582 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
582 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.16 2000/11/02 01:37:49 lukem Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999, 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.
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Installing
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.Nx
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is a relatively complex process, but if you have
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this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the
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information which is presented to you by the install program, it
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shouldn't be too much trouble.
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.Pp
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There are two kind of installer for
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.Nx*M ;
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standard,
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.Ic sysinst
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installer, and small,
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.Ic script
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installer.
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.Pp
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The former is the recommended, but it requires at least 5 MB of memory.
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If you have less memory, you have to chose the latter.
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.Pp
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.so ../common/sysinst
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.
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.Ss2 Running the script installation program
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Before you begin, you should know the geometry of your hard disk, i.e.
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the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not
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currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of
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tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the
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number of cylinders on the disk. The
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.Nx
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kernel will try to
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discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them
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at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints.
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(You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with
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another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the
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kernel can't figure out its geometry.)
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.Pp
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You should now be ready to install
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.Nx .
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It might be handy for you
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to have a pencil, some paper, and a calculator handy.
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.Pp
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The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while
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getting
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.Nx
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installed on your hard disk. If any question has a
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default answer, it will be displayed in brackets
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.Pq Dq []
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after the
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question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may press
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.Key CONTROL-C
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at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation
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process again from scratch.
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.(enum
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Boot your machine using of boot floppy. If the boot prompt
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does not appear in a reasonable amount of time, you either
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have a bad boot floppy or a hardware problem. Try writing the
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boot floppy image to a different disk, and using that. If it
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still doesn't work,
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.Nx
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probably can't be run on your
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hardware. This can probably be considered a bug, so you might
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want to report it. If you do, please include as many details
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about your system configuration as you can.
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.Pp
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It will take a while to load the kernel from the floppy,
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probably around a minute or so.
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.It
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You will then be presented with the
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.Nx
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kernel boot
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messages. You will want to read them, to determine your
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disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like
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.Li sd0
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and the geometry will be printed on a line that
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begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your
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disk's geometry when creating
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.Nx 's
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partitions. You will
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also need to know the name, to tell the install tools what
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disk to install on.
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.It
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You will be presented with a welcome message and a prompt
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asking whether you are going to
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.Ic install
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.Nx
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or
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.Ic upgrade
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an existing system. Select
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.Ic install
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to start installation.
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.It
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You will be presented a prompt asking if you wish to proceed
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with the installation process. If you wish to proceed,
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enter
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.Sq Ic y
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and press
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.Key RETURN .
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.It
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The install program will then tell you which disks it can
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install on, and ask you which it should use.
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Reply with the name of your disk.
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.It
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You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The
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default response is
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.Sq Ic mysd ,
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and for most purposes it will be
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OK. If you choose to name it something different, make sure
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the name is a single word and contains no special characters.
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You don't need to remember this name.
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.It
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You will be prompted for your disk's geometry information,
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i.e. the number of bytes per sector, cylinders on the disk,
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tracks per cylinder (heads), and sectors per track. Enter
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them when they are requested. If you make a mistake, press
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.Key CONTROL-C
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and when you get to the shell prompt, restart the
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install process by running the
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.Ic install
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command. Once you
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have entered this data, the install program will tell you the
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total size of your disk, in both sectors, and cylinders.
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Remember this number; if you're installing on the whole disk,
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you'll need it again soon.
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.It
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When describing your partitions, you will have the option of
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entering data about them in units of disk sectors or
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cylinders. If you choose to enter the information in units of
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sectors, remember that, for optimal performance, partitions
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should begin and end on cylinder boundaries. You will be
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asked about which units you wish to use, and you should reply
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with
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.Sq Ic c
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for cylinders, or
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.Sq Ic s
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for sectors.
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.It
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You will be asked to enter the size of your
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.Nx
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root partition
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.Pq Pa / .
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It should be at least 20 MB, but if you are going to
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be doing development, 25 MB is a more desirable size. This
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size should be expressed in units of sectors or cylinders,
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depending on which you said you wanted to use.
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.It
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Next, you will be asked for the size of your swap partition.
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You should probably allocate twice as much swap space as you
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have real memory. Systems that will be heavily used should
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have more swap space allocated, and systems that will be
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lightly used can get by with less. If you want the system to
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be able to save crash dumps when it panics, you will need at
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least as much swap space as you have RAM. Again, this number
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should be expressed in units of sectors or cylinders, as
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appropriate.
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.It
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The install program will then ask you for information about
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the rest of the partitions you want on your disk. For most
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purposes, you will want only one more partition,
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.Pa /usr .
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(Machines used as servers will probably also want
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.Pa /var
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as a
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separate partition. That can be done with these installation
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tools, but is not covered here.) The install program will
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tell you how much space there is left to be allocated in the
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NetBSD area of the disk, and, if you only want one more
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partition
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.Pq Pa /usr,
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you should enter it at the prompt when the
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installer asks you how large the next partition should be.
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It will then ask you for the name of the mount point for that
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partition. If you're doing a basic installation, that is
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.Pa /usr .
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.It
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.Em You are now at the
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.Em point of no return .
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Nothing has been
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written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to
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install
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.Nx ,
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your hard drive will be modified, and its
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contents may be scrambled at the whim of the install program.
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This is especially likely if you have given the install
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program incorrect information. If you are sure you want to
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proceed, enter
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.Sq Ic yes
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at the prompt.
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.It
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The install program will now label your disk and make the file
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systems you specified. The file systems will be initialized to
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contain
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.Nx
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bootstrapping binaries and configuration files.
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It will also create an
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.Pa /etc/fstab
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for your system, and mount all of the file systems under
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.Pa /mnt .
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(In other words, your
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.Pa /
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(root) partition will be mounted on
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.Pa /mnt ,
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your
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.Pa /usr
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partition on
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.Pa /mnt/usr ,
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and so on.) There should be no errors in this
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section of the installation. If there are, restart from the
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beginning of the installation process.
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.It
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You will be placed at a shell prompt
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.Pq Sq Li # .
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The remaining
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tasks are to copy the kernel from the kernel copy floppy to
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the hard drive's root file system and install the distribution
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sets. The flow of installation differs depending on your
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hardware resources, and on what media the distribution sets
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reside.
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.enum)
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.(tag indent
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.It Em To\ install\ from\ removable\ hard disk
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.Pp
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The first thing you should do is pick a temporary
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directory where the distribution files can be stored.
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To do this, enter the command
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.Ic Set_tmp_dir ,
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and enter
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the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget
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that your disk is mounted under
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.Pa /mnt ;
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you should
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probably pick a directory under
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.Pa /mnt/usr . )
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The default is
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.Pa /mnt/usr/distrib .
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.Pp
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Insert the media onto the drive. Check the device
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name of your drive from the boot message. The device
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name is something like
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.Li sd2
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depending on the SCSI
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disk drives connected to your machine. Note that the
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boot message can be displayed with the command
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.Ic more /kern/msgbuf .
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.Pp
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Mount the disk on the temporary directory with a
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command like:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "mount -t msdos /dev/sd2c" Ar tmp_dir
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.Pp
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if your removable drive's name is
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.Li sd2 .
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.Pp
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Run the
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.Ic Extract
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command once for each distribution
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set you wish to install. For instance, if you wish to
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install the
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.Sy base
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distribution set, followed by the
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.Sy kern
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distribution set, and finally the
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.Sy etc
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distribution set, use the commands:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "Extract base"
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.Dl # Ic "Extract kern"
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.Dl # Ic "Extract etc"
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.Pp
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For each extraction, it will ask you if the extraction
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should be verbose. If you reply affirmatively, it
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will print out the name of each file that's being
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extracted.
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.It Em To install from floppy
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.Pp
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The first thing you should do is pick a temporary
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directory where the distribution files can be stored.
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To do this, enter the command
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.Ic Set_tmp_dir ,
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and enter
|
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the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget
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that if your disk is still mounted under
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.Pa /mnt ;
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you should probably pick a directory under
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.Pa /mnt/usr . )
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.Pp
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After you have picked a temporary directory, enter the
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.Ic Load_fd
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command, to load the distribution sets from
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your floppies.
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.Pp
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You will be asked which floppy drive to use. Enter
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.Sq Li 0
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(zero) if you're using the first floppy drive
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(i.e. what
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.Tn MS-DOS
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would call
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.Sq Li "A:" ) ,
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or enter
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.Sq Li "1"
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(one)
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if you're using the second.
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.Pp
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You will be prompted to insert a floppy into the drive,
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to have its contents copied to your hard disk. Do so,
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and press
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.Key RETURN
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to begin copying. When that is done,
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read the remainder of the floppies that contain the
|
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distribution sets that you want to install, one by
|
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one. When the last is read, and you are being
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prompted for another, press
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.Key CONTROL-C .
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.Pp
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Run the
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.Ic Extract
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command once for each distribution
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set you wish to install. For instance, if you wish to
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install the
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.Sy base
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distribution set, followed by the
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.Sy kern
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distribution set, and finally the
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.Sy etc
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distribution set, use the commands:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "Extract base"
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.Dl # Ic "Extract kern"
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.Dl # Ic "Extract etc"
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.Pp
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For each extraction, it will ask you if the extraction
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should be verbose. If you reply affirmatively, it
|
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will print out the name of each file that's being
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extracted.
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.Pp
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.(Note
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If you know that you will be running low on
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disk space when installing
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.Nx ,
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you can load and
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extract one distribution set at a time. To do this,
|
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load only the floppies which contain the files for the
|
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first distribution set, extract them, and then change
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to the temporary directory and remove them with the
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command
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.Ic "rm set_name.??" .
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.Note)
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.Pp
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Once you are finished extracting all of the sets that
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you wish to install, you should proceed to the
|
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instructions below (after the last install medium
|
|
type-specific instructions), that explain how you
|
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should configure your system.
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.
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.It Em To install from tape
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.Pp
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The first thing you should do is pick a temporary
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directory where the distribution files can be stored.
|
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To do this, enter the command
|
|
.Ic Set_tmp_dir ,
|
|
and enter
|
|
the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget
|
|
that your disk is mounted under
|
|
.Pa /mnt ;
|
|
you should probably pick a directory under
|
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.Pa /mnt/usr . )
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|
The default is
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.Pa /mnt/usr/distrib .
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.Pp
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After you have picked a temporary directory, enter the
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.Ic Load_tape
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command, to load the distribution sets from
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tape.
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.Pp
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You will be asked which tape drive to use. The
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default is
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.Li rst0 ,
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which is correct if you're using
|
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the SCSI tape drive with the lowest SCSI-ID number.
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(For the SCSI tape drive with the next lowest SCSI-ID
|
|
number, you should use
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.Li rst1 ,
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and so on.)
|
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.Pp
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You will be prompted to press
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.Key RETURN
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when you have
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inserted the tape into the tape drive. When you do,
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the contents of the tape will be extracted into the
|
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temporary directory, and the names of the files being
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extracted will be printed.
|
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.Pp
|
|
After the tape has been extracted, to go the directory
|
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containing the first distribution set you wish to
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|
install. (Depending on how you made the tape, it's
|
|
probably a subdirectory of the temporary directory you
|
|
specified above.) Once there, run the
|
|
.Ic Set_tmp_dir
|
|
command again, and accept its default answer by
|
|
pressing return at the prompt.
|
|
.Pp
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|
Use the
|
|
.Ic Extract
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|
command to extract the distribution
|
|
set. For instance, if you're extracting the
|
|
.Sy base
|
|
set, use the command:
|
|
.Ic "Extract base"
|
|
You will be asked if you wish the extraction to be
|
|
verbose. If you reply affirmatively, the name of each
|
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file being extracted will be printed.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Repeat the previous two steps for each distribution
|
|
set you wish to install. Change to the set's
|
|
directory, run
|
|
.Ic Set_tmp_dir ,
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|
and then run
|
|
.Sy Extract Ar set_name
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|
to extract the set.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once you are finished extracting all of the sets that
|
|
you wish to install, you should proceed to the
|
|
instructions below (after the last install medium
|
|
type-specific instructions), that explain how you
|
|
should configure your system.
|
|
.
|
|
.It Em To install via FTP or NFS
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The first thing you should do is pick a temporary
|
|
directory where the distribution files can be stored.
|
|
To do this, enter the command
|
|
.Ic Set_tmp_dir ,
|
|
and enter
|
|
the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget
|
|
that your disk is mounted under
|
|
.Pa /mnt ;
|
|
you should
|
|
probably pick a directory under
|
|
.Pa /mnt/usr . )
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Pa /mnt/usr/distrib .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Configure the network interface. To use SLIP, type the following
|
|
command sequence:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "slattach -h -s" Ar speed Ic "tty00"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "ifconfig sl0" Ar "my_ipaddr peer_ipaddr"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar speed
|
|
is the network speed, and
|
|
.Ar my_ipaddr
|
|
is the numeric IP address of the machine you are going
|
|
to install
|
|
.Nx*M ,
|
|
while
|
|
.Ar peer_ipaddr
|
|
is the
|
|
address of the peer machine connected with your machine.
|
|
You might have to configure the peer SLIP interface
|
|
with similar sequence (depending on the peer system).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For instance, the sequence
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "slattach -h -s 38400 tty00"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "ifconfig sl0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.10"
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|
.Pp
|
|
configures the SLIP interface for the network between
|
|
your machine (with IP address 192.168.0.1) and the peer
|
|
(192.168.0.10) with speed 38400 bps. Note that IP
|
|
addresses 192.168.*.* are the private IP addresses
|
|
described in RFC 1597.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To use ethernet, do following:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "ifconfig ne0" Ar my_ipaddr
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar my_ipaddr
|
|
is the numeric IP address of the machine you are going
|
|
to install
|
|
.Nx*M .
|
|
ne0 is the interface name which correspond to
|
|
the Neptune-X or clone.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you are NFS-mounting the distribution sets, mount
|
|
them on the temporary directory with a command like:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mount -t nfs" Ar "serv_ipaddr:dist_dir tmp_dir"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar serv_ipaddr
|
|
is the server's numeric IP address,
|
|
.Ar dist_dir
|
|
is the path to the distribution files on
|
|
the server, and
|
|
.Ar tmp_dir
|
|
is the name of the local
|
|
temporary directory.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once this is done, proceed as if you had loaded the
|
|
files from tape, changing to the appropriate
|
|
directories, running
|
|
.Ic Set_tmp_dir
|
|
and running
|
|
.Ic Extract
|
|
as appropriate.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you are retrieving the distribution sets using ftp,
|
|
change into the temporary directory, and execute the
|
|
command:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic ftp Ar serv_ipaddr
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar serv_ipaddr
|
|
is once again the server's numeric
|
|
IP address. Get the files with FTP, taking care to
|
|
use binary mode when transferring the files.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once you have all of the files for the distribution
|
|
sets that you wish to install, you can proceed using
|
|
the instructions above, as if you had installed from a
|
|
floppy.
|
|
.(Note
|
|
As with the floppy install, if you're short on disk space, you can transfer
|
|
only one set at a time, extract it, and then delete it in order to save space.
|
|
.Note)
|
|
.tag)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once you have finished extracting all of the distribution sets
|
|
that you wish to install, and are back at the
|
|
.Sq Li #
|
|
prompt, you
|
|
are ready to configure your system. The configuration utility
|
|
expects that you have installed the
|
|
.Sy base
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy etc
|
|
distribution sets. If you have not, you will not be able to
|
|
run it successfully (nor will you have a functional system, in
|
|
any case). To configure your newly-installed
|
|
.Nx
|
|
system,
|
|
run the command
|
|
.Ic Configure .
|
|
It will ask you for the system's
|
|
host name, domain name, and other network configuration
|
|
information. It will set up your configuration files and make
|
|
the device nodes for the newly-installed system.
|