
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limits this to interfaces that are up,
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.Fl b
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limits this to broadcast interfaces, and
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.Fl s
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omits interfaces which appear not to be connected to a network.
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.Pp
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If the
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.Fl A
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flag is also specified, any relevant interface alias information is also
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displayed.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl l
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flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
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no other additional information. Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
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with all other flags and commands, except for
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.Fl d
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(only list interfaces that are down),
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.Fl u
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(only list interfaces that are up),
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.Fl s
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(only list interfaces that may be connected),
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.Fl b
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(only list broadcast interfaces).
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.Pp
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The
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.Fl C
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flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
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the system, with no additional information. Use of this flag is
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mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
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.Pp
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Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
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.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
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Messages indicating the specified interface does not exit, the
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requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
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tried to alter an interface's configuration.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr netstat 1 ,
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.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
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.Xr netintro 4 ,
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.\" .Xr eon 5 ,
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.Xr rc 8 ,
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.Xr routed 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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