644 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
644 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.11 2002/01/02 21:12:19 he Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999, 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.
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Installing
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.Nx
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is a relatively complex process, but if you have
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this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
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.Pp
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There are several ways to install
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.Nx
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onto a disk. The easiest way
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in terms of preliminary setup is to use the
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.Nx
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miniroot that can
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be booted off your local disk's swap partition. Alternatively, if your
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UltraSPARC is hooked up in a network you can find a server and arrange
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for a diskless setup which is a convenient way to install on a machine
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whose disk does not currently hold a usable operating system (see the
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section `Installing
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.Nx
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by using a diskless setup' below). If you have problems with these, it
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is possible to install NetBSD from Solaris (see the section `Installing
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.Nx
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using Solaris' below).
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.
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.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using the NetBSD miniroot
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.
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The miniroot is a self-contained
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.Nx
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file system holding all utilities
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necessary to install
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.Nx
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on a local disk. It is distributed as a plain
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file designed to be transferred to a raw disk partition from which it can
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be booted using the appropriate OpenBoot PROM command. Usually, the miniroot
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will be loaded into the swap partition of a disk. If needed, you can use any
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other unused partition, but remember that the partition will then not
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available during the installation process.
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.Pp
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Loading the miniroot onto your raw partition is simple. On
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.Nx
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as well as
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.Tn Solaris
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you use a command like:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1 bs=4k conv=sync"
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.Pp
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(Here,
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.Li /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1
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is assumed to be your swap partition.) There's a
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potential problem here if
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.Pa /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1
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is actually in use as a swap
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partition by your currently running system. If you don't have another
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disk or partition to spare, you can usually get away with running this
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command anyway after first booting into single-user mode to ensure a
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quiet system.
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.Pp
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After transferring the miniroot to disk, bring the system down by:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic halt
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.Pp
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Then boot the miniroot by typing the appropriate command at the OpenBoot PROM:
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.Pp
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.Dl ok Ic "boot disk:b netbsd -s"
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.Pp
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If you've loaded the miniroot onto some other disk than
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.Li sd0
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adapt
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the boot specifier accordingly, e.g.:
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.Pp
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.Dl ok Ic "boot disk1:b netbsd -s"
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.Pp
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The monitor boot command will cause the
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.Nx
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kernel contained in the
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miniroot image to be booted. After the initial probe messages you'll be
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asked to start the install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section
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.Sx Running the installation scripts
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below.
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.
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.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a diskless setup
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.
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First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. If
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you are using a
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.Nx
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system as the boot-server, have a look at the
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.Xr diskless 8
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manual page for guidelines on how to proceed with this.
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If the server runs another operating system, you'll have to consult
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documentation that came with it. (On
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.Tn SunOS
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systems,
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.Xr add_client 8
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is a good start.)
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.Pp
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Your UltraSPARC expects to be able to download a second stage bootstrap
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program via TFTP after having acquired its IP address through RevARP when
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instructed to boot
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.Sq "over the net" .
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It will look for a filename composed of the machine's IP address in
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hexadecimal. For example, a machine which has been assigned IP address
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130.115.144.11, will make an TFTP request for
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.Pa 8273900B .
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Normally, this file is a symbolic link to an appropriate second-stage
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boot program, which should be located in a place where the TFTP daemon
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can find it (remember, many TFTP daemons run in a chroot'ed environment).
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You can find the boot program in
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.Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot.net
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in the
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.Nx*M
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distribution.
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.(Note
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The
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.Pa /usr/mdec/ofwboot
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does not know about netbooting.
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.Note)
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.Pp
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After the boot program has been loaded into memory and given control by
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the OpenBoot PROM, it starts locating the machine's remote root directory
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through the BOOTPARAM protocol. First a BOOTPARAM WHOAMI request is broadcast
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on the local net. The answer to this request (if it comes in) contains
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the client's name. This name is used in next step, a BOOTPARAM GETFILE
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request - sent to the server that responded to the WHOAMI request -
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requesting the name and address of the machine that will serve the client's
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root directory, as well as the path of the client's root on that server.
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.Pp
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Finally, this information (if it comes in) is used to issue a REMOTE MOUNT
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request to the client's root file system server, asking for an NFS file
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handle corresponding to the root file system. If successful, the boot
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program starts reading from the remote root file system in search of the
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kernel which is then read into memory.
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.Pp
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As noted above in the section
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.Sx Preparing your System for Nx Installation
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you have several options when choosing a location to store the installation
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filesets. However, the easiest way is to put the
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.Pa *.tgz
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files you want
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to install into the root directory for your client on the server.
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.Pp
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From here there are two methods of netboot install. The first is much
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simpler and is intended for clients with local disk that will be used for
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installation. The second is intended for clients that will use a network
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boot normally.
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.Pp
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If you are going to be installing onto local disk, unpack the
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.Pa instfs.tgz
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file, located in the
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.Pa installation/misc
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directory, and the
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.Pa netbsd.INSTALL.gz
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kernel, located in the
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.Pa binary/kernel
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directory, into the root directory for your machine. The
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.Pa instfs.tgz
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file contains the basic installer filesystem that is part of the normal
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miniroot, but without a kernel. Now you need to boot your workstation
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from the server by entering the following command at the monitor prompt:
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.Pp
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.Dl "ok boot net netbsd -s"
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.Pp
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And then follow the install instructions.
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.Pp
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If you are going to be installing to NFS, be sure to read the section
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about preparing your system for installation. If you have access to
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another
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.Nx
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machine, the
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.Xr diskless 8
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manual page contains information about diskless booting.
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Unpack the
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.Pa base.tgz
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and
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.Pa etc.tgz
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sets on the server in the root
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directory for your machine. If you elect to use a separately NFS-mounted
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file system for
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.Pa /usr
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with your diskless setup, make sure the
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.Pa ./usr
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base
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files in
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.Pa base.tgz
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end up in the correct location. One way to do this is
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to temporarily use a loopback mount on the server, re-routing
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.Ar root Ns Pa /usr
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to your server's exported
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.Nx
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.Pa /usr
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directory.
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.Pp
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A few configuration files need to be edited:
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.(tag indent
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.It Ar root Ns Pa /etc/hosts
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Add the IP addresses of both server and client.
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.It Ar root Ns Pa /etc/myname
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This files contains the client's hostname; use the same
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name as in \*<root\*>/etc/hosts.
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.It Ar root Ns Pa /etc/fstab
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Enter the entries for the remotely mounted file systems.
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For example:
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.Pp
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.Dl server:/export/root/client / nfs rw 0 0
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.Dl server:/export/exec/sun4u.netbsd /usr nfs rw 0 0
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.tag)
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.Pp
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Now you must populate the
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.Pa /dev
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directory for your client. If your server
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runs
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.Tn SunOS
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4.x, you can simply change your working directory to
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.Ar root Ns Pa /dev
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and run the MAKEDEV script:
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.Ic sh MAKEDEV all .
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.Pp
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On
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.Tn Solaris
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systems,
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.Ic MAKEDEV
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can also be used, but there'll be error
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messages about unknown user and groups. These errors are inconsequential
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for the purpose of installing
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.Nx .
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However, you may want to correct them
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if you plan to use the diskless setup regularly. In that case, you may re-run
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.Ic MAKEDEV
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on your
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.Nx
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machine once it has booted.
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.Pp
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Boot your workstation from the server by entering the following
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command at the monitor prompt:
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.Pp
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.Dl "ok boot net netbsd -s"
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.Pp
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This will boot the
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.Nx
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kernel in single-user mode.
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.Pp
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If you use a diskless setup with a separately NFS-mounted
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.Pa /usr
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file system,
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mount
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.Pa /usr
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by hand now:
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.Pp
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.Dl netbsd# Ic "mount /usr"
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.Pp
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.(Note
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For miniroot installs, the text editor is vi.
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.Note)
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.Pp
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When using
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.Xr disklabel 8
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to edit disklabels the -e switch will invoke the editor on the
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label. The -i switch will run an interactive session.
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.Pp
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At this point, it's worth checking the disk label and partition sizes on
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the disk you want to install
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.Nx
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onto.
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.Nx
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understands
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.Tn SunOS Ns No -style
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disklabels, so if your disk was previously used by
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.Tn SunOS
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there will be
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a usable label on it. Use
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.Ic "disklabel -e \*<disk\*>"
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or
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.Ic "disklabel -i \*<disk\*>"
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(where
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.Em \*<disk\*>
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is the device name assigned by the
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.Nx
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kernel, e.g.
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.Li sd0 )
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to view and
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modify the partition sizes. See the section
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.Sx Preparing your System for Nx Installation
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above for suggestions about disk partition sizes.
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.Pp
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If you are installing on a SCSI disk that does
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.Em not
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have a
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.Tn SunOS
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or
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.Nx
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label on it, you may still be able to use
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.Xr disklabel 8
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but you'll have to create all partitions from scratch.
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If your disk is listed in
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.Pa /etc/disktab ,
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you may use the entry (which in most cases only defines a
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.Sq Li c
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partition to describe the whole disk) to put an initial label on
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the disk. Then proceed with
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.Ic "disklabel -e \*<disk\*>"
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.Ic "disklabel -i \*<disk\*>"
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to create a partition layout that suits your needs.
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.(Note
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Because of the built-in compatibility with
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.Tn SunOS Ns No -style
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labels,
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.Em "Always make sure all your partitions start and end on cylinder boundaries."
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.Note)
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.Pp
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Here follows an example of what you'll see while in the disklabel editor.
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Do not touch any of the parameters except for the
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.Sq Li label:
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entry and
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the actual partition size information at the bottom (the lines starting
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with
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.Sq Li a: ,
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.Sq Li b: ,
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...).
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.Pp
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The size and offset fields are given in sector units. Be sure to make
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these numbers multiples of the of the number of sectors per cylinder:
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the kernel might be picky about these things, but aside from this you'll
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have the least chance of wasting disk space.
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Partitions on which you intend to have a mountable file system, should
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be given fstype
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.Li 4.2BSD .
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Remember, the
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.Sq Li c
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partition should describe
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The whole disk and typically does not require editing.
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The
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.Sq Li "(Cyl. x - y)"
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info that appears after the hash
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.Sq Li #
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character is
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treated as a comment and need not be filled in when altering partitions.
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.(Note
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The line containing
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.Sq Li "8 partitions:"
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is best left alone,
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even if you define less than eight partitions. If this line displays
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a different number and the program complains about it (after you leave
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the editor), then try setting it to
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.Sq Li "8 partitions:" .
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.Note)
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.
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.Ss2 Sample disklabel screen
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.(disp
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netbsd# disklabel sd2
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# /dev/rsd2c:
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type: SCSI
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disk: SCSI disk
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label: Hold Your Breath
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flags:
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bytes/sector: 512
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sectors/track: 64
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tracks/cylinder: 7
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sectors/cylinder: 448
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cylinders: 1429
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rpm: 3600
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interleave: 1
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trackskew: 0
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cylinderskew: 0
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headswitch: 0 # milliseconds
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track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds
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drivedata: 0
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8 partitions:
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# size offset fstype [fsz bsz cpg]
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a: 50176 0 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 111)
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b: 64512 50176 swap # (Cyl. 112 - 255)
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c: 640192 0 unknown # (Cyl. 0 - 1428)
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d: 525504 114688 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 256 - 1428)
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.disp)
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.Pp
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To begin installation or the upgrade procedure, run sysinst:
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.Pp
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.Dl netbsd# Ic sysinst
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.
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.Ss2 Running sysinst
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.
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The sysinst program will do most of the work of transferring the
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system from the distribution sets onto your disk. You will frequently be
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asked for confirmation before sysinst proceeds with each phase of the
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installation process.
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.Pp
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Occasionally, you will have to provide a piece of information such as the
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name of the disk you want to install on or IP addresses and domain names
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you want to assign. If your system has more than one disk, you may want
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to look at the output of the
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.Xr dmesg 8
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command to see how your disks
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have been identified by the kernel.
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.Pp
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The installation script goes through the following phases:
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.(bullet
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determination of the disk to install
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.Nx
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on
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.It
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checking of the partition information on the disk
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.It
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setting of the local timezone
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.It
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creating and mounting the
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.Nx
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file systems
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.It
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setup of IP configuration
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.It
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extraction of the distribution tar files
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.It
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installation of boot programs
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.bullet)
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.
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.Ss2 Installing NetBSD using Solaris
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.
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These instructions were kindly contributed by
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Murray Stokely \*<murray@osd.bsdi.com\*>
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.Pp
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.Ss2 Preparing the disk
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The first step is to format and label the disk that you would like to
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use with
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.Nx .
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This can be accomplished with the format command in Solaris. The format
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command should allow you to create disk slices and
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write a disklabel. You will probably at least want to create a root
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partition and a swap partition, plus potentially a /usr or /var partitions,
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but of course you can layout the disk however you see fit.
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.Pp
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.Dl "partition\*> pr"
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.Dl " Current partition table (original):"
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.Dl " Total disk cylinders available: 8186 + 2 (reserved cylinders)"
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.Dl " "
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.Dl " Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks"
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.Dl " 0 root wm 0 - 1923 1.00GB (1924/0/0) 2097160"
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.Dl " 1 swap wu 1924 - 2863 500.29MB (940/0/0) 1024600"
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.Dl " 2 backup wu 0 - 8185 4.25GB (8186/0/0) 8922740"
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.Dl " 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0"
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.Dl " 4 usr wm 2864 - 8184 2.77GB (5321/0/0) 5799890"
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.Dl " 5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0"
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.Dl " 6 backup wm 0 - 8185 4.25GB (8186/0/0) 8922740"
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.Dl " 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0"
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.Pp
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|
After your disk has been labeled you need to create filesystems on
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your slices. The Solaris newfs command will create ffs filesystems
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that can be used by
|
|
.Nx .
|
|
You should create filesystems for all of
|
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your slices except for root with a command similar to below, given we have
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root on c1t2d0s0 and /usr on c1t2d0s4.
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|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "newfs /dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0"
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.Dl # Ic "newfs /dev/dsk/c1t2d0s4"
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|
.Pp
|
|
.Ss2 Installing NetBSD Software
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|
You should now mount your
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.Nx
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|
root and
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|
.Pa /usr partitions under
|
|
Solaris so that you can populate the filesystems with
|
|
.Nx NetBSD
|
|
binaries.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mount /dev/dsk/c1t2d0s0 /mnt"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mkdir /mnt/usr"
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.Dl # Ic "mount /dev/dsk/c1t2d0s4 /mnt/usr"
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|
.Pp
|
|
First, you should uncompress all of the binary distribution sets for
|
|
sparc64 into a temporary directory and then extract them into the
|
|
filesystems you just mounted.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cd ~/netbsd/binary/sets"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "gunzip *.tar.gz"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mkdir ~/netbsd/temp"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cd ~/netbsd/temp"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "echo ~/netbsd/binary/sets/*.tar | (cd /mnt; xargs -n1 pax -rpe)"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now you should copy the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
kernel and second stage bootloader into
|
|
your new
|
|
.Nx
|
|
root partition and install the bootblocks using
|
|
Solaris's installboot command.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cp ~/netbsd/binary/kernel/netbsd.GENERIC /mnt"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cp /mnt/netbsd.GENERIC /mnt/netbsd"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cp ~/netbsd/installation/misc/ofwboot /mnt"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "installboot ~/netbsd/installation/misc/bootblk /dev/c1t2d0s0"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ss2 Creating NetBSD Device Nodes under Solaris
|
|
Now you will need to create a minimum set of device nodes so that
|
|
.Nx
|
|
can boot correctly. You should create all of the devices listed
|
|
in the 'std' section of
|
|
.Nx 's
|
|
.Pa /dev/MAKEDEV .
|
|
You can use the Solaris
|
|
version of mknod to create device nodes but you must be careful to use
|
|
numeric group id's since the groups are numbered differently between
|
|
the two systems.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod console c 0 0"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod tty c 2 0 ; chmod 666 tty"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod kmem c 3 1 ; chmod 640 kmem ; chgrp 2 kmem"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod mem c 3 0 ; chmod 640 mem ; chgrp 2 mem"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod null c 3 2 ; chmod 666 null"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod zero c 3 12 ; chmod 666 zero"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod eeprom c 3 11 ; chmod 640 eeprom ; chgrp 2 eeprom"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod openprom c 70 0 ; chmod 640 openprom;chgrp 2 openprom"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod drum c 7 0 ; chmod 640 drum ; chgrp 2 drum"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod klog c 16 0 ; chmod 600 klog"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod stdin c 24 0 ; chmod 666 stdin"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod stdout c 24 1 ; chmod 666 stdout"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod stderr c 24 2 ; chmod 666 stderr"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod fb c 22 0 ; chmod 666 fb"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod mouse c 13 0 ; chmod 666 mouse"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod kbd c 29 0 ; chmod 666 kbd"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You also must create device nodes for the disk devices that you are installing
|
|
.Nx
|
|
onto, again you can use
|
|
.Nx 's
|
|
.Pa /dev/MAKEDEV
|
|
as a reference.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd0a b 7 0"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd0b b 7 1"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd0c b 7 2"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd0d b 7 3"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd0e b 7 4"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd0f b 7 5"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd0g b 7 6"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd0h b 7 7"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd1a b 7 8"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd1b b 7 9"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd1c b 7 10"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd1d b 7 11"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd1e b 7 12"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd1f b 7 13"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd1g b 7 14"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod sd1h b 7 15"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd0a c 17 0"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd0b c 17 1"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd0c c 17 2"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd0d c 17 3"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd0e c 17 4"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd0f c 17 5"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd0g c 17 6"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd0h c 17 7"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd1a c 17 8"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd1b c 17 9"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd1c c 17 10"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd1d c 17 11"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd1e c 17 12"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd1f c 17 13"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd1g c 17 14"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mknod rsd1h c 17 15"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "chgrp 5 *sd[0-1][a-h]"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "chmod 640 *sd[0-1][a-h]"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For IDE disks, use 12 instead of 7 and 26 instead of 17, for
|
|
.Pa wd0a
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa rwd0a ,
|
|
etc.
|
|
.Ss2 Configuring the NetBSD system (still under Solaris)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You will now need to configure some of the files in
|
|
.Pa /mnt/etc
|
|
to allow the system to work properly. In particular, you will need to modify
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.conf
|
|
or else you will only get to single user mode. Read through the examples in
|
|
.Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf
|
|
and override any settings in
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.conf .
|
|
You will also need to create a
|
|
.Pa /etc/fstab
|
|
file to tell the system which slice to mount as
|
|
.Pa /usr ,
|
|
etc. You should follow the examples in
|
|
.Pa /etc/fstab.wd
|
|
or
|
|
.Pa /etc/fstab.sd
|
|
depending on whether you are using IDE or SCSI disks. You may also want
|
|
to setup your
|
|
.Pa /etc/resolv.conf
|
|
file for name services and your
|
|
.Pa /etc/hosts file
|
|
if you are confident that you will get networking setup on your first try.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss Booting NetBSD for the first time
|
|
.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now it is time to boot
|
|
.Nx
|
|
for the first time. Initially we'd suggest you
|
|
.Ic "boot netbsd -bs" ,
|
|
then try multiuser after that. If you boot single-user the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
incantation to make the root file system
|
|
.Pq Pa /
|
|
writable is
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl netbsd# Ic "mount -u /dev/sd0a /"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Em Congratulations ,
|
|
you have successfully installed
|
|
.Nx
|
|
\*V.
|