828 lines
21 KiB
Groff
828 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: mtree.8,v 1.76 2020/06/16 14:26:39 wiz Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2004 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
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.\" by Luke Mewburn of Wasabi Systems.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)mtree.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
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.\"
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.Dd June 16, 2020
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.Dt MTREE 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm mtree
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.Nd map a directory hierarchy
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl bCcDdejLlMnPqrStUuWx
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.Op Fl i | Fl m
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.Op Fl E Ar tags
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.Op Fl F Ar flavor
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.Op Fl f Ar spec
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.Op Fl I Ar tags
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.Op Fl K Ar keywords
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.Op Fl k Ar keywords
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.Op Fl N Ar dbdir
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.Op Fl O Ar onlyfile
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.Op Fl p Ar path
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.Op Fl R Ar keywords
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.Op Fl s Ar seed
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.Op Fl X Ar exclude-file
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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|
The
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.Nm
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|
utility compares a file hierarchy against a specification,
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creates a specification for a file hierarchy, or modifies
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|
a specification.
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.Pp
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|
The default action, if not overridden by command line options,
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|
is to compare the file hierarchy rooted in the current directory
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|
against a specification read from the standard input.
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|
Messages are written to the standard output for any files whose
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|
characteristics do not match the specification, or which are
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|
missing from either the file hierarchy or the specification.
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|
.Pp
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|
The options are as follows:
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|
.Bl -tag -width Xxxexcludexfilexx
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.It Fl b
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|
Suppress blank lines before entering and after exiting directories.
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|
.It Fl C
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|
Convert a specification into
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|
a format that's easier to parse with various tools.
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|
The input specification is read from standard input or
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from the file given by
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.Fl f Ar spec .
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|
In the output, each file or directory is represented using a single line
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(which might be very long).
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|
The full path name
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(beginning with
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.Dq \&./ )
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is always printed as the first field;
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.Fl K ,
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.Fl k ,
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and
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.Fl R
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can be used to control which other keywords are printed;
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.Fl E
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and
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.Fl I
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can be used to control which files are printed;
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and the
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.Fl S
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option can be used to sort the output.
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.It Fl c
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Print a specification for the file hierarchy originating at
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the current working directory (or the directory provided by
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.Fl p Ar path )
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to the standard output.
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The output is in a style using relative path names.
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.It Fl D
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As per
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.Fl C ,
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except that the path name is always printed as the last field instead of
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the first.
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.It Fl d
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Ignore everything except directory type files.
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.It Fl E Ar tags
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Add the comma separated tags to the
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.Dq exclusion
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list.
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Non-directories with tags which are in the exclusion list are not printed with
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.Fl C
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and
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.Fl D .
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.It Fl e
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Don't complain about files that are in the file hierarchy, but not in the
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specification.
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.It Fl F Ar flavor
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Set the compatibility flavor of the
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.Nm
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utility.
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The
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.Ar flavor
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can be one of
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.Sy mtree ,
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.Sy freebsd9 ,
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or
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.Sy netbsd6 .
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The default is
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.Sy mtree .
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The
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.Sy freebsd9
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and
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.Sy netbsd6
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flavors attempt to preserve output compatibility and command line option
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backward compatibility with
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.Fx 9.0
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and
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.Nx 6.0
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respectively.
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.It Fl f Ar spec
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Read the specification from
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.Ar file ,
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instead of from the standard input.
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.Pp
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If this option is specified twice, the two specifications are compared
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to each other rather than to the file hierarchy.
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The specifications will be sorted like output generated using
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.Fl c .
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The output format in this case is somewhat reminiscent of
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.Xr comm 1 ,
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having "in first spec only", "in second spec only", and "different"
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columns, prefixed by zero, one and two TAB characters respectively.
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Each entry in the "different" column occupies two lines, one from each
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specification.
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.It Fl I Ar tags
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Add the comma separated tags to the
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.Dq inclusion
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list.
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Non-directories with tags which are in the inclusion list are printed with
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.Fl C
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and
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.Fl D .
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If no inclusion list is provided, the default is to display all files.
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.It Fl i
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If specified, set the schg and/or sappnd flags.
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.It Fl j
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Indent the output 4 spaces each time a directory level is descended when
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creating a specification with the
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.Fl c
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option.
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This does not affect either the /set statements or the comment before each
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directory.
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It does however affect the comment before the close of each directory.
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This is the equivalent of the
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.Fl i
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option in the
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.Fx
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version of
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.Nm .
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.It Fl K Ar keywords
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Add the specified (whitespace or comma separated) keywords to the current
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set of keywords.
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If
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.Ql all
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is specified, add all of the other keywords.
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.It Fl k Ar keywords
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Use the
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.Sy type
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keyword plus the specified (whitespace or comma separated)
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|
keywords instead of the current set of keywords.
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If
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.Ql all
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is specified, use all of the other keywords.
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|
If the
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.Sy type
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keyword is not desired, suppress it with
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.Fl R Ar type .
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.It Fl L
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Follow all symbolic links in the file hierarchy.
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|
.It Fl l
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|
Do
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.Dq loose
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|
permissions checks, in which more stringent permissions
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|
will match less stringent ones.
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|
For example, a file marked mode 0444
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will pass a check for mode 0644.
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.Dq Loose
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checks apply only to read, write and execute permissions \(em in
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|
particular, if other bits like the sticky bit or suid/sgid bits are
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set either in the specification or the file, exact checking will be
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|
performed.
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|
This option may not be set at the same time as the
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.Fl U
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or
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.Fl u
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option.
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.It Fl M
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|
Permit merging of specification entries with different types,
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|
with the last entry taking precedence.
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|
.It Fl m
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|
If the schg and/or sappnd flags are specified, reset these flags.
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|
Note that this is only possible with securelevel less than 1 (i.e.,
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|
in single user mode or while the system is running in insecure
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|
mode).
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|
See
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|
.Xr init 8
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|
for information on security levels.
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|
.It Fl n
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|
Do not emit pathname comments when creating a specification.
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|
Normally
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|
a comment is emitted before each directory and before the close of that
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|
directory when using the
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.Fl c
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|
option.
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|
.It Fl N Ar dbdir
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|
Use the user database text file
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|
.Pa master.passwd
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|
and group database text file
|
|
.Pa group
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|
from
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|
.Ar dbdir ,
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|
rather than using the results from the system's
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|
.Xr getpwnam 3
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|
and
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|
.Xr getgrnam 3
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|
(and related) library calls.
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|
.It Fl O Ar onlypaths
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|
Only include files included in this list of pathnames.
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|
.It Fl P
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|
Don't follow symbolic links in the file hierarchy, instead consider
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|
the symbolic link itself in any comparisons.
|
|
This is the default.
|
|
.It Fl p Ar path
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|
Use the file hierarchy rooted in
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|
.Ar path ,
|
|
instead of the current directory.
|
|
.It Fl q
|
|
Quiet mode.
|
|
Do not complain when a
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|
.Dq missing
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|
directory cannot be created because it already exists.
|
|
This occurs when the directory is a symbolic link.
|
|
.It Fl R Ar keywords
|
|
Remove the specified (whitespace or comma separated) keywords from the current
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|
set of keywords.
|
|
If
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|
.Ql all
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|
is specified, remove all of the other keywords.
|
|
.It Fl r
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|
Remove any files in the file hierarchy that are not described in the
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|
specification.
|
|
Repeating the flag more than once will attempt to reset all the
|
|
file flags via
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|
.Xr lchflags 2
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|
before attempting to remove the file in case the file was immutable.
|
|
.It Fl S
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|
When reading a specification into an internal data structure,
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|
sort the entries.
|
|
Sorting will affect the order of the output produced by the
|
|
.Fl C
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|
or
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|
.Fl D
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|
options, and will also affect the order in which
|
|
missing entries are created or reported when a directory tree is checked
|
|
against a specification.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The sort order is the same as that used by the
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
option, which is that entries within the same directory are
|
|
sorted in the order used by
|
|
.Xr strcmp 3 ,
|
|
except that entries for subdirectories sort after other entries.
|
|
By default, if the
|
|
.Fl S
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|
option is not used, entries within the same directory are collected
|
|
together (separated from entries for other directories), but not sorted.
|
|
.It Fl s Ar seed
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|
Display a single checksum to the standard error output that represents all
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|
of the files for which the keyword
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|
.Sy cksum
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|
was specified.
|
|
The checksum is seeded with the specified value.
|
|
.It Fl t
|
|
Modify the modified time of existing files, the device type of devices, and
|
|
symbolic link targets, to match the specification.
|
|
.It Fl U
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|
Same as
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
except that a mismatch is not considered to be an error if it was corrected.
|
|
.It Fl u
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|
Modify the owner, group, permissions, and flags of existing files,
|
|
the device type of devices, and symbolic link targets,
|
|
to match the specification.
|
|
Create any missing directories, devices or symbolic links.
|
|
User, group, and permissions must all be specified for missing directories
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|
to be created.
|
|
Note that unless the
|
|
.Fl i
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|
option is given, the schg and sappnd flags will not be set, even if
|
|
specified.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fl m
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|
is given, these flags will be reset.
|
|
Exit with a status of 0 on success,
|
|
2 if the file hierarchy did not match the specification, and
|
|
1 if any other error occurred.
|
|
.It Fl W
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|
Don't attempt to set various file attributes such as the
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|
ownership, mode, flags, or time
|
|
when creating new directories or changing existing entries.
|
|
This option will be most useful when used in conjunction with
|
|
.Fl U
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|
or
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|
.Fl u .
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|
.It Fl X Ar exclude-file
|
|
The specified file contains
|
|
.Xr fnmatch 3
|
|
patterns matching files to be excluded from
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|
the specification, one to a line.
|
|
If the pattern contains a
|
|
.Ql \&/
|
|
character, it will be matched against entire pathnames (relative to
|
|
the starting directory); otherwise,
|
|
it will be matched against basenames only.
|
|
Comments are permitted in
|
|
the
|
|
.Ar exclude-file
|
|
file.
|
|
.It Fl x
|
|
Don't descend below mount points in the file hierarchy.
|
|
.El
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.Pp
|
|
Specifications are mostly composed of
|
|
.Dq keywords ,
|
|
i.e. strings that
|
|
that specify values relating to files.
|
|
No keywords have default values, and if a keyword has no value set, no
|
|
checks based on it are performed.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Currently supported keywords are as follows:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width sha384digestxx
|
|
.It Sy cksum
|
|
The checksum of the file using the default algorithm specified by
|
|
the
|
|
.Xr cksum 1
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|
utility.
|
|
.It Sy device
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|
The device number to use for
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|
.Sy block
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|
or
|
|
.Sy char
|
|
file types.
|
|
The argument must be one of the following forms:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 4n
|
|
.It Ar format , Ns Ar major , Ns Ar minor
|
|
A device with
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|
.Ar major
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|
and
|
|
.Ar minor
|
|
fields, for an operating system specified with
|
|
.Ar format .
|
|
See below for valid formats.
|
|
.It Ar format , Ns Ar major , Ns Ar unit , Ns Ar subunit
|
|
A device with
|
|
.Ar major ,
|
|
.Ar unit ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar subunit
|
|
fields, for an operating system specified with
|
|
.Ar format .
|
|
(Currently this is only supported by the
|
|
.Sy bsdos
|
|
format.)
|
|
.It Ar number
|
|
Opaque number (as stored on the file system).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following values for
|
|
.Ar format
|
|
are recognized:
|
|
.Sy native ,
|
|
.Sy 386bsd ,
|
|
.Sy 4bsd ,
|
|
.Sy bsdos ,
|
|
.Sy freebsd ,
|
|
.Sy hpux ,
|
|
.Sy isc ,
|
|
.Sy linux ,
|
|
.Sy netbsd ,
|
|
.Sy osf1 ,
|
|
.Sy sco ,
|
|
.Sy solaris ,
|
|
.Sy sunos ,
|
|
.Sy svr3 ,
|
|
.Sy svr4 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy ultrix .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr mknod 8
|
|
for more details.
|
|
.It Sy flags
|
|
The file flags as a symbolic name.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr chflags 1
|
|
for information on these names.
|
|
If no flags are to be set the string
|
|
.Ql none
|
|
may be used to override the current default.
|
|
Note that the schg and sappnd flags are treated specially (see the
|
|
.Fl i
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
options).
|
|
.It Sy ignore
|
|
Ignore any file hierarchy below this file.
|
|
.It Sy gid
|
|
The file group as a numeric value.
|
|
.It Sy gname
|
|
The file group as a symbolic name.
|
|
.It Sy link
|
|
The file the symbolic link is expected to reference.
|
|
.It Sy md5
|
|
The
|
|
.Tn MD5
|
|
cryptographic message digest of the file.
|
|
.It Sy md5digest
|
|
Synonym for
|
|
.Sy md5 .
|
|
.It Sy mode
|
|
The current file's permissions as a numeric (octal) or symbolic
|
|
value.
|
|
.It Sy nlink
|
|
The number of hard links the file is expected to have.
|
|
.It Sy nochange
|
|
Make sure this file or directory exists but otherwise ignore all attributes.
|
|
.It Sy optional
|
|
The file is optional; don't complain about the file if it's
|
|
not in the file hierarchy.
|
|
.It Sy ripemd160digest
|
|
Synonym for
|
|
.Sy rmd160 .
|
|
.It Sy rmd160
|
|
The
|
|
.Tn RMD-160
|
|
cryptographic message digest of the file.
|
|
.It Sy rmd160digest
|
|
Synonym for
|
|
.Sy rmd160 .
|
|
.It Sy sha1
|
|
The
|
|
.Tn SHA-1
|
|
cryptographic message digest of the file.
|
|
.It Sy sha1digest
|
|
Synonym for
|
|
.Sy sha1 .
|
|
.It Sy sha256
|
|
The 256-bits
|
|
.Tn SHA-2
|
|
cryptographic message digest of the file.
|
|
.It Sy sha256digest
|
|
Synonym for
|
|
.Sy sha256 .
|
|
.It Sy sha384
|
|
The 384-bits
|
|
.Tn SHA-2
|
|
cryptographic message digest of the file.
|
|
.It Sy sha384digest
|
|
Synonym for
|
|
.Sy sha384 .
|
|
.It Sy sha512
|
|
The 512-bits
|
|
.Tn SHA-2
|
|
cryptographic message digest of the file.
|
|
.It Sy sha512digest
|
|
Synonym for
|
|
.Sy sha512 .
|
|
.It Sy size
|
|
The size, in bytes, of the file.
|
|
.It Sy tags
|
|
Comma delimited tags to be matched with
|
|
.Fl E
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl I .
|
|
These may be specified without leading or trailing commas, but will be
|
|
stored internally with them.
|
|
.It Sy time
|
|
The last modification time of the file,
|
|
in second and nanoseconds.
|
|
The value should include a period character and exactly nine digits after
|
|
the period.
|
|
.It Sy type
|
|
The type of the file; may be set to any one of the following:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Sy -compact
|
|
.It Sy block
|
|
block special device
|
|
.It Sy char
|
|
character special device
|
|
.It Sy dir
|
|
directory
|
|
.It Sy fifo
|
|
fifo
|
|
.It Sy file
|
|
regular file
|
|
.It Sy link
|
|
symbolic link
|
|
.It Sy socket
|
|
socket
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Sy uid
|
|
The file owner as a numeric value.
|
|
.It Sy uname
|
|
The file owner as a symbolic name.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default set of keywords are
|
|
.Sy flags ,
|
|
.Sy gid ,
|
|
.Sy link ,
|
|
.Sy mode ,
|
|
.Sy nlink ,
|
|
.Sy size ,
|
|
.Sy time ,
|
|
.Sy type ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy uid .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
There are four types of lines in a specification:
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Set global values for a keyword.
|
|
This consists of the string
|
|
.Ql /set
|
|
followed by whitespace, followed by sets of keyword/value
|
|
pairs, separated by whitespace.
|
|
Keyword/value pairs consist of a keyword, followed by an equals sign
|
|
.Pq Ql = ,
|
|
followed by a value, without whitespace characters.
|
|
Once a keyword has been set, its value remains unchanged until either
|
|
reset or unset.
|
|
.It
|
|
Unset global values for a keyword.
|
|
This consists of the string
|
|
.Ql /unset ,
|
|
followed by whitespace, followed by one or more keywords,
|
|
separated by whitespace.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ql all
|
|
is specified, unset all of the keywords.
|
|
.It
|
|
A file specification, consisting of a path name, followed by whitespace,
|
|
followed by zero or more whitespace separated keyword/value pairs.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The path name may be preceded by whitespace characters.
|
|
The path name may contain any of the standard path name matching
|
|
characters
|
|
.Po
|
|
.Ql \&[ ,
|
|
.Ql \&] ,
|
|
.Ql \&?
|
|
or
|
|
.Ql *
|
|
.Pc ,
|
|
in which case files
|
|
in the hierarchy will be associated with the first pattern that
|
|
they match.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
uses
|
|
.Xr strsvis 3
|
|
(in
|
|
.Dv VIS_OCTAL
|
|
format) to encode path names containing
|
|
non-printable characters.
|
|
Whitespace characters are encoded as
|
|
.Ql \e040
|
|
(space),
|
|
.Ql \e011
|
|
(tab), and
|
|
.Ql \e012
|
|
(new line).
|
|
When flavor
|
|
.Sy netbsd6
|
|
is selected,
|
|
.Xr strsvis 3
|
|
(in
|
|
.Dv VIS_CSTYLE
|
|
format) is used and whitespace characters are encoded as
|
|
.Ql \es
|
|
(space),
|
|
.Ql \et
|
|
(tab), and
|
|
.Ql \en
|
|
(new line).
|
|
.Ql #
|
|
characters in path names are escaped by a preceding backslash
|
|
.Ql \e
|
|
to distinguish them from comments.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Each of the keyword/value pairs consist of a keyword, followed by an
|
|
equals sign
|
|
.Pq Ql = ,
|
|
followed by the keyword's value, without
|
|
whitespace characters.
|
|
These values override, without changing, the global value of the
|
|
corresponding keyword.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The first path name entry listed must be a directory named
|
|
.Ql \&. ,
|
|
as this ensures that intermixing full and relative path names will
|
|
work consistently and correctly.
|
|
Multiple entries for a directory named
|
|
.Ql \&.
|
|
are permitted; the settings for the last such entry override those
|
|
of the existing entry.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A path name that contains a slash
|
|
.Pq Ql /
|
|
that is not the first character will be treated as a full path
|
|
(relative to the root of the tree).
|
|
All parent directories referenced in the path name must exist.
|
|
The current directory path used by relative path names will be updated
|
|
appropriately.
|
|
Multiple entries for the same full path are permitted if the types
|
|
are the same (unless
|
|
.Fl M
|
|
is given, in which case the types may differ);
|
|
in this case the settings for the last entry take precedence.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A path name that does not contain a slash will be treated as a relative path.
|
|
Specifying a directory will cause subsequent files to be searched
|
|
for in that directory hierarchy.
|
|
.It
|
|
A line containing only the string
|
|
.Ql \&..
|
|
which causes the current directory path (used by relative paths)
|
|
to ascend one level.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Empty lines and lines whose first non-whitespace character is a hash
|
|
mark
|
|
.Pq Ql #
|
|
are ignored.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility exits with a status of 0 on success, 1 if any error occurred,
|
|
and 2 if the file hierarchy did not match the specification.
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /etc/mtree -compact
|
|
.It Pa /etc/mtree
|
|
system specification directory
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
To detect system binaries that have been
|
|
.Dq trojan horsed ,
|
|
it is recommended that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
be run on the file systems, and a copy of the results stored on a different
|
|
machine, or, at least, in encrypted form.
|
|
The seed for the
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
option should not be an obvious value and the final checksum should not be
|
|
stored on-line under any circumstances!
|
|
Then, periodically,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
should be run against the on-line specifications and the final checksum
|
|
compared with the previous value.
|
|
While it is possible for the bad guys to change the on-line specifications
|
|
to conform to their modified binaries, it shouldn't be possible for them
|
|
to make it produce the same final checksum value.
|
|
If the final checksum value changes, the off-line copies of the specification
|
|
can be used to detect which of the binaries have actually been modified.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
option can be used in combination with
|
|
.Fl U
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
to create directory hierarchies for, for example, distributions.
|
|
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
|
|
The compatibility shims provided by the
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
option are incomplete by design.
|
|
Known limitations are described below.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy freebsd9
|
|
flavor retains the default handling of lookup failures for the
|
|
.Sy uname
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy group
|
|
keywords by replacing them with appropriate
|
|
.Sy uid
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy gid
|
|
keywords rather than failing and reporting an error.
|
|
The related
|
|
.Fl w
|
|
flag is a no-op rather than causing a warning to be printed and no
|
|
keyword to be emitted.
|
|
The latter behavior is not emulated as it is potentially dangerous in
|
|
the face of /set statements.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy netbsd6
|
|
flavor does not replicate the historical bug that reported time as
|
|
seconds.nanoseconds without zero padding nanosecond values less than
|
|
100000000.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr chflags 1 ,
|
|
.Xr chgrp 1 ,
|
|
.Xr chmod 1 ,
|
|
.Xr cksum 1 ,
|
|
.Xr stat 2 ,
|
|
.Xr fnmatch 3 ,
|
|
.Xr fts 3 ,
|
|
.Xr strsvis 3 ,
|
|
.Xr chown 8 ,
|
|
.Xr mknod 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.3 Reno .
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy optional
|
|
keyword appeared in
|
|
.Nx 1.2 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl U
|
|
option appeared in
|
|
.Nx 1.3 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy flags
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy md5
|
|
keywords, and
|
|
.Fl i
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
options
|
|
appeared in
|
|
.Nx 1.4 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy device ,
|
|
.Sy rmd160 ,
|
|
.Sy sha1 ,
|
|
.Sy tags ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy all
|
|
keywords,
|
|
.Fl D ,
|
|
.Fl E ,
|
|
.Fl I ,
|
|
.Fl L ,
|
|
.Fl l ,
|
|
.Fl N ,
|
|
.Fl P ,
|
|
.Fl R ,
|
|
.Fl W ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl X
|
|
options, and support for full paths appeared in
|
|
.Nx 1.6 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy sha256 ,
|
|
.Sy sha384 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy sha512
|
|
keywords appeared in
|
|
.Nx 3.0 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl S
|
|
option appeared in
|
|
.Nx 6.0 .
|