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wiz e13bb221d0 regen (Document -h. From Karsten Kruse in PR 25974. 
While here, remove a duplicate sentence).
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BUILDING(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual BUILDING(8)
NAME
BUILDING - Procedure for building NetBSD from source code.
STATUS
This document is a work-in-progress. As such, the information described
here may not match the reality of the build system as of this writing.
Once this document is completely in sync with reality, this paragraph
will be removed.
Discrepancies between this documentation and the current reality of
implementation are noted specially, as with the note below:
Note: This document applies only to platforms which use the new toolchain
as indicated by the default setting of TOOLCHAIN_MISSING in <bsd.own.mk>.
Platforms which have not yet been switched to the new toolchain should
continue building traditionally, using the notes specified in the file
UPDATING.
REQUIREMENTS
NetBSD is designed to be buildable on most POSIX-compliant host systems.
The basic build procedure is the same whether compiling natively (on the
same NetBSD architecture) or cross compiling (on another architecture or
OS).
This source tree contains a special subtree, ``tools'', which uses the
host system to create a build toolchain for the target architecture. The
host system must have at least C and C++ compilers in order to create the
toolchain (make is not required); all other tools are created as part of
the NetBSD build process.
FILES
Source tree layout
doc/BUILDING.mdoc
This document (in -mdoc troff format; the original copy).
BUILDING This document (in plaintext).
tools/compat/README
Special notes for cross-hosting a NetBSD build on non-
NetBSD platforms.
Makefile The main Makefile for NetBSD; should only be run for
native builds with an appropriately up-to-date version of
NetBSD make(1). (For building from out-of-date systems or
on a non-native host, see the build.sh shell script.)
UPDATING Special notes for updating from an earlier revision of
NetBSD. It is important to read this file before every
build of an updated source tree.
build.sh Bourne-compatible shell script used for building the host
build tools and the NetBSD system from scratch. Can be
used for both native and cross builds, and should be used
instead of make(1) for any source tree that is updated and
recompiled regularly.
crypto/dist/, dist/, gnu/dist/
Sources imported verbatim from third parties, without man-
gling the existing build structure. Other source trees in
bin through usr.sbin use the NetBSD make(1) ``reachover''
Makefile semantics when building these programs for a
native host.
distrib/, etc/
Sources for items used when making a full release snap-
shot, such as files installed in DESTDIR/etc on the desti-
nation system, boot media, and release notes.
regress/ Regression test harness. Can be cross-compiled, but only
run natively.
sys/ NetBSD kernel sources.
tools/ ``Reachover'' build structure for the host build tools.
This has a special method of determining out-of-date sta-
tus.
bin/ ... usr.sbin/
Sources to the NetBSD userland (non-kernel) programs. If
any of these directories are missing, they will be skipped
during the build.
x11/ ``Reachover'' build structure for X11R6; the source is in
X11SRCDIR.
Build tree layout
The NetBSD build tree is described in hier(7), and the release layout is
described in release(7).
CONFIGURATION
Environment variables
Several environment variables control the behaviour of NetBSD builds.
MACHINE Machine type.
MACHINE_ARCH Machine architecture.
MAKE Path name to invoke make(1) as.
MAKEFLAGS Flags to invoke make(1) with.
MAKEOBJDIR Directory to use as the .OBJDIR for the current direc-
tory. Used only if MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX is not defined.
MAKEOBJDIR can only be provided in the environment or
via the -O flag of build.sh.
MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX Top level directory of the object directory tree. If
this is defined, ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}/${.CURDIR} is used
as the .OBJDIR for the current directory. The current
directory may be read only. MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX can only
be provided in the environment or via the -M flag of
build.sh.
"make" variables
Several variables control the behavior of NetBSD builds. Unless other-
wise specified, these variables may be set in either the process environ-
ment or the make(1) configuration file specified by MAKECONF.
BUILDID Identifier for the build. The identifier will be appended to
object directory names, and can be consulted in the make(1)
configuration file in order to set additional build parame-
ters, such as compiler flags.
DESTDIR Directory to contain the built NetBSD system. If set, spe-
cial options are passed to the compilation tools to prevent
their default use of the host system's /usr/include,
/usr/lib, and so forth. This pathname should not end with a
slash (/) character (for installation into the system's root
directory, set DESTDIR to an empty string). The directory
must reside on a file system which supports long file names
and hard links.
Default: Empty string if USETOOLS is ``yes''; unset other-
wise.
Note: build.sh will provide a default of destdir.MACHINE (in
the top-level .OBJDIR) unless run in `expert' mode
MAKECONF The name of the make(1) configuration file. Only settable in
the process environment.
Default: ``/etc/mk.conf''
MAKEVERBOSE
Level of verbosity of status messages. Supported values:
0 No descriptive messages are shown.
1 Descriptive messages are shown.
2 Descriptive messages (prefixed with a `#') and command
output is not suppressed.
Default: 2
MKCATPAGES Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether prefor-
matted plaintext manual pages will be created during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKCRYPTO Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether crypto-
graphic code will be included in a build; provided for the
benefit of countries that do not allow strong cryptography.
Will not affect use of the standard low-security password
encryption system, crypt(3).
Default: ``yes''
MKDOC Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether system
documentation destined for DESTDIR/usr/share/doc will be
installed during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKHOSTOBJ Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. If set to ``yes'', then for
programs intended to be run on the compile host, the name,
release, and architecture of the host operating system will
be suffixed to the name of the object directory created by
``make obj''. (This allows multiple host systems to compile
NetBSD for a single target.) If set to ``no'', then programs
built to be run on the compile host will use the same object
directory names as programs built to be run on the target.
Default: ``no''
MKINFO Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether GNU Info
files, used for the documentation for most of the compilation
tools, will be created and installed during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKLINT Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether lint(1)
will be run against portions of the NetBSD source code during
the build, and whether lint libraries will be installed into
DESTDIR/usr/libdata/lint.
Default: ``yes''
MKMAN Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether manual
pages will be installed during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKNLS Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether Native
Language System locale zone files will be compiled and
installed during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKOBJ Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether object
directories will be created when running ``make obj''. If
set to ``no'', then all built files will be located inside
the regular source tree.
Default: ``yes''
MKPIC Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether shared
objects and libraries will be created and installed during a
build. If set to ``no'', the entire built system will be
statically linked.
Default: Platform dependent. As of this writing, all plat-
forms except sh3 default to ``yes''.
MKPICINSTALL
Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether the ar(1)
format libraries (lib*_pic.a), used to generate shared
libraries, are installed during a build.
Default: ``yes''
MKPROFILE Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether profiled
libraries (lib*_p.a) will be built and installed during a
build.
Default: ``yes''; however, some platforms turn off MKPROFILE
by default at times due to toolchain problems with profiled
code.
MKSHARE Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether files
destined to reside in DESTDIR/usr/share will be built and
installed during a build. If set to ``no'', then all of
MKCATPAGES, MKDOC, MKINFO, MKMAN, and MKNLS will be set to
``no'' unconditionally.
Default: ``yes''
MKTTINTERP Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. For X builds, decides if
the TrueType bytecode interpreter is turned on. See
http://www.freetype.org/patents.html for details.
Default: ``no''
MKUNPRIVED Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether an
unprivileged install will occur. The user, group, permis-
sions, and file flags, will not be set on the installed item;
instead the information will be appended to a file called
METALOG in DESTDIR. The contents of METALOG is used during
the generation of the distribution tar files to ensure that
the appropriate file ownership is stored.
Default: ``no''
MKUPDATE Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether all
install operations intended to write to DESTDIR will compare
file timestamps before installing, and skip the install phase
if the destination files are up-to-date. This also has
implications on full builds (see next subsection).
Default: ``no''
MKX11 Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether X11R6 is
built from X11SRCDIR.
Default: ``no''
TOOLDIR Directory to hold the host tools, once built. This directory
should be unique to a given host system and NetBSD source
tree. (However, multiple targets may share the same TOOLDIR;
the target-dependent files have unique names.) If unset, a
default based on the uname(1) information of the host plat-
form will be created in the .OBJDIR of src.
Default: Unset.
USETOOLS Indicates whether the tools specified by TOOLDIR should be
used as part of a build in progress. Must be set to ``yes''
if cross-compiling.
yes Use the tools from TOOLDIR.
no Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, but refuse to build
native compilation tool components that are version-
specific for that tool.
never Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, even when building
native tool components. This is similar to the tradi-
tional NetBSD build method, but does not verify that
the compilation tools in use are up-to-date enough in
order to build the tree successfully. This may cause
build or runtime problems when building the whole
NetBSD source tree.
Default: ``yes'' if building all or part of a whole NetBSD
source tree (detected automatically); ``no'' otherwise (to
preserve traditional semantics of the <bsd.*.mk> make(1)
include files).
X11SRCDIR Directory containing the X11R6 source. The main X11R6 source
is found in X11SRCDIR/xfree/xc.
Default: ``/usr/xsrc''
"make" variables for full builds
These variables only affect the top level ``Makefile'' and do not affect
manually building subtrees of the NetBSD source code.
INSTALLWORLDDIR Location for the ``make installworld'' target to install
to.
Default: ``/''
MKOBJDIRS Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. Indicates whether
object directories will be created automatically (via a
``make obj'' pass) at the start of a build.
Default: ``no''
MKUPDATE Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''. If set, then in addi-
tion to the effects described for MKUPDATE=yes above,
this implies the effects of NOCLEANDIR (i.e., ``make
cleandir'' is avoided).
Default: ``no''
NBUILDJOBS Now obsolete. Use the make(1) option -j, instead (see
below)
Default: Unset.
NOCLEANDIR If set, avoids the ``make cleandir'' phase of a full
build. This has the effect of allowing only changed
files in a source tree to be recompiled. This can speed
up builds when updating only a few files in the tree.
Default: Unset.
NODISTRIBDIRS If set, avoids the ``make distrib-dirs'' phase of a full
build. This skips running mtree(8) on DESTDIR, useful
on systems where building as an unprivileged user, or
where it is known that the system-wide mtree files have
not changed.
Default: Unset.
NOINCLUDES If set, avoids the ``make includes'' phase of a full
build. This has the effect of preventing make(1) from
thinking that some programs are out-of-date simply
because the system include files have changed. However,
this option should not be used when updating the entire
NetBSD source tree arbitrarily; it is suggested to use
MKUPDATE=yes in that case.
Default: Unset.
RELEASEDIR If set, specifies the directory to which a release(7)
layout will be written at the end of a ``make release''.
Default: Unset.
Note: build.sh will provide a default of releasedir (in
the top-level .OBJDIR) unless run in `expert' mode
BUILDING
"make" command line options
This is only a summary of options available to make(1); only the options
used most frequently with NetBSD builds are listed here.
-j njob Run up to njob make(1) subjobs in parallel. Makefiles should
use .WAIT or have explicit dependancies as necessary to
enforce build ordering. If you see build failures with -j,
please save complete build logs so the failures can be ana-
lyzed.
-m dir Specify the default directory for searching for system Make-
file segments, mainly the <bsd.*.mk> files. When building any
full NetBSD source tree, this should be set to the
``share/mk'' directory in the source tree. (This is set auto-
matically when building from the top level.)
-n Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
actually execute them. This will still cause recursion to
take place.
-V var Print make(1)'s idea of the value of var. Does not build any
targets.
var=value Set the variable var to value, overriding any setting speci-
fied by the process environment, the MAKECONF configuration
file, or the system Makefile segments.
"make" targets
These default targets may be built by running make(1) in any subtree of
the NetBSD source code. It is recommended that none of these be used
from the top level Makefile; as a specific exception, ``make obj'' and
``make cleandir'' are useful in that context.
all Build programs, libraries, and preformatted documentation.
clean Remove program and library object code files.
cleandir Same as clean, but also remove preformatted documentation,
dependency files generated by ``make depend'', and any other
files known to be created at build time.
depend Create dependency files (.depend) containing more detailed
information about the dependencies of source code on header
files. Allows programs to be recompiled automatically when a
dependency changes.
dependall Does a ``make depend'' immediately followed by a ``make all''.
This improves cache locality of the build since both passes
read the source files in their entirety.
distclean Synonym for cleandir.
includes Build and install system header files. Typically needed
before any system libraries or programs can be built.
install Install programs, libraries, and documentation into DESTDIR.
Few files will be installed to DESTDIR/dev, DESTDIR/etc,
DESTDIR/root or DESTDIR/var in order to prevent user supplied
configuration data from being overwritten.
lint Run lint(1) against the C source code, where appropriate, and
generate system-installed lint libraries.
obj Create object directories to be used for built files, instead
of building directly in the source tree.
tags Create ctags(1) searchable function lists usable by the ex(1)
and vi(1) text editors.
"make" targets for the top level
Additional make(1) targets are usable specifically from the top source
level to facilitate building the entire NetBSD source tree.
build Build the entire NetBSD system. This orders portions of
the source tree such that prerequisites will be built in
the proper order.
distribution Do a ``make build'', and then install a full distribution
into DESTDIR, including files in DESTDIR/dev, DESTDIR/etc,
DESTDIR/root and DESTDIR/var.
buildworld As per ``make distribution'', except that it ensures that
DESTDIR is not the root directory.
installworld Install the distribution from DESTDIR to INSTALLWORLDDIR
(which defaults to the root directory). Ensures that
INSTALLWORLDDIR is the not root directory if cross compil-
ing.
Note: It is highly recommended that you upgrade your kernel
and reboot before performing this operation.
sets Create distribution sets from DESTDIR into
RELEASEDIR/MACHINE/binary/sets. Should be run after ``make
distribution'' (as ``make build'' does not install all of
the required files).
sourcesets Create source sets of the source tree into
RELEASEDIR/source/sets.
release Do a ``make distribution'', build kernels, distribution
media, and install sets (this as per ``make sets''), and
then package the system into a standard release layout as
described by release(7). This requires that RELEASEDIR be
set (see above).
regression-tests
Can only be run after building the regression tests in the
directory ``regress''. Runs the compiled regression tests
on the local host.
The "build.sh" script
This script file is a Bourne shell script designed to build the entire
NetBSD system on any host with a Bourne shell in /bin/sh, including many
that are not POSIX compliant. Note that if a host system's /bin/sh is
unusually old and broken, the Korn Shell (/bin/ksh), if available, may be
a usable alternative.
All cross-compile builds, and most native builds, of the entire system
should make use of build.sh rather than just running ``make''. This way,
the make(1) program will be bootstrapped properly, in case the host sys-
tem has an older or incompatible ``make'' program.
When compiling the entire system via build.sh, many make(1) variables are
set for you in order to help encapsulate the build process. In the list
of options below, variables that are automatically set by build.sh are
noted where applicable.
The following operations are supported by build.sh:
build Build the system as per ``make build''. This option
implies the obj and tools operations.
distribution Build a full distribution as per ``make distribution''.
This option implies the build operation.
release Build a full release as per ``make release''. This option
implies the distribution operation.
makewrapper Create the nbmake-MACHINE wrapper. This operation is auto-
matically performed for any of the other operations.
obj Perform ``make obj''.
tools Build and install the host tools from src/tools.
install=idir Install the contents of DESTDIR to idir, using ``make
installworld''.
kernel=kconf Build a new kernel. The kconf argument is the name of a
configuration file suitable for use by config(8). If kconf
does not contain any `/' characters, the configuration file
is expected to be found in the KERNCONFDIR directory, which
is typically sys/arch/MACHINE/conf. The new kernel will be
built in a subdirectory of KERNOBJDIR, which is typically
sys/arch/MACHINE/compile or an associated object directory.
In order to ensure that the kernel is built using up-to-
date tools, it is strongly recommended that the tools be
rebuilt (using the tools operation).
releasekernel=kconf
Install a gzip(1)ed copy of the kernel built by
kernel=kconf into RELEASEDIR/MACHINE/binary/kernel, usually
as netbsd-kconf.gz, although the ``netbsd'' prefix is
determined from the ``config'' directives in kconf.
sets Perform ``make sets''.
sourcesets Perform ``make sourcesets''.
The following command line options alter the behaviour of the build.sh
operations described above:
-a arch Set the value of MACHINE_ARCH to arch.
-B buildid
Set the value of BUILDID to buildid. This will also append the
build idenfitier to the name of the ``make'' wrapper script so
that the resulting name is of the form
``nbmake-MACHINE-BUILDID''.
-D dest Set the value of DESTDIR to dest.
-E Set `expert' mode. This overrides various sanity checks, and
allows: DESTDIR does not have to be set to a non-root path for
builds, and MKUNPRIVED=yes does not have to be set when build-
ing as a non-root user.
Note: It is highly recommended that you know what you are doing
when you use this option.
-h Print a help message.
-j njob Passed through to make(1). Makefiles should use .WAIT or have
explicit dependancies as necessary to enforce build ordering.
If you see build failures with -j, please save complete build
logs so the failures can be analyzed.
-M obj Set MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX to obj. Unsets MAKEOBJDIR.
-m mach Set the value of MACHINE to mach. This will also override any
value of MACHINE_ARCH in the process environment with a value
deduced from mach, unless -a is specified, or mach is a special
case listed below. All cross builds require -m, but if unset
on a NetBSD host, the host's value of MACHINE will be detected
and used automatically.
Some machines support multiple values for MACHINE_ARCH. For a
given value of mach, the following MACHINE and MACHINE_ARCH
values will result:
mach MACHINE MACHINE_ARCH
evbmips evbmips (not set)
evbmips-eb evbmips mipseb
evbmips-el evbmips mipsel
evbsh3 evbsh3 (not set)
evbsh3-eb evbsh3 sh3eb
evbsh3-el evbsh3 sh3el
sbmips sbmips (not set)
sbmips-eb sbmips mipseb
sbmips-el sbmips mipsel
-N noiselevel
Set the ``noisyness'' level of the build, by setting
MAKEVERBOSE to noiselevel.
-n Show the commands that would be executed by build.sh, but do
not make any changes. This is similar in concept to ``make
-n''.
-O obj Create an appropriate transform macro for MAKEOBJDIR that will
place the built object files under obj. For instance, a set-
ting of /usr/obj will place build-time files under
/usr/obj/bin, /usr/obj/lib, /usr/obj/usr.bin, and so forth.
Unsets MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX.
-o Set the value of MKOBJDIRS to ``no''. Otherwise, it will be
automatically set to ``yes'' (which is opposite to the default
behaviour).
-R rel Set the value of RELEASEDIR to rel.
-r Remove the contents of DESTDIR and TOOLDIR before building
(provides a clean starting point). This will skip deleting
DESTDIR if building on a native system to the root directory.
-T tools Set the value of TOOLDIR to tools. If set, the bootstrap
``make'' will only be rebuilt as needed (when the source files
for make(1) change).
-U Set MKUNPRIVED=yes.
-u Set MKUPDATE=yes.
-V var=[value]
Set the environment variable var to an optional value. This is
propagated to the nbmake wrapper.
-w wrapper
Create the nbmake wrapper script (see below) in a custom loca-
tion, specified by wrapper. This allows, for instance, to
place the wrapper in PATH automatically. Note that wrapper is
the full name of the file, not just a directory name.
-X x11src
Set the value of X11SRCDIR to x11src.
-x Set MKX11=yes.
-Z var Unset ("zap") the environment variable var. This is propagated
to the nbmake wrapper.
The "nbmake-MACHINE" wrapper script
If using the build.sh script to build NetBSD, a nbmake-MACHINE script
will be created in TOOLDIR/bin upon the first build to assist in building
subtrees on a cross-compile host.
nbmake-MACHINE can be invoked in lieu of make(1), and will instead call
the up-to-date version of ``nbmake'' installed into TOOLDIR/bin with sev-
eral key variables pre-set, including MACHINE, MACHINE_ARCH, and TOOLDIR.
build.sh will also set variables specified with -V, and unset variables
specified with -Z.
This script can be symlinked into a directory listed in PATH, or called
with an absolute path.
EXAMPLES
1. % ./build.sh tools kernel=GENERIC
Build a new toolchain, and use the new toolchain to configure and
build a new GENERIC kernel.
2. % ./build.sh -U distribution
Using unprivileged mode, build a complete distribution to a DESTDIR
directory that build.sh selects (and will display).
3. # ./build.sh -U install=/
As root, install to / the distribution that was built by example 2.
Even though this is run as root, -U is required so that the permis-
sions stored in DESTDIR/METALOG are correctly applied to the files
as they're copied to /.
4. % ./build.sh -U -u release
Using unprivileged mode, build a complete release to DESTDIR and
RELEASEDIR directories that build.sh selects (and will display).
MKUPDATE=yes (-u) is set to prevent the ``make cleandir'', so that
if this is run after example 2, it doesn't need to redo that portion
of the release build.
OBSOLETE VARIABLES
NBUILDJOBS Use the make(1) option -j, instead.
USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN
The new toolchain is now the default. To disable, use
TOOLCHAIN_MISSING=yes.
SEE ALSO
make(1), hier(7), release(7)
HISTORY
The build.sh based build scheme was introduced for NetBSD 1.6 as
USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN, and re-worked to TOOLCHAIN_MISSING after that.
BUGS
A few platforms are not yet using this build system.
NetBSD February 6, 2003 NetBSD
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