365 lines
13 KiB
Groff
365 lines
13 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: sendmail.1,v 1.1.1.7 2004/05/31 00:24:16 heas Exp $
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.\"
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.TH SENDMAIL 1
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.ad
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.fi
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.SH NAME
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sendmail
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\-
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Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.na
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.nf
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\fBsendmail\fR [\fIoption ...\fR] [\fIrecipient ...\fR]
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\fBmailq\fR
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\fBsendmail -bp\fR
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\fBnewaliases\fR
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\fBsendmail -I\fR
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.ad
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.fi
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The Postfix \fBsendmail\fR command implements the Postfix to Sendmail
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compatibility interface.
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For the sake of compatibility with existing applications, some
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Sendmail command-line options are recognized but silently ignored.
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By default, Postfix \fBsendmail\fR reads a message from standard input
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until EOF or until it reads a line with only a \fB.\fR character,
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and arranges for delivery. Postfix \fBsendmail\fR relies on the
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\fBpostdrop\fR(1) command to create a queue file in the \fBmaildrop\fR
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directory.
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Specific command aliases are provided for other common modes of
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operation:
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.IP \fBmailq\fR
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List the mail queue. Each entry shows the queue file ID, message
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size, arrival time, sender, and the recipients that still need to
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be delivered. If mail could not be delivered upon the last attempt,
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the reason for failure is shown. This mode of operation is implemented
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by executing the \fBpostqueue\fR(1) command.
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.IP \fBnewaliases\fR
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Initialize the alias database. If no input file is specified (with
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the \fB-oA\fR option, see below), the program processes the file(s)
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specified with the \fBalias_database\fR configuration parameter.
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If no alias database type is specified, the program uses the type
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specified with the \fBdefault_database_type\fR configuration parameter.
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This mode of operation is implemented by running the \fBpostalias\fR(1)
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command.
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.sp
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Note: it may take a minute or so before an alias database update
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becomes visible. Use the \fBpostfix reload\fR command to eliminate
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this delay.
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.PP
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These and other features can be selected by specifying the
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appropriate combination of command-line options. Some features are
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controlled by parameters in the \fBmain.cf\fR configuration file.
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The following options are recognized:
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.IP "\fB-Am\fR (ignored)"
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.IP "\fB-Ac\fR (ignored)"
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Postfix sendmail uses the same configuration file regardless of
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whether or not a message is an initial submission.
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.IP "\fB-B \fIbody_type\fR"
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The message body MIME type: \fB7BIT\fR or \fB8BITMIME\fR.
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.IP \fB-bd\fR
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Go into daemon mode. This mode of operation is implemented by
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executing the \fBpostfix start\fR command.
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.IP "\fB-bh\fR (ignored)"
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.IP "\fB-bH\fR (ignored)"
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Postfix has no persistent host status database.
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.IP \fB-bi\fR
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Initialize alias database. See the \fBnewaliases\fR
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command above.
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.IP \fB-bm\fR
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Read mail from standard input and arrange for delivery.
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This is the default mode of operation.
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.IP \fB-bp\fR
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List the mail queue. See the \fBmailq\fR command above.
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.IP \fB-bs\fR
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Stand-alone SMTP server mode. Read SMTP commands from
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standard input, and write responses to standard output.
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In stand-alone SMTP server mode, mail relaying and other
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access controls are disabled by default. To enable them,
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run the process as the \fBmail_owner\fR user.
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.sp
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This mode of operation is implemented by running the
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\fBsmtpd\fR(8) daemon.
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.IP \fB-bv\fR
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Do not collect or deliver a message. Instead, send an email
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report after verifying each recipient address. This is useful
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for testing address rewriting and routing configurations.
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.sp
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This feature is available in Postfix version 2.1 and later.
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.IP "\fB-C \fIconfig_file\fR (ignored)"
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The path name of the \fBsendmail.cf\fR file. Postfix configuration
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files are kept in the \fB/etc/postfix\fR directory.
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.IP "\fB-F \fIfull_name\fR
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Set the sender full name. This is used only with messages that
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have no \fBFrom:\fR message header.
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.IP "\fB-f \fIsender\fR"
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Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where
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delivery problems are sent to, unless the message contains an
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\fBErrors-To:\fR message header.
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.IP "\fB-G\fR (ignored)"
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Gateway (relay) submission, as opposed to initial user submission.
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.IP "\fB-h \fIhop_count\fR (ignored)"
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Hop count limit. Use the \fBhopcount_limit\fR configuration
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parameter instead.
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.IP \fB-I\fR
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Initialize alias database. See the \fBnewaliases\fR
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command above.
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.IP "\fB-i\fR"
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When reading a message from standard input, don\'t treat a line
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with only a \fB.\fR character as the end of input.
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.IP "\fB-L \fIlabel\fR (ignored)"
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The logging label. Use the \fBsyslog_name\fR configuration
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parameter instead.
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.IP "\fB-m\fR (ignored)"
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Backwards compatibility.
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.IP "\fB-N \fIdsn\fR (ignored)"
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Delivery status notification control. Currently, Postfix does
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not implement \fBDSN\fR.
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.IP "\fB-n\fR (ignored)"
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Backwards compatibility.
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.IP "\fB-oA\fIalias_database\fR"
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Non-default alias database. Specify \fIpathname\fR or
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\fItype\fR:\fIpathname\fR. See \fBpostalias\fR(1) for
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details.
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.IP "\fB-o7\fR (ignored)"
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.IP "\fB-o8\fR (ignored)"
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To send 8-bit or binary content, use an appropriate MIME encapsulation
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and specify the appropriate \fB-B\fR command-line option.
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.IP "\fB-oi\fR"
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When reading a message from standard input, don\'t treat a line
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with only a \fB.\fR character as the end of input.
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.IP "\fB-om\fR (ignored)"
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The sender is never eliminated from alias etc. expansions.
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.IP "\fB-o \fIx value\fR (ignored)"
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Set option \fIx\fR to \fIvalue\fR. Use the equivalent
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configuration parameter in \fBmain.cf\fR instead.
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.IP "\fB-r \fIsender\fR"
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Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where
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delivery problems are sent to, unless the message contains an
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\fBErrors-To:\fR message header.
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.IP "\fB-R \fIreturn_limit\fR (ignored)"
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Limit the size of bounced mail. Use the \fBbounce_size_limit\fR
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configuration parameter instead.
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.IP \fB-q\fR
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Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is implemented by
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executing the \fBpostqueue\fR(1) command.
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Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in
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poor delivery performance of all other mail.
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.IP "\fB-q\fIinterval\fR (ignored)"
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The interval between queue runs. Use the \fBqueue_run_delay\fR
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configuration parameter instead.
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.IP \fB-qR\fIsite\fR
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Schedule immediate delivery of all mail that is queued for the named
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\fIsite\fR. This option accepts only \fIsite\fR names that are
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eligible for the "fast flush" service, and is implemented by
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executing the \fBpostqueue\fR(1) command.
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See \fBflush\fR(8) for more information about the "fast flush"
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service.
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.IP \fB-qS\fIsite\fR
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This command is not implemented. Use the slower \fBsendmail -q\fR
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command instead.
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.IP \fB-t\fR
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Extract recipients from message headers. These are added to any
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recipients specified on the command line.
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With Postfix versions prior to 2.1, this option requires that
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no recipient addresses are specified on the command line.
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.IP "\fB-U\fR (ignored)"
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Initial user submission.
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.IP \fB-V\fR
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Variable Envelope Return Path. Given an envelope sender address
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of the form \fIowner-listname\fR@\fIorigin\fR, each recipient
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\fIuser\fR@\fIdomain\fR receives mail with a personalized envelope
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sender address.
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.sp
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By default, the personalized envelope sender address is
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\fIowner-listname\fB+\fIuser\fB=\fIdomain\fR@\fIorigin\fR. The default
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\fB+\fR and \fB=\fR characters are configurable with the
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\fBdefault_verp_delimiters\fR configuration parameter.
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.sp
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This feature is available in Postfix version 1.1 and later.
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.IP \fB-V\fIxy\fR
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As \fB-V\fR, but uses \fIx\fR and \fIy\fR as the VERP delimiter
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characters, instead of the characters specified with the
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\fBdefault_verp_delimiters\fR configuration parameter.
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.IP \fB-v\fR
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Send an email report of the first delivery attempt (Postfix
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versions 2.1 and later). Mail delivery
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always happens in the background. When multiple \fB-v\fR
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options are given, enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.
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.IP "\fB-X \fIlog_file\fR (ignored)"
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Log mailer traffic. Use the \fBdebug_peer_list\fR and
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\fBdebug_peer_level\fR configuration parameters instead.
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.SH "SECURITY"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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By design, this program is not set-user (or group) id. However,
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it must handle data from untrusted users or untrusted machines.
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Thus, the usual precautions need to be taken against malicious
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inputs.
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.SH DIAGNOSTICS
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.ad
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.fi
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Problems are logged to \fBsyslogd\fR(8) and to the standard error
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stream.
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.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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.IP \fBMAIL_CONFIG\fR
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Directory with Postfix configuration files.
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.IP \fBMAIL_VERBOSE\fR
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Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.
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.IP \fBMAIL_DEBUG\fR
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Enable debugging with an external command, as specified with the
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\fBdebugger_command\fR configuration parameter.
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.SH "CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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The following \fBmain.cf\fR parameters are especially relevant to
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this program.
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The text below provides only a parameter summary. See
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postconf(5) for more details including examples.
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.SH "TROUBLE SHOOTING CONTROLS"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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The DEBUG_README file gives examples of how to trouble shoot a
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Postfix system.
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.IP "\fBdebugger_command (empty)\fR"
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The external command to execute when a Postfix daemon program is
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invoked with the -D option.
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.IP "\fBdebug_peer_level (2)\fR"
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The increment in verbose logging level when a remote client or
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server matches a pattern in the debug_peer_list parameter.
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.IP "\fBdebug_peer_list (empty)\fR"
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Optional list of remote client or server hostname or network
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address patterns that cause the verbose logging level to increase
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by the amount specified in $debug_peer_level.
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.SH "RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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.IP "\fBbounce_size_limit (50000)\fR"
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The maximal amount of original message text that is sent in a
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non-delivery notification.
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.IP "\fBfork_attempts (5)\fR"
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The maximal number of attempts to fork() a child process.
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.IP "\fBfork_delay (1s)\fR"
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The delay between attempts to fork() a child process.
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.IP "\fBhopcount_limit (50)\fR"
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The maximal number of Received: message headers that is allowed
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in the primary message headers.
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.IP "\fBqueue_run_delay (1000s)\fR"
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The time between deferred queue scans by the queue manager.
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.SH "FAST FLUSH CONTROLS"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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The ETRN_README file describes configuration and operation
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details for the Postfix "fast flush" service.
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.IP "\fBfast_flush_domains ($relay_domains)\fR"
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Optional list of destinations that are eligible for per-destination
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logfiles with mail that is queued to those destinations.
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.SH "VERP CONTROLS"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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The VERP_README file describes configuration and operation
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details of Postfix support for variable envelope return
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path addresses.
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.IP "\fBdefault_verp_delimiters (+=)\fR"
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The two default VERP delimiter characters.
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.IP "\fBverp_delimiter_filter (-=+)\fR"
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The characters Postfix accepts as VERP delimiter characters on the
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Postfix sendmail(1) command line and in SMTP commands.
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.SH "MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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.IP "\fBalias_database (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The alias databases for local(8) delivery that are updated with
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"\fBnewaliases\fR" or with "\fBsendmail -bi\fR".
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.IP "\fBcommand_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The location of all postfix administrative commands.
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.IP "\fBconfig_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf
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configuration files.
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.IP "\fBdaemon_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.
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.IP "\fBdefault_database_type (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The default database type for use in newaliases(1), postalias(1)
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and postmap(1) commands.
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.IP "\fBdelay_warning_time (0h)\fR"
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The time after which the sender receives the message headers of
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mail that is still queued.
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.IP "\fBmail_owner (postfix)\fR"
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The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most Postfix
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daemon processes.
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.IP "\fBqueue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)\fR"
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The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
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.IP "\fBsyslog_facility (mail)\fR"
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The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
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.IP "\fBsyslog_name (postfix)\fR"
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The mail system name that is prepended to the process name in syslog
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records, so that "smtpd" becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".
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.IP "\fBtrigger_timeout (10s)\fR"
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The time limit for sending a trigger to a Postfix daemon (for
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example, the pickup(8) or qmgr(8) daemon).
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.SH "FILES"
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.na
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.nf
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/var/spool/postfix, mail queue
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/etc/postfix, configuration files
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.na
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.nf
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pickup(8), mail pickup daemon
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qmgr(8), queue manager
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smtpd(8), SMTP server
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flush(8), fast flush service
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postsuper(1), queue maintenance
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postalias(1), create/update/query alias database
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postdrop(1), mail posting utility
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postfix(1), mail system control
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postqueue(1), mail queue control
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syslogd(8), system logging
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.SH "README_FILES"
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.na
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.nf
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Use "\fBpostconf readme_directory\fR" or
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"\fBpostconf html_directory\fR" to locate this information.
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DEBUG_README, Postfix debugging howto
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ETRN_README, Postfix ETRN howto
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VERP_README, Postfix VERP howto
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.SH "LICENSE"
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.na
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.nf
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.ad
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.fi
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The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
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.SH "AUTHOR(S)"
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.na
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.nf
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Wietse Venema
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IBM T.J. Watson Research
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P.O. Box 704
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Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
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