Aren
/
NetBSD
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
NetBSD/lib/libc/gen/getcap.c

1052 lines
23 KiB
C
Raw Blame History

/* $NetBSD: getcap.c,v 1.12 1997/05/17 19:29:18 pk Exp $ */
/*-
* Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
* Casey Leedom of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
#if 0
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)getcap.c 8.3 (Berkeley) 3/25/94";
#else
static char rcsid[] = "$NetBSD: getcap.c,v 1.12 1997/05/17 19:29:18 pk Exp $";
#endif
#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <db.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define BFRAG 1024
#define BSIZE 1024
#define ESC ('[' & 037) /* ASCII ESC */
#define MAX_RECURSION 32 /* maximum getent recursion */
#define SFRAG 100 /* cgetstr mallocs in SFRAG chunks */
#define RECOK (char)0
#define TCERR (char)1
#define SHADOW (char)2
static size_t topreclen; /* toprec length */
static char *toprec; /* Additional record specified by cgetset() */
static int gottoprec; /* Flag indicating retrieval of toprecord */
static int cdbget __P((DB *, char **, char *));
static int getent __P((char **, u_int *, char **, int, char *, int, char *));
static int nfcmp __P((char *, char *));
/*
* Cgetset() allows the addition of a user specified buffer to be added
* to the database array, in effect "pushing" the buffer on top of the
* virtual database. 0 is returned on success, -1 on failure.
*/
int
cgetset(ent)
char *ent;
{
if (ent == NULL) {
if (toprec)
free(toprec);
toprec = NULL;
topreclen = 0;
return (0);
}
topreclen = strlen(ent);
if ((toprec = malloc (topreclen + 1)) == NULL) {
errno = ENOMEM;
return (-1);
}
gottoprec = 0;
(void)strcpy(toprec, ent); /* XXX: strcpy is safe */
return (0);
}
/*
* Cgetcap searches the capability record buf for the capability cap with
* type `type'. A pointer to the value of cap is returned on success, NULL
* if the requested capability couldn't be found.
*
* Specifying a type of ':' means that nothing should follow cap (:cap:).
* In this case a pointer to the terminating ':' or NUL will be returned if
* cap is found.
*
* If (cap, '@') or (cap, terminator, '@') is found before (cap, terminator)
* return NULL.
*/
char *
cgetcap(buf, cap, type)
char *buf, *cap;
int type;
{
register char *bp, *cp;
bp = buf;
for (;;) {
/*
* Skip past the current capability field - it's either the
* name field if this is the first time through the loop, or
* the remainder of a field whose name failed to match cap.
*/
for (;;)
if (*bp == '\0')
return (NULL);
else
if (*bp++ == ':')
break;
/*
* Try to match (cap, type) in buf.
*/
for (cp = cap; *cp == *bp && *bp != '\0'; cp++, bp++)
continue;
if (*cp != '\0')
continue;
if (*bp == '@')
return (NULL);
if (type == ':') {
if (*bp != '\0' && *bp != ':')
continue;
return(bp);
}
if (*bp != type)
continue;
bp++;
return (*bp == '@' ? NULL : bp);
}
/* NOTREACHED */
}
/*
* Cgetent extracts the capability record name from the NULL terminated file
* array db_array and returns a pointer to a malloc'd copy of it in buf.
* Buf must be retained through all subsequent calls to cgetcap, cgetnum,
* cgetflag, and cgetstr, but may then be free'd. 0 is returned on success,
* -1 if the requested record couldn't be found, -2 if a system error was
* encountered (couldn't open/read a file, etc.), and -3 if a potential
* reference loop is detected.
*/
int
cgetent(buf, db_array, name)
char **buf, **db_array, *name;
{
u_int dummy;
return (getent(buf, &dummy, db_array, -1, name, 0, NULL));
}
/*
* Getent implements the functions of cgetent. If fd is non-negative,
* *db_array has already been opened and fd is the open file descriptor. We
* do this to save time and avoid using up file descriptors for tc=
* recursions.
*
* Getent returns the same success/failure codes as cgetent. On success, a
* pointer to a malloc'ed capability record with all tc= capabilities fully
* expanded and its length (not including trailing ASCII NUL) are left in
* *cap and *len.
*
* Basic algorithm:
* + Allocate memory incrementally as needed in chunks of size BFRAG
* for capability buffer.
* + Recurse for each tc=name and interpolate result. Stop when all
* names interpolated, a name can't be found, or depth exceeds
* MAX_RECURSION.
*/
static int
getent(cap, len, db_array, fd, name, depth, nfield)
char **cap, **db_array, *name, *nfield;
u_int *len;
int fd, depth;
{
DB *capdbp;
DBT key, data;
register char *r_end, *rp, **db_p;
int myfd, eof, foundit, retval, clen;
char *record, *cbuf;
int tc_not_resolved;
char pbuf[_POSIX_PATH_MAX];
/*
* Return with ``loop detected'' error if we've recursed more than
* MAX_RECURSION times.
*/
if (depth > MAX_RECURSION)
return (-3);
/*
* Check if we have a top record from cgetset().
*/
if (depth == 0 && toprec != NULL && cgetmatch(toprec, name) == 0) {
if ((record = malloc (topreclen + BFRAG)) == NULL) {
errno = ENOMEM;
return (-2);
}
(void)strcpy(record, toprec); /* XXX: strcpy is safe */
myfd = 0;
db_p = db_array;
rp = record + topreclen + 1;
r_end = rp + BFRAG;
goto tc_exp;
}
/*
* Allocate first chunk of memory.
*/
if ((record = malloc(BFRAG)) == NULL) {
errno = ENOMEM;
return (-2);
}
r_end = record + BFRAG;
foundit = 0;
/*
* Loop through database array until finding the record.
*/
for (db_p = db_array; *db_p != NULL; db_p++) {
eof = 0;
/*
* Open database if not already open.
*/
if (fd >= 0) {
(void)lseek(fd, (off_t)0, L_SET);
myfd = 0;
} else {
(void)snprintf(pbuf, sizeof(pbuf), "%s.db", *db_p);
if ((capdbp = dbopen(pbuf, O_RDONLY, 0, DB_HASH, 0))
!= NULL) {
free(record);
retval = cdbget(capdbp, &record, name);
if (retval < 0) {
/* no record available */
(void)capdbp->close(capdbp);
return (retval);
}
/* save the data; close frees it */
clen = strlen(record);
cbuf = malloc(clen + 1);
memcpy(cbuf, record, clen + 1);
if (capdbp->close(capdbp) < 0) {
free(cbuf);
return (-2);
}
*len = clen;
*cap = cbuf;
return (retval);
} else {
fd = open(*db_p, O_RDONLY, 0);
if (fd < 0) {
/* No error on unfound file. */
continue;
}
myfd = 1;
}
}
/*
* Find the requested capability record ...
*/
{
char buf[BUFSIZ];
register char *b_end, *bp;
register int c;
/*
* Loop invariants:
* There is always room for one more character in record.
* R_end always points just past end of record.
* Rp always points just past last character in record.
* B_end always points just past last character in buf.
* Bp always points at next character in buf.
*/
b_end = buf;
bp = buf;
for (;;) {
/*
* Read in a line implementing (\, newline)
* line continuation.
*/
rp = record;
for (;;) {
if (bp >= b_end) {
int n;
n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (n <= 0) {
if (myfd)
(void)close(fd);
if (n < 0) {
free(record);
return (-2);
} else {
fd = -1;
eof = 1;
break;
}
}
b_end = buf+n;
bp = buf;
}
c = *bp++;
if (c == '\n') {
if (rp > record && *(rp-1) == '\\') {
rp--;
continue;
} else
break;
}
*rp++ = c;
/*
* Enforce loop invariant: if no room
* left in record buffer, try to get
* some more.
*/
if (rp >= r_end) {
u_int pos;
size_t newsize;
pos = rp - record;
newsize = r_end - record + BFRAG;
record = realloc(record, newsize);
if (record == NULL) {
errno = ENOMEM;
if (myfd)
(void)close(fd);
return (-2);
}
r_end = record + newsize;
rp = record + pos;
}
}
/* loop invariant let's us do this */
*rp++ = '\0';
/*
* If encountered eof check next file.
*/
if (eof)
break;
/*
* Toss blank lines and comments.
*/
if (*record == '\0' || *record == '#')
continue;
/*
* See if this is the record we want ...
*/
if (cgetmatch(record, name) == 0) {
if (nfield == NULL || !nfcmp(nfield, record)) {
foundit = 1;
break; /* found it! */
}
}
}
}
if (foundit)
break;
}
if (!foundit)
return (-1);
/*
* Got the capability record, but now we have to expand all tc=name
* references in it ...
*/
tc_exp: {
register char *newicap, *s;
register int newilen;
u_int ilen;
int diff, iret, tclen;
char *icap, *scan, *tc, *tcstart, *tcend;
/*
* Loop invariants:
* There is room for one more character in record.
* R_end points just past end of record.
* Rp points just past last character in record.
* Scan points at remainder of record that needs to be
* scanned for tc=name constructs.
*/
scan = record;
tc_not_resolved = 0;
for (;;) {
if ((tc = cgetcap(scan, "tc", '=')) == NULL)
break;
/*
* Find end of tc=name and stomp on the trailing `:'
* (if present) so we can use it to call ourselves.
*/
s = tc;
for (;;)
if (*s == '\0')
break;
else
if (*s++ == ':') {
*(s - 1) = '\0';
break;
}
tcstart = tc - 3;
tclen = s - tcstart;
tcend = s;
iret = getent(&icap, &ilen, db_p, fd, tc, depth+1,
NULL);
newicap = icap; /* Put into a register. */
newilen = ilen;
if (iret != 0) {
/* an error */
if (iret < -1) {
if (myfd)
(void)close(fd);
free(record);
return (iret);
}
if (iret == 1)
tc_not_resolved = 1;
/* couldn't resolve tc */
if (iret == -1) {
*(s - 1) = ':';
scan = s - 1;
tc_not_resolved = 1;
continue;
}
}
/* not interested in name field of tc'ed record */
s = newicap;
for (;;)
if (*s == '\0')
break;
else
if (*s++ == ':')
break;
newilen -= s - newicap;
newicap = s;
/* make sure interpolated record is `:'-terminated */
s += newilen;
if (*(s-1) != ':') {
*s = ':'; /* overwrite NUL with : */
newilen++;
}
/*
* Make sure there's enough room to insert the
* new record.
*/
diff = newilen - tclen;
if (diff >= r_end - rp) {
u_int pos, tcpos, tcposend;
size_t newsize;
pos = rp - record;
newsize = r_end - record + diff + BFRAG;
tcpos = tcstart - record;
tcposend = tcend - record;
record = realloc(record, newsize);
if (record == NULL) {
errno = ENOMEM;
if (myfd)
(void)close(fd);
free(icap);
return (-2);
}
r_end = record + newsize;
rp = record + pos;
tcstart = record + tcpos;
tcend = record + tcposend;
}
/*
* Insert tc'ed record into our record.
*/
s = tcstart + newilen;
bcopy(tcend, s, rp - tcend);
bcopy(newicap, tcstart, newilen);
rp += diff;
free(icap);
/*
* Start scan on `:' so next cgetcap works properly
* (cgetcap always skips first field).
*/
scan = s-1;
}
}
/*
* Close file (if we opened it), give back any extra memory, and
* return capability, length and success.
*/
if (myfd)
(void)close(fd);
*len = rp - record - 1; /* don't count NUL */
if (r_end > rp)
if ((record =
realloc(record, (size_t)(rp - record))) == NULL) {
errno = ENOMEM;
return (-2);
}
*cap = record;
if (tc_not_resolved)
return (1);
return (0);
}
static int
cdbget(capdbp, bp, name)
DB *capdbp;
char **bp, *name;
{
DBT key, data;
char *buf;
int st;
key.data = name;
key.size = strlen(name);
for (;;) {
/* Get the reference. */
switch(capdbp->get(capdbp, &key, &data, 0)) {
case -1:
return (-2);
case 1:
return (-1);
}
/* If not an index to another record, leave. */
if (((char *)data.data)[0] != SHADOW)
break;
key.data = (char *)data.data + 1;
key.size = data.size - 1;
}
*bp = (char *)data.data + 1;
return (((char *)(data.data))[0] == TCERR ? 1 : 0);
}
/*
* Cgetmatch will return 0 if name is one of the names of the capability
* record buf, -1 if not.
*/
int
cgetmatch(buf, name)
char *buf, *name;
{
register char *np, *bp;
/*
* Start search at beginning of record.
*/
bp = buf;
for (;;) {
/*
* Try to match a record name.
*/
np = name;
for (;;)
if (*np == '\0')
if (*bp == '|' || *bp == ':' || *bp == '\0')
return (0);
else
break;
else
if (*bp++ != *np++)
break;
/*
* Match failed, skip to next name in record.
*/
bp--; /* a '|' or ':' may have stopped the match */
for (;;)
if (*bp == '\0' || *bp == ':')
return (-1); /* match failed totally */
else
if (*bp++ == '|')
break; /* found next name */
}
}
int
cgetfirst(buf, db_array)
char **buf, **db_array;
{
(void)cgetclose();
return (cgetnext(buf, db_array));
}
static FILE *pfp;
static int slash;
static char **dbp;
int
cgetclose()
{
if (pfp != NULL) {
(void)fclose(pfp);
pfp = NULL;
}
dbp = NULL;
gottoprec = 0;
slash = 0;
return(0);
}
/*
* Cgetnext() gets either the first or next entry in the logical database
* specified by db_array. It returns 0 upon completion of the database, 1
* upon returning an entry with more remaining, and -1 if an error occurs.
*/
int
cgetnext(bp, db_array)
register char **bp;
char **db_array;
{
size_t len;
int status, i, done;
char *cp, *line, *rp, *np, buf[BSIZE], nbuf[BSIZE];
u_int dummy;
if (dbp == NULL)
dbp = db_array;
if (pfp == NULL && (pfp = fopen(*dbp, "r")) == NULL) {
(void)cgetclose();
return (-1);
}
for(;;) {
if (toprec && !gottoprec) {
gottoprec = 1;
line = toprec;
} else {
line = fgetln(pfp, &len);
if (line == NULL && pfp) {
(void)fclose(pfp);
if (ferror(pfp)) {
(void)cgetclose();
return (-1);
} else {
if (*++dbp == NULL) {
(void)cgetclose();
return (0);
} else if ((pfp =
fopen(*dbp, "r")) == NULL) {
(void)cgetclose();
return (-1);
} else
continue;
}
} else
line[len - 1] = '\0';
if (len == 1) {
slash = 0;
continue;
}
if (isspace(*line) ||
*line == ':' || *line == '#' || slash) {
if (line[len - 2] == '\\')
slash = 1;
else
slash = 0;
continue;
}
if (line[len - 2] == '\\')
slash = 1;
else
slash = 0;
}
/*
* Line points to a name line.
*/
i = 0;
done = 0;
np = nbuf;
for (;;) {
for (cp = line; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
if (*cp == ':') {
*np++ = ':';
done = 1;
break;
}
if (*cp == '\\')
break;
*np++ = *cp;
}
if (done) {
*np = '\0';
break;
} else { /* name field extends beyond the line */
line = fgetln(pfp, &len);
if (line == NULL && pfp) {
(void)fclose(pfp);
if (ferror(pfp)) {
(void)cgetclose();
return (-1);
}
} else
line[len - 1] = '\0';
}
}
rp = buf;
for(cp = nbuf; *cp != '\0'; cp++)
if (*cp == '|' || *cp == ':')
break;
else
*rp++ = *cp;
*rp = '\0';
/*
* XXX
* Last argument of getent here should be nbuf if we want true
* sequential access in the case of duplicates.
* With NULL, getent will return the first entry found
* rather than the duplicate entry record. This is a
* matter of semantics that should be resolved.
*/
status = getent(bp, &dummy, db_array, -1, buf, 0, NULL);
if (status == -2 || status == -3)
(void)cgetclose();
return (status + 1);
}
/* NOTREACHED */
}
/*
* Cgetstr retrieves the value of the string capability cap from the
* capability record pointed to by buf. A pointer to a decoded, NUL
* terminated, malloc'd copy of the string is returned in the char *
* pointed to by str. The length of the string not including the trailing
* NUL is returned on success, -1 if the requested string capability
* couldn't be found, -2 if a system error was encountered (storage
* allocation failure).
*/
int
cgetstr(buf, cap, str)
char *buf, *cap;
char **str;
{
register u_int m_room;
register char *bp, *mp;
int len;
char *mem;
/*
* Find string capability cap
*/
bp = cgetcap(buf, cap, '=');
if (bp == NULL)
return (-1);
/*
* Conversion / storage allocation loop ... Allocate memory in
* chunks SFRAG in size.
*/
if ((mem = malloc(SFRAG)) == NULL) {
errno = ENOMEM;
return (-2); /* couldn't even allocate the first fragment */
}
m_room = SFRAG;
mp = mem;
while (*bp != ':' && *bp != '\0') {
/*
* Loop invariants:
* There is always room for one more character in mem.
* Mp always points just past last character in mem.
* Bp always points at next character in buf.
*/
if (*bp == '^') {
bp++;
if (*bp == ':' || *bp == '\0')
break; /* drop unfinished escape */
*mp++ = *bp++ & 037;
} else if (*bp == '\\') {
bp++;
if (*bp == ':' || *bp == '\0')
break; /* drop unfinished escape */
if ('0' <= *bp && *bp <= '7') {
register int n, i;
n = 0;
i = 3; /* maximum of three octal digits */
do {
n = n * 8 + (*bp++ - '0');
} while (--i && '0' <= *bp && *bp <= '7');
*mp++ = n;
}
else switch (*bp++) {
case 'b': case 'B':
*mp++ = '\b';
break;
case 't': case 'T':
*mp++ = '\t';
break;
case 'n': case 'N':
*mp++ = '\n';
break;
case 'f': case 'F':
*mp++ = '\f';
break;
case 'r': case 'R':
*mp++ = '\r';
break;
case 'e': case 'E':
*mp++ = ESC;
break;
case 'c': case 'C':
*mp++ = ':';
break;
default:
/*
* Catches '\', '^', and
* everything else.
*/
*mp++ = *(bp-1);
break;
}
} else
*mp++ = *bp++;
m_room--;
/*
* Enforce loop invariant: if no room left in current
* buffer, try to get some more.
*/
if (m_room == 0) {
size_t size = mp - mem;
if ((mem = realloc(mem, size + SFRAG)) == NULL)
return (-2);
m_room = SFRAG;
mp = mem + size;
}
}
*mp++ = '\0'; /* loop invariant let's us do this */
m_room--;
len = mp - mem - 1;
/*
* Give back any extra memory and return value and success.
*/
if (m_room != 0)
if ((mem = realloc(mem, (size_t)(mp - mem))) == NULL)
return (-2);
*str = mem;
return (len);
}
/*
* Cgetustr retrieves the value of the string capability cap from the
* capability record pointed to by buf. The difference between cgetustr()
* and cgetstr() is that cgetustr does not decode escapes but rather treats
* all characters literally. A pointer to a NUL terminated malloc'd
* copy of the string is returned in the char pointed to by str. The
* length of the string not including the trailing NUL is returned on success,
* -1 if the requested string capability couldn't be found, -2 if a system
* error was encountered (storage allocation failure).
*/
int
cgetustr(buf, cap, str)
char *buf, *cap, **str;
{
register u_int m_room;
register char *bp, *mp;
int len;
char *mem;
/*
* Find string capability cap
*/
if ((bp = cgetcap(buf, cap, '=')) == NULL)
return (-1);
/*
* Conversion / storage allocation loop ... Allocate memory in
* chunks SFRAG in size.
*/
if ((mem = malloc(SFRAG)) == NULL) {
errno = ENOMEM;
return (-2); /* couldn't even allocate the first fragment */
}
m_room = SFRAG;
mp = mem;
while (*bp != ':' && *bp != '\0') {
/*
* Loop invariants:
* There is always room for one more character in mem.
* Mp always points just past last character in mem.
* Bp always points at next character in buf.
*/
*mp++ = *bp++;
m_room--;
/*
* Enforce loop invariant: if no room left in current
* buffer, try to get some more.
*/
if (m_room == 0) {
size_t size = mp - mem;
if ((mem = realloc(mem, size + SFRAG)) == NULL)
return (-2);
m_room = SFRAG;
mp = mem + size;
}
}
*mp++ = '\0'; /* loop invariant let's us do this */
m_room--;
len = mp - mem - 1;
/*
* Give back any extra memory and return value and success.
*/
if (m_room != 0)
if ((mem = realloc(mem, (size_t)(mp - mem))) == NULL)
return (-2);
*str = mem;
return (len);
}
/*
* Cgetnum retrieves the value of the numeric capability cap from the
* capability record pointed to by buf. The numeric value is returned in
* the long pointed to by num. 0 is returned on success, -1 if the requested
* numeric capability couldn't be found.
*/
int
cgetnum(buf, cap, num)
char *buf, *cap;
long *num;
{
register long n;
register int base, digit;
register char *bp;
/*
* Find numeric capability cap
*/
bp = cgetcap(buf, cap, '#');
if (bp == NULL)
return (-1);
/*
* Look at value and determine numeric base:
* 0x... or 0X... hexadecimal,
* else 0... octal,
* else decimal.
*/
if (*bp == '0') {
bp++;
if (*bp == 'x' || *bp == 'X') {
bp++;
base = 16;
} else
base = 8;
} else
base = 10;
/*
* Conversion loop ...
*/
n = 0;
for (;;) {
if ('0' <= *bp && *bp <= '9')
digit = *bp - '0';
else if ('a' <= *bp && *bp <= 'f')
digit = 10 + *bp - 'a';
else if ('A' <= *bp && *bp <= 'F')
digit = 10 + *bp - 'A';
else
break;
if (digit >= base)
break;
n = n * base + digit;
bp++;
}
/*
* Return value and success.
*/
*num = n;
return (0);
}
/*
* Compare name field of record.
*/
static int
nfcmp(nf, rec)
char *nf, *rec;
{
char *cp, tmp;
int ret;
for (cp = rec; *cp != ':'; cp++)
;
tmp = *(cp + 1);
*(cp + 1) = '\0';
ret = strcmp(nf, rec);
*(cp + 1) = tmp;
return (ret);
}
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink