583 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
583 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.45 2002/01/03 07:56:42 pk Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999, 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.
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Installing
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.Nx
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is a relatively complex process, but if you have
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this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
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.Pp
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There are several ways to install
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.Nx
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onto your system. The easiest way is to use the
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.Pa miniroot.fs
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image copied to your local disk's swap partition or a scratch drive.
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If your Sparc is hooked up in a network, you may configure another
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.Ul
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machine as a netboot server for your Sparc. Alternatively, there is a pair
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of floppy images that will boot your system and run the installer.
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.Pp
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For more information on the commands and variables available in
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the OpenBoot PROM (present in all sun4c and sun4m machines), go to
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.Lk http://docs.sun.com
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and search for
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.Dq openboot reference
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(without quotes).
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.
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.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by placing a bootable filesystem on a partitioned hard drive
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.
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.Pa installation/miniroot/miniroot.fs.gz
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is a compressed, self-contained
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.Nx
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filesystem holding all utilities necessary to install
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.Nx
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onto a disk attached to your system. It is distributed as a compressed plain
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file you will transfer to a raw disk partition. You will then boot
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this installer using the appropriate PROM command. The simplest case is
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where you place the
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.Pa miniroot.fs
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filesystem on the swap partition of your disk. Alternatively, you can place
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it on any other unused partition on any disk (such as a Zip disk). Be
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forewarned that you will not be able to install
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.Nx
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onto the partition that contains the
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.Pa miniroot.fs
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as this partition is needed during the install process.
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.Pp
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Loading the filesystem onto a raw partition is straightforward.
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First, download
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.Pa miniroot.fs
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to your system. Next, reboot in single-user mode (i.e.
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.Ic "boot -s" )
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to ensure that your system will not be swapping.
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Finally, place the
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.Pa miniroot.fs
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on your partition of choice. On
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.Nx
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or SunOS the commands are:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "gunzip miniroot.fs.gz"
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.Dl # Ic "dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b bs=4k conv=sync"
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.Pp
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Here,
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.Li /dev/rsd0b
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is assumed to be your swap partition. If you decide to
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place
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.Pa miniroot.fs
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on a non-swap partition, it will overwrite all of the contents of that
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partition, but you will not need to reboot into single-user mode to write it.
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.Pp
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After transferring the filesystem to disk, bring the system down by:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic halt
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.Pp
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Then boot the installer by typing the appropriate
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command at the PROM prompt (this example is for the swap partition):
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.Pp
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.(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2 -offset indent -compact
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.It sunmon
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.Li \*> Ic "b sd(,,1)netbsd -s"
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.It OpenBoot PROM 1
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.Li ok Ic "boot sd(,,1)netbsd -s"
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.It OpenBoot PROM 2
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.Li ok Ic "boot disk:b netbsd -s"
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.tag)
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.Pp
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The monitor boot command will load the
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.Nx
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kernel contained in the
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filesystem image. After the initial probe messages you'll be
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asked to start the install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section
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.Sx Running the installation scripts.
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below.
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.
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.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a bootable CD-ROM
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.
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If you wish to burn a CD-R containing a bootable NetBSD installation,
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then you can either burn the prepared disk image in
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.Pa installation/cdrom/netbsd-sparc.iso
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or create your own.
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If you wish to create your own, you should follow the directions on the
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.Nx
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Bootable CD-ROM HOW-TO at:
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.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/bootcd.html#sparcimage
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.Pp
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Once you have downloaded
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.Pa netbsd-sparc.iso
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or created your own disk image, then you need to burn it to a CD-R.
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.Pp
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The CD-ROM attached to your Sparc must support 512 byte sectors to be
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bootable.
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All Sun brand CD-ROMs will work, as well as many other manufacturers. See
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the Sun CD-ROM FAQ:
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.Lk http://saturn.tlug.org/suncdfaq/
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.Pp
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Sun sets their CD-ROM drives to SCSI ID 6. We recommend you do the same.
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.Pp
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Boot the installer by typing the appropriate command at the PROM prompt:
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.Pp
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.(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2 -offset indent -compact
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.It sunmon
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.Li \*> Ic b "sd(,30,)"
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.It OpenBoot PROM 1
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.Li ok Ic "boot sd(,30,)"
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.It OpenBoot PROM 2
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.Li ok Ic "boot cdrom"
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.tag)
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.Pp
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After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the
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install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section
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.Sx Running the installation scripts.
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below.
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.
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.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using the bootable floppies
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.
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The
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.Nx
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install floppies only work on the sun4c and sun4m machines.
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Making the install floppies is fairly straightforward.
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.Pp
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.Nx
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and SunOS use the same commands. First, get two 1.44 MB
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floppy disks and format them either using the
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.Xr fdformat 8
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command or a PC.
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "fdformat"
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.Pp
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Be sure that the `fdformat' command completes successfully before proceeding;
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on
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.Nx
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success is a string of all
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.Sq Li V 's ,
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and on
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.Tn SunOS
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success is a string of
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.Sq Li \&. 's .
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.Pp
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Next, transfer the two floppy images
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.Pq Pa installation/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa installation/floppy/disk2
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to the disks you just formatted.
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You can do this step from
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.Nx ,
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.Tn SunOS ,
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or a
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.Tn Windows
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machine using
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.Nm rawrite.exe
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(available in the NetBSD/i386 distribution).
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Insert the first floppy and run the following commands:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "gunzip disk1.gz"
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.Dl # Ic "dd if=disk1 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k"
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.Dl # Ic "eject floppy"
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.Pp
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Insert the second floppy and run the following commands:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "dd if=disk2 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k conv=sync"
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.Dl # Ic "eject floppy"
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.Pp
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Note that disk2 may be a symlink to .tgz file; do not uncompress it,
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just follow the instructions above, verbatim.
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After writing the two floppies,
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be sure to label them so you can later identify them.
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.Pp
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Insert the floppy made from
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.Pa disk1
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into your Sparc.
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From the OpenBoot prompt, boot the floppy with the following command:
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.Pp
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.(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2\ (alternate) -offset indent -compact
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.It OpenBoot PROM 1
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.Li ok Ic "boot fd(,,1)"
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.It OpenBoot PROM 1 (alternate)
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.Li ok Ic "boot /fd"
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.It OpenBoot PROM 2
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.Li ok Ic "boot floppy"
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.tag)
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.Pp
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After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to insert the floppy
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labeled
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.Dq NetBSD disk2 .
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If the floppy is not automatically ejected, you can either use a
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straightened paperclip to eject the disk or do the following:
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.Pp
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Press the
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.Key STOP
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key (sometimes called the
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.Key L1
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key, found on the left side of your keyboard) and the
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.Key a
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key, which will halt your system and give you a PROM prompt.
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.Dl ok Ic "eject"
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.Dl ok Ic "go"
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.Pp
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Now, insert the floppy labeled
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.Li disk2 .
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After the installation tools have been loaded,
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you'll be asked to start the install or upgrade procedure.
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Proceed to the section
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.Sx Running the installation scripts.
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below.
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.
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.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a netboot setup
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.
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First, you must setup a netboot server to provide the services and files
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your client needs. If you are using a
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.Nx
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system as the netboot server, have a look at the
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.Xr diskless 8
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manual page for a more detailed guide on how to proceed with this.
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If the server runs another operating system, you should consult the
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.Nx
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Diskless HOW-TO, which will walk you through the steps necessary to
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configure a netboot server on a variety of platforms.
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.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/network/netboot/
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.Pp
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This section will briefly describe what happens during a Sparc
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netboot, and the next section will give a brief set of directions on how
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to set up your server. Your Sparc initially broadcasts a RARP request, and
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expects a server to reply with your client's IP address.
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Next, it downloads a second stage bootstrap program via TFTP from the server
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that responded to the RARP request. It will look for a filename composed of
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the machine's IP address followed by the machine's architecture, separated
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by a period. For example, a sun4c machine which has been assigned IP
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address 130.115.144.11, will make an TFTP request for
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.Pa 8273900B.SUN4C .
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This file is a symbolic link to the second-stage
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boot program, which should be located in a place where the TFTP daemon
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can find it (remember, many TFTP daemons run in a chroot'ed environment).
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.Pp
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The boot program to use is
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.Pa installation/netboot/boot.net
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Alternatively, you can find the bootstrap program in
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.Pa /usr/mdec/boot.net
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in the
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.Nx*M
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distribution.
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.(Note
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The only difference between
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.Pa /usr/mdec/boot.net
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and
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.Pa /usr/mdec/boot
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is in the a.out header, which has been magically transformed in a way that
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makes it usable on all versions of Sparc PROMs.
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.Note)
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.Pp
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After the boot program has been loaded into memory and given control by
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the PROM, it starts locating the machine's remote root directory through
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the BOOTPARAM protocol. First a BOOTPARAM WHOAMI request is broadcast
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on the local net. The answer to this request should contain
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the client's name. This name is used in next step, a BOOTPARAM GETFILE
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request - sent to the server that responded to the WHOAMI request -
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requesting the name and address of the machine that will serve the client's
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root directory, as well as the path of the client's root on that server.
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.Pp
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Finally, this information is used to issue a REMOTE MOUNT
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request to the client's root filesystem server, asking for an NFS file
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handle corresponding to the root filesystem. Once the NFS mount is complete,
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the boot program starts reading from the remote root filesystem in search of
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the kernel which is then read into memory.
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.Pp
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.
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.Ss2 Configuring your netboot server
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.
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Follow this section to configure a
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.Nx
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machine as your netboot server. We will use
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.Sq Li CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC
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as the MAC address (ethernet hardware address) of your netboot client
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machine that you wish to install
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.Nx
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on. We use
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.Sq Li 192.168.1.10
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as the IP address of your client, and
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.Sq Li client.test.net
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as the name. The server name is
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.Sq Li server.test.net ,
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and the path on the server to the NFS exported directory is
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.Pa /export/client/root
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although you may choose to use a different path. Create an
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.Pa /etc/ethers
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file with the following line:
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.Pp
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.Dl "CC:CC:CC:CC:CC:CC client"
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.Pp
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Add your client to the server's
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.Pa /etc/hosts
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file:
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.Pp
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.Dl "192.168.1.10 client"
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.Pp
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If
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.Ic rarpd
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is currently running, restart it (kill -HUP), otherwise start
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.Ic rarpd :
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "/usr/sbin/rarpd -a"
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.Pp
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Next, create
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.Pa /etc/bootparams
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with the following line:
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.Pp
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.Dl "client root=server:/export/client/root"
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.Pp
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If
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.Ic rpc.bootparamd
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is currently running, restart it
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.Pq Ic "kill -HUP" ,
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otherwise start
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.Ic rpc.bootparamd :
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "/usr/sbin/rpc.bootparamd"
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.Pp
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Now, make sure the bootloader in
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.Pa /tftpboot
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is linked to, or a copy of,
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.Pa boot.net
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and is named appropriately for your client
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(in this case, it would be
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.Pa C0A8010A.SUN4C ) ,
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E.g.:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "cp boot.net /tftpboot"
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.Dl # Ic "cd /tftpboot"
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.Dl # Ic "ln -s boot.net C0A8010A.SUN4C"
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.Pp
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Now, you should edit
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.Pa /etc/inetd.conf
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and make sure that the line starting with
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.Li tftp
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is uncommented. You will need to
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.Ic kill -HUP
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the
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.Ic inetd
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process to enable tftp if this line was previously commented out.
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The next step is to set up NFS exports. Create the directory you are
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exporting for the netboot client:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "mkdir -p /export/client/root"
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.Pp
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Put the following line in
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.Pa /etc/exports
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to enable NFS sharing:
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.Pp
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.Dl "/export/client/root -maproot=root client.test.net"
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.Pp
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If your server is currently running NFS services, you only need to
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.Ic "kill -HUP"
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the
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.Ic mountd
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process. Otherwise, you need to run:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "/usr/sbin/mountd"
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.Dl # Ic "/usr/sbin/nfsd -tun 4"
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.Pp
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Now, you need to place the files your netboot client will need.
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As noted above in the section
|
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.Sx Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation
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you have several options when choosing a location to store the
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distribution filesets.
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However, the easiest way is to put the distribution
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files into the exported directory for your client on the server.
|
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "mv *.tgz /export/client/root"
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.Pp
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Your client will need a kernel to boot (use
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.Pa binary/kernel/netbsd.GENERIC.gz ) .
|
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "gunzip netbsd.GENERIC.gz"
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.Dl # Ic "mv netbsd.GENERIC /export/client/root/netbsd"
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.Pp
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|
Your client will need installation tools (use
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.Pa installation/netboot/rootfs.tgz ) .
|
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "gunzip \*< rootfs.tgz | (cd /export/client/root && tar -xpf -)"
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.Pp
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Now, netboot your Sparc from the server by entering the appropriate
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.Ic boot command at the monitor prompt.
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|
Depending on the PROM version in your machine, this command takes one
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of the following forms:
|
|
.(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2 -offset indent -compact
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|
.It sunmon
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.Li \*> Ic "b le()netbsd"
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.It OpenBoot PROM 1
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|
.Li ok Ic "b le()netbsd"
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.It OpenBoot PROM 2
|
|
.Li ok Ic "boot net netbsd"
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|
.tag)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the
|
|
install or upgrade procedure. Proceed to the section
|
|
.Sx Running the installation scripts.
|
|
below.
|
|
.
|
|
.Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a bootable tape
|
|
.
|
|
Sun sets their tape drives to SCSI ID 4. We recommend you do the same.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Get the tape images
|
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.Pq Pa installation/tape/tapefile1.gz No and Pa installation/tape/tapefile2
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and transfer them to a tape. Make sure you use the
|
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.Sq no rewind scsi tape
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|
device. Run the following commands:
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|
.Pp
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|
.Dl # Ic "gunzip tapefile1.gz"
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.Dl # Ic "mt -f /dev/nrst0 rew"
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.Dl # Ic "dd if=tapefile1 of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k"
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.Dl # Ic "dd if=tapefile2 of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k"
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|
.Pp
|
|
Now you can transfer the
|
|
.Nx \*V.
|
|
distribution sets from
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|
.Pq Pa binary/sets
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|
to the tape by using a series of additional
|
|
.Dl # Ic "dd if=\*<aset\*>.tgz of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k"
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|
commands. See also the section
|
|
.Sx Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media.
|
|
Be sure to mark the location of these files on the tape; you'll need them
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|
during the installation procedure.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Insert the tape into your Sparc's tapestation.
|
|
Boot the installer by typing the appropriate command at the PROM prompt:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2\ (alternate) -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It sunmon
|
|
.Li \*> Ic "b st()"
|
|
.It OpenBoot PROM 1
|
|
.Li ok Ic "boot st()"
|
|
.It OpenBoot PROM 2
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.Li ok Ic "boot tape"
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.tag)
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.Pp
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After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to confirm the tape
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device and tape file number containing the installation tools.
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Then, proceed to the section
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.Sx Running the installation scripts.
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below.
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.
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.Ss2 Running the installation scripts
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.
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The first thing that the installation scripts will inquire about is the
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type of console you're using on your machine. If you're using a Sun
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frame buffer display, choose the terminal type
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.Ic sun
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.Pq this is presented as the default .
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.(Note
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if your frame buffer device is a cgsix Sbus board, you should
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change the terminal type to
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.Ic sun-cgsix
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|
to avoid triggering a bug in the board's firmware code that can garble
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|
your screen.
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.Note)
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.Pp
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If you're using a terminal device connected to a serial port, choose a
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terminal type appropriate for that device, e.g.
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.Ic vt100
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or
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.Ic vt200 .
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.Pp
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|
Next, you will be presented with a choice of two installation methods:
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|
a new full-screen
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.Ic sysinst
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program, or the traditional script-based
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.Ic miniroot
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|
program. The
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|
.Ic sysinst
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|
program is easier to use, but the
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|
.Ic miniroot
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|
program is more flexible. Both of these installation methods will follow the
|
|
same set of procedures and will fully install
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|
.Nx
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|
on your Sparc.
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.Pp
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|
You will frequently be asked for confirmation before the system proceeds
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|
with each phase of the installation process.
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.Pp
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|
Occasionally, you will have to provide a piece of information such as the
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|
name of the disk you want to install on, partitioning information,
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|
or IP addresses and domain names you want to assign. If your system has
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more than one disk, you may want to look at the output of the
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|
.Xr dmesg 8
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|
command to see how your disks have been identified by the kernel.
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|
.(Note
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|
If you repartition a hard drive, be certain that every partition starts
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|
on a cylinder boundary for compatibility with the Sparc ROM.
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|
.Note)
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.Pp
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|
The installation script goes through the following phases:
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|
.(bullet -compact
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|
determination of the disk on which to install
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|
.Nx
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|
.It
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|
checking/creation of the partition information on the disk
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|
.It
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|
creating and mounting the
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|
.Nx
|
|
filesystems
|
|
.It
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|
setup of network configuration
|
|
.It
|
|
extraction of the distribution tar files
|
|
.It
|
|
installation of bootstrap programs
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|
.bullet)
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|
.Pp
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|
Now try a reboot. Initially we'd suggest you
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|
.Ic "boot sd()netbsd -bs" ,
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|
then try multiuser after that. If you boot single-user the
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|
.Nx
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|
incantation to make the root filesystem writable is
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|
.Pp
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|
.Dl # Ic "mount -u /dev/sd0a /"
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|
.Pp
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|
Your PROM might have been setup to instruct the boot program to load
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|
a file called
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|
.Pa vmunix .
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|
On OpenBoot PROM systems you can change it to load
|
|
.Pa netbsd
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|
instead using the following commands:
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|
.Pp
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|
.(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2 -offset indent -compact
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|
.It OpenBoot PROM 1
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|
.Li ok Ic setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
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|
.It OpenBoot PROM 2
|
|
.Li ok Ic setenv boot-file netbsd
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|
.br
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|
.Li ok Ic setenv boot-device disk:a
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|
.tag)
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|
.Pp
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|
.Em Congratulations ,
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|
you have successfully installed
|
|
.Nx \*V.
|