1324 lines
37 KiB
Plaintext
1324 lines
37 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $NetBSD: sysinst,v 1.29 2002/01/03 03:32:10 mbw Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2001 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.
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.
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.de (pcmcia
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. Bl -tag -width x[PCMCIA]x
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.It [ Tn PCMCIA ]
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..
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.de pcmcia)
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. El
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..
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.
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.
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.Ss2 Running the sysinst installation program
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.(enum
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.To 2 Introduction
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.Em Introduction
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.Pp
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Using
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.Ic sysinst ,
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installing
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.Nx
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is a relatively easy process. You
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still should read this document and have it in hand when doing the
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installation process. This document tries to be a good guideline
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for the installation and as such covers many details to be completed.
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Do not let this discourage you, the install program is not hard
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to use.
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.
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.if !\n[macppc]:\n[news68k]:\n[pmax]:\n[sparc]:\n[x68k] \{\
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.It
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.To 2 "Possible PCMCIA issues"
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.Em Possible Tn PCMCIA Em issues
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.Pp
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Machines with
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.Tn PCMCIA
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slots may have problems during installation. With the improvements of
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the
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.Tn PCMCIA
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code in this release, this will not happen very frequently.
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If you do not have
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.Tn PCMCIA
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on your machine
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.Tn ( PCMCIA
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is only really used on laptop machines),
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you can skip this section, and ignore the
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.Dq Bq Tn PCMCIA
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notes. If you do have
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.Tn PCMCIA
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in your machine, you can safely ignore this section and the
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.Dq Bq Tn PCMCIA
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the first time, as you are likely to not have problems. Should troubles
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occur during floppy boot, they may be
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.Tn PCMCIA
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specific. You should then re-read this section and try again,
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following the instructions in the
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.Dq Bq Tn PCMCIA
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notes.
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.Pp
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This section explains how to work around the installation problem.
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.Pp
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The kernel keeps careful track of what interrupts
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and I/O ports are in use during autoconfiguration. It then allows
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the
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.Tn PCMCIA
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devices to pick unused interrupts and I/O ports.
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Unfortunately, the
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.Tn Li INSTALL
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kernel may not detect all devices in your system. This may
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be because the
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.Tn Li INSTALL
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kernel only supports the minimum set of devices to install
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.Nx
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on your system, or it may be that
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.Nx
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does not have support for the device causing the conflict.
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.Pp
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For example, suppose your laptop has a
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soundblaster device built in; the
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.Tn Li INSTALL
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kernel has no sound support. The
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.Tn PCMCIA No code might allocate your soundblaster's
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.Tn IRQ No and I/O ports to
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.Tn PCMCIA
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devices, causing them not to work, or to lock up the system. This is
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especially bad if one of the devices in question is your ethernet
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card.
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.Pp
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As of
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.Nx 1.5 ,
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the kernel attempts to probe for available interrupts that are
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usable by the
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.Tn PCIC
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.Tn ( PCMCIA
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interrupt controller). Assuming that this functions correctly, it
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should alleviate interrupt conflicts; however, I/O port conflicts are
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still possible.
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.Pp
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This problem will impact some, but not all, users of
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.Tn PCMCIA .
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If this problem is affecting you, watch the
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.Dq Bq Tn PCMCIA
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notes that will appear in this document.
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.if r_i386 \{\
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.Pp
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It can be difficult to distinguish an interrupt conflict from
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an I/O space conflict. There are no hard-and-fast rules, but
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interrupt conflicts are more likely to lock up the machine,
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and I/O space conflicts are more likely to result in misbehavior
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(e.g. a network card that cannot send or receive packets).
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.Pp
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The kernel selects a free interrupt according to a mask of allowable
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interrupts, stored in the kernel global variable
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.Va pcic_isa_intr_alloc_mask .
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This mask is a logical-or of power-of-2s of allowable interrupts:
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.(disp
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IRQ Val IRQ Val IRQ Val IRQ Val
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0 0x0001 4 0x0010 8 0x0100 12 0x1000
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1 0x0002 5 0x0020 9 0x0200 13 0x2000
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2 0x0004 6 0x0040 10 0x0400 14 0x4000
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3 0x0008 7 0x0080 11 0x0800 15 0x8000
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.disp)
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.Pp
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For example, 0x0a00 allows both IRQ 9 and IRQ 11. By default,
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the
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.Tn Li INSTALL
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kernel permits all IRQs other than IRQs 5 and 7, so the corresponding
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mask is 0xff5f. The
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.Tn Li GENERIC
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kernel, however, allows all IRQs. (The presumption here
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is that IRQ 10 may be assigned to a device that the
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.Tn Li GENERIC
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kernel
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supports, but that the
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.Tn Li INSTALL
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does not.) Because of support for interrupt probing, it is no
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longer necessary to exclude IRQs 3 and 5 explicitly; if they are
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in use, they should not be assigned to
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.Tn PCMCIA .
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.Pp
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The kernel selects IO space by assigning cards IO space within a
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predefined range. The range is specified as a base and size,
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specified by the kernel global variables
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.Va pcic_isa_alloc_iobase
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and
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.Va pcic_isa_alloc_iosize .
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For systems with 12-bit addressing (most systems), the kernel defaults to a
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base of 0x400 and a size of 0xbff (a range of 0x400-0xfff).
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For systems with 10-bit addressing, the kernel defaults to a
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base of 0x300 and a size of 0xff (range of 0x300-0x3ff).
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.Pp
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Unfortunately, these ranges may conflict with some devices. In the
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event of a conflict, try a base of 0x330 with a size of 0x0bf (range
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of 0x330-0x3ff).
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.Pp
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In order to work around this at installation time, you may
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boot the
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.Tn Li INSTALL
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kernel with
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.Ic boot Fl d ,
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in order to enter
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.Xr ddb 4
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(the in-kernel debugger), and then use the
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.Ic write
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command to alter the variable values:
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.Pp
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.Dl db\*> Ic "write pcic_isa_intr_alloc_mask 0x0a00"
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.Dl "pcic_isa_intr_alloc_mask 0xff5f = 0xa00"
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.Dl db\*> Ic "write pcic_isa_alloc_iobase 0x330"
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.Dl "pcic_isa_alloc_iobase 0x400 = 0x330"
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.Dl db\*> Ic "write pcic_isa_alloc_iosize 0x0bf"
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.Dl "pcic_isa_alloc_iosize 0xbff = 0xbf"
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.Dl db\*> Ic "continue"
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.Pp
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Note that, since some floppy images may not have symbol information in
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the kernel, you may have to consult the matching
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.Pa .symbols
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file in the
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.Pa binary/kernel
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directory in the installation tree. Find the pcic_ symbols used above,
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look at the hexadecimal value in the first column, and write, for
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example (if
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.Va pcic_isa_intr_alloc_mask
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is equal to c0513e3c):
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.Pp
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.Dl db\*> Ic "write 0xc0513e3c 0x0a00"
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.Pp
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After installation, this value can be permanently written to the kernel image
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directly with:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "cp /netbsd /netbsd.bak"
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.Dl # Ic "gdb --write /netbsd"
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.Dl (gdb) Ic "set pcic_isa_intr_alloc_mask=0x0a00"
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.Dl (gdb) Ic "set pcic_isa_alloc_iobase=0x330"
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.Dl (gdb) Ic "set pcic_isa_alloc_iosize=0x0bf"
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.Dl (gdb) Ic "quit"
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.Dl #
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.Pp
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or you could specify these value when configuring your kernel, e.g.:
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.(disp
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options PCIC_ISA_INTR_ALLOC_MASK=0x0a00
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options PCIC_ISA_ALLOC_IOBASE=0x330
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options PCIC_ISA_ALLOC_IOSIZE=0x0bf
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.disp)
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.Pp
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If you can
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get your
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.Tn PCMCIA
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card to work using this hack, you may also ignore the
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.Bq Tn PCMCIA
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notes later in this document.
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.Pp
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We hope to provide a more elegant solution to this problem in a future
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.Nx
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release.
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.\} \" r_i386
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.\} \" ! \n[macppc]:\[news68k]:\n[pmax]:\n[x68k]
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.It
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.To 2 General
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.Em General
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.Pp
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The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while
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getting
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.Nx
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installed on your hard disk.
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.Ic sysinst
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is a menu driven
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installation system that allows for some freedom in doing the
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installation. Sometimes, questions will be asked and in many cases
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the default answer will be displayed in brackets
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.Pq Dq \&[\ ]
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after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may press
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.Key CONTROL-C
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at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation
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process again from scratch, by running the
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.Pa /sysinst
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program from the command prompt, you do not need to reboot.
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.It
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.To 2 "Quick install"
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.Em Quick install
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.Pp
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First, let's describe a quick install. The other sections of
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this document go into the installation procedure in more
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detail, but you may find that you do not need this. If you
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want detailed instructions, skip to section 3. This section
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describes a basic installation, using a CD-ROM install as
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an example.
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.Pp
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.(bullet
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What you need.
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.(bullet
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The distribution sets (in this example, they are on CD).
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.if !r_pmax \{\
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.It
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.ie r_alpha Two floppy disks.
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.el .ie r_i386 Two 1.44 MB 3.5" floppy disks.
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.el .ie \n[macppc]:\n[sparc] Some form of bootable media, described above.
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.el One 1.44 MB 3.5" floppy.
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.\} \" ! r_pmax
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.if r_i386 \{\
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.It
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A PC with a 386 or newer processor.
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.\} \" r_i386
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.It
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A CD-ROM drive
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.ie \n[alpha]:\n[i386]:\n[macppc] (SCSI or ATAPI),
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.el (SCSI),
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a harddisk and a minimum of
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.if r_alpha 32 MB
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.if r_i386 4 MB
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.if r_macppc 8 MB
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.if r_news68k 4 MB
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.if r_pmax 8 MB
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.if r_sparc 4 MB
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of memory installed.
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.It
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The harddisk should have at least
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.if r_alpha 200
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.if r_i386 70
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.if r_macppc 200
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.if r_news68k 100
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.if r_pmax 200
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.if r_sparc 200
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+
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.Em n
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megabytes of
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space free, where
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.Em n
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is the number of megabytes of
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main memory in your system. If you wish to install
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the X Window System as well, you will need at least
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60 MB more.
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.bullet)
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.if \n[alpha]:\n[i386]:\n[news68k] \{\
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.It
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Creating the boot floppies.
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You can create the floppies needed for installation
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under
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.Tn MS-DOS
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or
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.Tn Windows .
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Supposing your 1.44 MB floppy
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drive is drive A:, and your CD is drive E: do the
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following from an
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.Tn MS-DOS
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command prompt:
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.Pp
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.Dl Ic "e:"
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.Dl Ic "cd \eNetBSD-\*V\ei386\einstallation\emisc"
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.Dl Ic "rawrite"
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.Pp
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When asked for a source filename, answer
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.if r_i386 \{\
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.Dl Pa \&..\efloppy\eboot1.fs
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for the first diskette and
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.Dl Pa \&..\efloppy\eboot2.fs
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for the second diskette.
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.\}
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.if r_alpha .Dl Em \&(...alpha installation root) Ns Pa \efloppy\edisk1of2
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.if r_news68k .Dl Pa \eNetBSD-\*V\e\*M\einstallation\efloppy\eboot.fs
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.Pp
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When asked for a destination drive answer
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.Sq Ic a .
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.It
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To create a bootfloppy under
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.Nx
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or other
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.Ul
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system, you would type something like:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "dd if=.../boot1.fs bs=18k of=/dev/rfd0a"
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.Pp
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.\} \" \n[alpha]:\n[i386]:\[news68k]
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.It
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The Quick Installation
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.(bullet
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.ie \n[macppc]:\n[pmax]:\n[sparc] \{\
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Boot the system as described above. You
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should be at the
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.Ic sysinst
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main menu.
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.\} \" \n[macppc]:\n[pmax]:\n[sparc]
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.el \{\
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Insert the
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.ie r_i386 first
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.ie r_alpha first
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boot floppy you just created.
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.ie r_i386 Restart
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.el Boot
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the computer.
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.if r_alpha \{\
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Type
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.Pp
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.Dl \&\*>\*>\*> Ic "B DVA0"
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.Pp
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.\}
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.if r_i386 When prompted, insert the second boot floppy.
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.if r_news68k \{\
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Type
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.Pp
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.Dl \&NEWS\*> Ic "bo fh"
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.Pp
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.\}
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The main menu will be displayed.
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.\} \" ! r_pmax
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.(disp
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.***********************************************.
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* NetBSD-1.5.1 Install System *
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* *
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*\*>a: Install NetBSD to hard disk *
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* b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk *
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* c: Re-install sets or install additional sets *
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* d: Reboot the computer *
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* e: Utility menu *
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* x: Exit Install System *
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.***********************************************.
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.disp)
|
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.It
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|
If you wish, you can configure some network settings
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|
immediately by choosing the
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.Me Utility menu
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|
and then
|
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.Me Configure network .
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|
It isn't actually required at this point, but
|
|
it may be more convenient. Go back to the main menu.
|
|
.It
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|
Choose
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|
.Me install .
|
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.It
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|
You will be guided through some steps regarding the
|
|
setup of your disk, and the selection of distributed components
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|
to install. When in doubt, refer to the rest of this document for details.
|
|
.It
|
|
After your disk has been prepared, choose
|
|
.Me CD-ROM
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|
as the medium. The default values for the path and device should be ok.
|
|
.It
|
|
After all the files have been unpacked, go back to
|
|
the main menu and select
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|
.ie \n[macppc]:\n[pmax]:\n[sparc] \{\
|
|
.Me reboot.
|
|
.\}
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|
.el \{\
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|
.Me reboot ,
|
|
after you have removed the bootfloppy from the drive.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.It
|
|
.if r_macppc \{\
|
|
Once the system reaches the Open Firmware prompt, you will need to type
|
|
the correct command to boot from your hard drive.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if r_sparc \{\
|
|
Once the system reaches the PROM prompt, you will need to type the correct
|
|
command to boot from your hard drive.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.Nx
|
|
will now boot. If you haven't already done so in
|
|
.Ic sysinst ,
|
|
you should log in as
|
|
.Li root ,
|
|
and set a password for that account. You are also
|
|
advised to edit the file
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.conf
|
|
to match your system needs.
|
|
.It
|
|
Your installation is now complete.
|
|
.It
|
|
For configuring the X window system, if installed, see the files in
|
|
.Pa /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc .
|
|
.if !\n[macppc]:\n[sparc] \{\
|
|
Further information can be found on
|
|
.Lk http://www.xfree86.org/ .
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if \n[macppc] \{\
|
|
Further information can be found on
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/x11.html
|
|
.\}
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.bullet)
|
|
.It
|
|
.To 2 "Booting NetBSD"
|
|
.Em Booting NetBSD
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.if !\n[macppc]:\n[news68k]:\n[pmax]:\n[sparc]:\n[x68k] \{\
|
|
.(pcmcia
|
|
Unplug your
|
|
.Tn PCMCIA
|
|
devices, so that they won't be found by
|
|
.Nx .
|
|
.pcmcia)
|
|
.\} \" !\n[macppc]:\n[news68k]:\n[pmax]:\n[sparc]:\n[x68k]
|
|
.ie \n[macppc]:\n[pmax]:\n[sparc] \{\
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Boot the system as described in the previous section.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You may want to read the
|
|
boot messages, to notice your disk's name and capacity. Its name
|
|
will be something like
|
|
.Li sd0
|
|
.if r_macppc \{\
|
|
or
|
|
.Li wd0
|
|
.\}
|
|
and the geometry will be
|
|
printed on a line that begins with its name. As mentioned above,
|
|
you may need your disk's geometry when creating
|
|
.Nx 's
|
|
partitions.
|
|
You will also need to know the name, to tell
|
|
.Ic sysinst
|
|
on which disk
|
|
to install.
|
|
The most important thing to know is that
|
|
.if r_macppc \{\
|
|
.Li wd0
|
|
is
|
|
.Nx 's
|
|
name for your first IDE disk,
|
|
.Li wd1
|
|
the second, etc.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.Li sd0
|
|
is your first SCSI disk,
|
|
.Li sd1
|
|
the second, etc.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.el \{\
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Boot your machine. The boot loader will
|
|
start, and will print a countdown and begin booting.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the boot loader messages do not appear in a reasonable
|
|
amount of time, you either have a bad boot floppy or a
|
|
hardware problem. Try writing the install floppy image to
|
|
a different disk, and using that.
|
|
.if r_i386 \{\
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If that doesn't work, try booting after disabling your CPU's
|
|
internal and external caches (if any). If it still doesn't
|
|
work,
|
|
.Nx
|
|
probably can't be run on your hardware. This can
|
|
probably be considered a bug, so you might want to report it.
|
|
If you do, please include as many details about your system
|
|
configuration as you can.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It will take a while to load the kernel from the floppy,
|
|
probably around a minute or so, then, the kernel boot messages
|
|
will be displayed. This may take a little while also, as
|
|
.Nx
|
|
will be probing your system to discover which hardware devices are
|
|
installed.
|
|
.if r_i386 \{\
|
|
You may want to read the
|
|
boot messages, to notice your disk's name and geometry. Its name
|
|
will be something like
|
|
.Li sd0
|
|
or
|
|
.Li wd0
|
|
and the geometry will be
|
|
printed on a line that begins with its name. As mentioned above,
|
|
you may need your disk's geometry when creating
|
|
.Nx 's
|
|
partitions.
|
|
You will also need to know the name, to tell
|
|
.Ic sysinst
|
|
on which disk
|
|
to install.
|
|
.\}
|
|
The most important thing to know is that
|
|
.Li wd0
|
|
is
|
|
.Nx 's
|
|
name for your first IDE disk,
|
|
.Li wd1
|
|
the second, etc.
|
|
.Li sd0
|
|
is your first SCSI disk,
|
|
.Li sd1
|
|
the second, etc.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that once the system has finished booting, you need not
|
|
leave the floppy in the disk drive.
|
|
.if r_i386 \{\
|
|
Earlier version of
|
|
the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
install floppies mounted the floppy as the system's
|
|
root partition
|
|
.Pq Pa / ,
|
|
but the new installation floppies use a
|
|
ramdisk file system and are no longer dependent on the floppy
|
|
once it has booted.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.\}
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once
|
|
.Nx
|
|
has booted and printed all the boot messages,
|
|
you will be presented with a welcome message and a main menu.
|
|
It will also include instructions for using the menus.
|
|
.It
|
|
.To 2 "Network configuration"
|
|
.Em Network configuration
|
|
.if !\n[macppc]:\n[news68k]:\n[pmax]:\n[sparc]:\n[x68k] \{\
|
|
.(pcmcia
|
|
You can skip this section, as you will only get data
|
|
from floppy in the first part of the install.
|
|
.pcmcia)
|
|
.\} \" ! \n[macppc]:\n[news68k]:\n[pmax]:\n[sparc]:\n[x68k]
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you will not use network operation during the installation,
|
|
but you do want your machine to be configured for networking once
|
|
it is installed, you should first go to the
|
|
.Me Utility menu
|
|
, and select the
|
|
.Me Configure network
|
|
option.
|
|
If you only want to temporarily
|
|
use networking during the installation, you can specify these
|
|
parameters later. If you are not using the Domain Name System (DNS),
|
|
you can give an empty response in reply to answers relating to
|
|
this.
|
|
.if r_macppc \{\
|
|
.It
|
|
.To 2 "Preparing a disk which will be used for MacOS and NetBSD"
|
|
.Em "Preparing a disk which will be used for"
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
.Em and NetBSD
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Skip this step if you are installing
|
|
.Nx
|
|
onto a dedicated drive.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Go to the
|
|
.Me "Utility Menu" No Ns ,
|
|
and select the
|
|
.Me "Run /bin/sh"
|
|
option which will give you a shell prompt. From this shell prompt, you
|
|
will do some of the steps that the normal install procedure
|
|
runs automatically. Unfortunately, at the moment, our install tools
|
|
aren't smart enough to deal with drives shared with
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
and will overwrite important information describing your partitions.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
|
|
to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
|
|
.Dl # Ic "stty erase '^h'"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "stty erase '^?'"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Type the following command (replacing
|
|
.Pa wd0
|
|
with the name of your destination hard drive):
|
|
.Dl # Ic "disklabel wd0"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This will print out the partition info that was generated by Drive
|
|
Setup. Note that, as discussed above in the
|
|
.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD
|
|
section, your
|
|
.Em "A/UX Root"
|
|
typically is the first partition
|
|
.No ( Ns Em a No Ns )
|
|
and your
|
|
.Em "A/UX Swap"
|
|
typically is the second partition
|
|
.No ( Ns Em b No Ns ).
|
|
You may also find that your
|
|
.Em "A/UX User"
|
|
partition is the seventh partition
|
|
.No ( Ns Em g No Ns ).
|
|
For example:
|
|
.(disp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "disklabel wd0"
|
|
[...]
|
|
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize cpg/sgs]
|
|
a: 426613 837432 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 1622*- 2449*)
|
|
b: 204800 632632 swap # (Cyl. 1226*- 1622*)
|
|
c: 2134305 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 4136*)
|
|
d: 426616 1216 HFS # (Cyl. 2*- 829*)
|
|
e: 204800 427832 HFS # (Cyl. 829*- 1226*)
|
|
f: 21 2134284 unknown # (Cyl. 4136*- 4136*)
|
|
g: 870239 1264045 4.2BSD 0 0 0 # (Cyl. 2449*- 4136*)
|
|
disklabel: boot block size 0
|
|
disklabel: super block size 0
|
|
.disp)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now, you need to create filesystems on the partitions that
|
|
.Nx
|
|
will be using.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Em "Do not modify any partitions labeled"
|
|
.Pa HFS No Em or Pa unknown No Ns .
|
|
The partitions you will be using have their
|
|
.Pa fstype
|
|
listed as
|
|
.Pa 4.2BSD No Ns .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Run the
|
|
.Ic newfs
|
|
command on the
|
|
.Pa 4.2BSD
|
|
partitions:
|
|
.(disp
|
|
.Dl # Ic "newfs /dev/wd0a"
|
|
newfs: /dev/sd1a: not a character-special device
|
|
Warning: 120 sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated
|
|
/dev/sd1a: 426612 sectors in 827 cylinders of 4 tracks, 129 sectors
|
|
208.3MB in 52 cyl groups (16 c/g, 4.03MB/g, 1024 i/g)
|
|
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
|
|
32, 8432, 16832, 25232, 33056, 41456, 49856, 58256, 66080,
|
|
74480, 82880, 91280, 99104, 107504, 115904, 124304, 132128, 140528,
|
|
148928, 157328, 165152, 173552, 181952, 190352, 198176, 206576, 214976,
|
|
223376, 231200, 239600, 248000, 256400, 264224, 272624, 281024, 289424,
|
|
297248, 305648, 314048, 322448, 330272, 338672, 347072, 355472, 363296,
|
|
371696, 380096, 388496, 396320, 404720, 413120, 421520,
|
|
newfs: ioctl (WDINFO): Invalid argument
|
|
newfs: /dev/sd1a: can't rewrite disk label
|
|
.disp)
|
|
You can ignore the
|
|
.Pa Sq "not a character-special device" ,
|
|
.Pa Sq "sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated" ,
|
|
.Pa Sq "ioctl (WDINFO): Invalid argument" ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa Sq "can't rewrite disk label"
|
|
warnings.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Now you need to mount your destination root partition:
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mount /dev/wd0a /mnt"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Make an
|
|
.Pa fstab
|
|
file for your new system (right now, you only really need to include
|
|
.Pa / No ,
|
|
.Pa /usr No ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa swap No ),
|
|
for example:
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mkdir /mnt/etc"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cat \*> /mnt/etc/fstab"
|
|
.Dl "/dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1"
|
|
.Dl "/dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0"
|
|
.Dl "/dev/wd0g /usr ffs rw 1 2"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you mess up while typing, you can press
|
|
.Key CONTROL-U
|
|
to erase everything on the current line, or
|
|
.Key CONTROL-C
|
|
to cancel the file creation, so you can start over.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Great, now create the mountpoints for the filesystems you listed in the
|
|
.Pa fstab No Ns :
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mkdir /mnt/usr"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Clean up and return to
|
|
.Ic sysinst :
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cd /;umount /mnt"
|
|
.Dl # Ic exit
|
|
.\}
|
|
.It
|
|
.To 2 "Installation drive selection and parameters"
|
|
.Em Installation drive selection and parameters
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To start the
|
|
.if r_macppc \{\
|
|
installation onto a dedicated
|
|
.Nx
|
|
drive,
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if !r_macppc installation,
|
|
select
|
|
.Me Install NetBSD to hard disk
|
|
from the main menu.
|
|
.if r_macppc \{\
|
|
To start the installation onto a drive which will
|
|
also be used with
|
|
.Tn MacOS ,
|
|
select
|
|
.Me Re-install sets or install additional sets
|
|
from the main menu.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The first thing is to identify the disk on which you want to
|
|
install
|
|
.Nx .
|
|
.Ic sysinst
|
|
will report a list of disks it finds
|
|
and ask you for your selection. Depending on how many disks
|
|
are found, you may get a different message. You should see
|
|
disk names like
|
|
.ie r_pmax \{\
|
|
.Li rz0
|
|
or
|
|
.Li rz1
|
|
.\}
|
|
.el \{\
|
|
.if \n[alpha]:\n[i386]:\n[macppc] \{\
|
|
.Li wd0 ,
|
|
.Li wd1 ,
|
|
.\}
|
|
.Li sd0
|
|
or
|
|
.Li sd1 .
|
|
.if r_i386 \{\
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ic sysinst
|
|
next tries to figure out the real and BIOS geometry
|
|
of your disk. It will present you with the values it found,
|
|
if any, and will give you a chance to change them.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.if r_i386 \{\
|
|
Next, depending on whether you are using a
|
|
.Li wd Ns Ar X
|
|
or
|
|
.Li sd Ns Ar X
|
|
disk,
|
|
you will either be asked for the type of disk
|
|
.Pq Li wd Ns Ar X
|
|
you are
|
|
using or you will be asked if you want to specify a fake geometry
|
|
for your SCSI disk
|
|
.Pq Li sd Ns Ar X .
|
|
The types of disk are be
|
|
.Tn IDE, ST-506
|
|
or
|
|
.Tn ESDI .
|
|
If you're installing on an
|
|
.Tn ST-506
|
|
or
|
|
.Tn ESDI
|
|
drive, you'll be asked if your disk supports automatic sector forwarding.
|
|
If you are
|
|
.Em sure
|
|
that it does, reply affirmatively. Otherwise, the install
|
|
program will automatically reserve space for bad144 tables.
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if r_macppc \{\
|
|
If
|
|
.Ic sysinst
|
|
reports
|
|
.Dl "I can not find any hard disk for use by NetBSD"
|
|
or the drive you wish to install onto is missing, then you should look at
|
|
the FAQ entry
|
|
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/faq.html#nodisk
|
|
.\}
|
|
.\}
|
|
.It
|
|
.To 2 "Partitioning the disk"
|
|
.Em Partitioning the disk
|
|
.if r_macppc \{\
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You can skip a few steps, down to
|
|
.Em Sq "Getting the distribution sets" ,
|
|
if you are installing onto a drive that will be used with
|
|
.Tn MacOS
|
|
(i.e. you selected
|
|
.Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets"
|
|
from the main menu).
|
|
.\}
|
|
.(bullet
|
|
.if !r_macppc \{\
|
|
Which portion of the disk to use.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You will be asked if you want to use the entire disk or
|
|
only part of the disk. If you decide to use the entire disk
|
|
for
|
|
.Nx ,
|
|
it will be checked if there are already other
|
|
systems present on the disk, and you will be asked to confirm
|
|
whether you want to overwrite these.
|
|
.if r_i386 \{\
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you want to use the entire disk for
|
|
.Nx ,
|
|
you can skip
|
|
the following section and go to
|
|
.Em "Editing the NetBSD disklabel" .
|
|
.It
|
|
.Em "Editing the Master Boot Record"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
First, you will be prompted to specify the units of size
|
|
that you want to express the sizes of the partitions in.
|
|
You can either pick megabytes, cylinders or sectors.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
After this, you will be presented with the current values
|
|
stored in the MBR, and will be given the opportunity to
|
|
change, create or delete partitions. For each partition
|
|
you can set the type, the start and the size. Setting the type to
|
|
.Ic unused
|
|
will delete a partition. You can
|
|
also mark a partition as active, meaning that this is
|
|
the one that the BIOS will start from at boot time.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Be sure to mark the partition you want to boot from as active!
|
|
.Pp
|
|
After you are done editing the MBR, a sanity check
|
|
will be done, checking for partitions that overlap.
|
|
Depending on the BIOS capabilities of your machine and the
|
|
parameters of the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
partition you have specified, you
|
|
may also be asked if you want to install newer bootcode in
|
|
your MBR. If you have multiple operating systems on the
|
|
disk that you are installing on, you will also be given
|
|
the option to install a bootselector, that will allow you
|
|
to pick the operating system to start up when your computer
|
|
is (re-)started.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If everything is ok, you can go on to the next step,
|
|
editing the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
disklabel.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.\}
|
|
.It
|
|
.\} \" !r_macppc
|
|
.Em Editing the NetBSD disklabel
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The partition table of the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
part of a disk is called a
|
|
.Em disklabel .
|
|
.if r_macppc \{\
|
|
In actuality,
|
|
.Nx*M
|
|
uses an Apple Partition Map. The installer creates something like a real
|
|
Apple Partition Map, but it is not compatible with
|
|
.Tn MacOS ,
|
|
which is one of the reasons why you cannot use this installer to partition
|
|
a disk that can be used with
|
|
.Tn MacOS .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.\}
|
|
.if r_sparc \{\
|
|
.Nx
|
|
disklabels on \*M are compatible with the boot ROMs, and with
|
|
.Tn SunOS
|
|
and
|
|
.Tn Solaris .
|
|
.\}
|
|
There are 3 layouts for the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
part of the disk that you can pick from:
|
|
.Ic Standard, Standard with X
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic Custom .
|
|
The first two use a set of default
|
|
values (that you can change) suitable for a normal
|
|
installation, possibly including X. The last option
|
|
lets you specify everything yourself.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You will be presented with the current layout of the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
disklabel, and given a chance to change it.
|
|
For each partition, you can set the type, offset and size,
|
|
block and fragment size, and the mount point. The type
|
|
that
|
|
.Nx
|
|
uses for normal file storage is called
|
|
.Sy 4.2BSD .
|
|
A swap partition has a special type called
|
|
.Sy swap .
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.ie r_i386 \{\
|
|
.
|
|
You can also specify a partition as type
|
|
.Sy MSDOS .
|
|
This is useful if you share the disk with
|
|
.Tn MS-DOS
|
|
or
|
|
.Tn Windows ;
|
|
.Nx
|
|
is able to access the files on these partitions.
|
|
You can use the values from the MBR for the
|
|
.Tn MS-DOS
|
|
part of the disk to specify the partition of type
|
|
.Sy MSDOS
|
|
(you don't have to do this now, you can always re-edit
|
|
the disklabel to add this once you have installed
|
|
.Nx ).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.ds usrpart e
|
|
.\}
|
|
.el .ie r_macppc \{\
|
|
.ds usrpart g
|
|
.\}
|
|
.el \{\
|
|
.ds usrpart d
|
|
.\}
|
|
Some partitions in the disklabel have a fixed purpose.
|
|
.(tag 6n -offset indent
|
|
.It Li a
|
|
Root partition.
|
|
.Pq Pa / ,
|
|
.It Li b
|
|
Swap partition.
|
|
.It Li c
|
|
.if r_i386 \{\
|
|
The
|
|
.Nx
|
|
portion of the disk.
|
|
.It Li d
|
|
.\}
|
|
The entire disk.
|
|
.ie r_macppc \{\
|
|
.It Li d-h
|
|
.\}
|
|
.el \{\
|
|
.It Li \*[usrpart]-h
|
|
.\}
|
|
Available for other use.
|
|
Traditionally,
|
|
.Li \*[usrpart]
|
|
is the partition mounted on
|
|
.Pa /usr ,
|
|
but this is historical practice and not a fixed value.
|
|
.tag)
|
|
.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The
|
|
default response is
|
|
.Sy mydisk .
|
|
For most purposes this will be OK.
|
|
If you choose to name it something different, make sure the name
|
|
is a single word and contains no special characters. You don't
|
|
need to remember this name.
|
|
.bullet)
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.Pp
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.It
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.To 2 "Preparing your hard disk"
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.Em Preparing your hard disk
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.Pp
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.Em "You are now at the point of no return".
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Nothing has been
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written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to
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install
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.Nx ,
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your hard drive will be modified. If you are
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sure you want to proceed, enter
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.Li yes
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at the prompt.
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.Pp
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The install program will now label your disk and make the file
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systems you specified. The file systems will be initialized to
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contain
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.Nx
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bootstrapping binaries and configuration files.
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You will see messages on your screen from the various
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.Nx
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disk preparation tools that are running. There should be no
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errors in this section of the installation. If there are,
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restart from the beginning of the installation process.
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Otherwise, you can continue the installation program
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after pressing the return key.
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.if r_i386 \{\
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.Pp
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.(Note
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In previous versions of
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.Nx ,
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the kernel from the
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install floppy was copied onto the hard drive in a special
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step. In the current install system, the kernel on the floppy is
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unsuited to being copied onto the hard drive. Instead, a new set,
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.Sy kern ,
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has been added which contains a generic kernel to
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be unloaded onto the drive. So, you can not boot from your
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hard drive yet at this point.
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.Note)
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.\}
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.if r_macppc \{\
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.Pp
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.(Note
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The bootstrapping code installed in this step will
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.Em not
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boot a machine with Open Firmware 3. You will still need to have
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.Pa ofwboot.xcf
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on an HFS or HFS+ partition.
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.Note)
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.\}
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.It
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.To 2 "Getting the distribution sets"
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.Em Getting the distribution sets
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.if r_i386 \{\
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.(pcmcia
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.
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Load a kernel tar file (i.e. the
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.Pa kern.tgz
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set file)
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on to your hard disk, for example by mounting the
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hard disk first, copying the
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.Pa kern.tgz
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file from floppy and unpacking it. Example:
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.Pp
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.Dl # Ic "mount /dev/wd0a /mnt"
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.Dl # Ic "cd /mnt"
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.Pp
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.D1 Em "repeat the following 3 steps until all kern.* files are there"
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.Dl # Ic "mount -t msdos /dev/fd0a /mnt2"
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.Dl # Ic "cp /mnt2/kern.* ."
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.Dl # Ic "umount /mnt2"
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.Dl # Ic "cat kern.* \&| tar zxpvf -"
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.Pp
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Then halt the machine using the
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.Ic halt
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command. Power
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the machine down, and re-insert all the
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.Tn PCMCIA
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devices.
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Remove any floppy from the floppy drive.
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Start the machine up. After booting
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.Nx ,
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you will
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be presented with the main
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.Ic sysinst
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menu. Choose the
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option to re-install sets. Wait for the file system
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checks that it will do to finish, and then proceed
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as described below.
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.pcmcia)
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.\}
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.Pp
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The
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.Nx
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distribution consists of a number of
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.Em sets ,
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that come in the form of gzipped tarfiles. A few sets must be
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installed for a working system, others are optional. At this
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point of the installation, you will be presented with a menu
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which enables you to choose from one of the following methods
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of installing the sets. Some of these methods will first
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load the sets on your hard disk, others will extract the sets
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directly.
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.Pp
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For all these methods, the first step is making the sets
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available for extraction, and then do the actual installation.
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The sets can be made available in a few different ways. The
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following sections describe each of those methods. After
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reading the one about the method you will be using, you
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can continue to section labeled
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.Sq Extracting the distribution sets .
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.It
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.To 2 "Installation using ftp"
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.Em Installation using ftp
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.Pp
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To be able to install using ftp, you first need to configure
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your network setup, if you haven't already at the start of
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the install procedure.
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.Ic sysinst
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will do this for you, asking you
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to provide some data, like IP address, hostname, etc. If you
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do not have name service set up for the machine that you
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are installing on, you can just press
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.Key RETURN
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in answer to these questions, and DNS will not be used.
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.Pp
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You will also be asked to specify the host that you want
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to transfer the sets from, the directory on that host,
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the account name and password used to log into that
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host using ftp, and optionally a proxy server to use.
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If you did not set up DNS when answering
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the questions to configure networking, you will need to
|
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specify an IP address instead of a hostname for the ftp
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|
server.
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.Pp
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.Ic sysinst
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|
will proceed to transfer all the default set files
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from the remote site to your hard disk.
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.It
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|
.To 2 "Installation using NFS"
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|
.Em Installation using NFS
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|
.Pp
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|
To be able to install using NFS, you first need to configure
|
|
your network setup, if you haven't already at the start of
|
|
the install procedure.
|
|
.Ic sysinst
|
|
will do this for you, asking you
|
|
to provide some data, like IP address, hostname, etc. If you
|
|
do not have name service set up for the machine that you
|
|
are installing on, you can just press
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.Key RETURN
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|
in answer to these questions, and DNS will not be used.
|
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.Pp
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You will also be asked to specify the host that you want
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|
to transfer the sets from, and the directory on that host
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|
that the files are in. This directory should be mountable
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by the machine you are installing on, i.e. correctly
|
|
exported to your machine.
|
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.Pp
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|
If you did not set up DNS when answering the questions to
|
|
configure networking, you will need to specify an IP address
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instead of a hostname for the NFS server.
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.It
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.To 2 "Installation from CD-ROM"
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.Em Installation from CD-ROM
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.Pp
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|
When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked to specify
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|
the device name for your CD-ROM player
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|
.Pq usually Li cd0 ,
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|
and the directory name on the CD-ROM where the distribution files are.
|
|
.Pp
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.Ic sysinst
|
|
will then check if the files are indeed available
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|
in the specified location, and proceed to the actual
|
|
extraction of the sets.
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.if r_i386 \{\
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|
.It
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|
.To 2 "Installation from a floppy set"
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|
.Em Installation from a floppy set
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|
.Pp
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|
Because the installation sets are too big to fit on one floppy,
|
|
the floppies are expected to be filled with the split set
|
|
files. The floppies are expected to be in
|
|
.Tn MS-DOS
|
|
format. You will be asked for a directory where the sets
|
|
should be reassembled. Then you will be prompted to insert
|
|
the floppies containing the split sets. This process
|
|
will continue until all the sets have been loaded from floppy.
|
|
.\}
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.It
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|
.To 2 "Installation from an unmounted file system"
|
|
.Em Installation from an unmounted file system
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|
.Pp
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|
In order to install from a local file system, you will
|
|
need to specify the device that the file system resides
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|
on
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.ie r_pmax .Pq for example Li rz1e
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|
.el .Pq for example Li sd1e
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|
the type of the file system,
|
|
and the directory on the specified file system where the sets are located.
|
|
.Ic sysinst
|
|
will then check if it
|
|
can indeed access the sets at that location.
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.if r_macppc \{\
|
|
Remember,
|
|
.Nx*M
|
|
doesn't grok HFS or HFS+ partitions
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|
.\}
|
|
.It
|
|
.To 2 "Installation from a local directory"
|
|
.Em Installation from a local directory
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|
.Pp
|
|
This option assumes that you have already done some preparation
|
|
yourself. The sets should be located in a directory on a
|
|
file system that is already accessible.
|
|
.Ic sysinst
|
|
will ask you
|
|
for the name of this directory.
|
|
.It
|
|
.To 2 "Extracting the distribution sets"
|
|
.Em Extracting the distribution sets
|
|
.Pp
|
|
After the install sets containing the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
distribution
|
|
have been made available, you can either extract all the
|
|
sets (a full installation), or only extract sets that
|
|
you have selected. In the latter case, you will be shown the
|
|
currently selected sets, and given the opportunity to select
|
|
the sets you want. Some sets always need to be installed
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|
.Pq Sy kern, base No and Sy etc
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|
they will not be shown in this selection menu.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Before extraction begins, you can elect to watch the files being
|
|
extracted; the name of each file that is extracted will be shown.
|
|
This can slow down the installation process considerably, especially
|
|
on machines with slow graphics consoles or serial consoles.
|
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.Pp
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|
.ie r_macppc \{\
|
|
If you are installing using the
|
|
.Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets"
|
|
option, then you will need to create the device nodes in
|
|
.Pa /dev ,
|
|
otherwise,
|
|
.\}
|
|
.el After all the files have been extracted,
|
|
all the necessary device node files will be created. If you have already
|
|
configured networking, you will be asked if you want to
|
|
use this configuration for normal operation. If so, these
|
|
values will be installed in the network configuration files.
|
|
The next menu will allow you to select the time zone that you're in,
|
|
to make sure your clock has the right offset from UTC.
|
|
Finally you can set a password for the "root" account, to prevent
|
|
the machine coming up without access restrictions.
|
|
.if r_macppc \{\
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.It
|
|
.To 2 "Making the device nodes"
|
|
.Em Making the device nodes
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you are installing using the
|
|
.Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets"
|
|
option, then you will need to create the device nodes in
|
|
.Pa /dev
|
|
now. Otherwise, skip this step.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Go to the main installation menu, and select
|
|
.Me "Utility menu"
|
|
and then select the
|
|
.Me "Run /bin/sh"
|
|
option, which will give you a shell prompt.
|
|
You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key
|
|
to work properly, depending on your keyboard:
|
|
.Dl # Ic "stty erase '^h'"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "stty erase '^?'"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Type the following command (replacing
|
|
.Pa wd0a
|
|
with the partition name of your destination root partition):
|
|
Now you need to mount your destination root partition:
|
|
.Dl # Ic "mount /dev/wd0a /mnt"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cd /mnt/dev"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "sh MAKEDEV all"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "cd /;umount /mnt"
|
|
.Dl # Ic "exit"
|
|
.\}
|
|
.It
|
|
.To 2 "Finalizing your installation"
|
|
.Em Finalizing your installation
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Congratulations, you have successfully installed
|
|
.Nx \*V .
|
|
.if !r_macppc \{\
|
|
You can now reboot the machine, and boot
|
|
.Nx
|
|
from harddisk.
|
|
.\} \" !r_macppc
|
|
.enum)
|