165 lines
5.3 KiB
Groff
165 lines
5.3 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: ldconfig.8,v 1.11 2000/10/08 09:33:13 bjh21 Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1998 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
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.\" by Paul Kranenburg.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
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.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
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.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd October 8, 2000
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.Dt LDCONFIG 8
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.Os NetBSD
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ldconfig
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.Nd configure the a.out shared library cache
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm ldconfig
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.Op Fl cmrsSv
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.Op Ar directory Ar ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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is used to prepare a set of
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.Dq hints
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for use by the a.out run-time linker
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.Nm ld.so
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to facilitate quick lookup of shared libraries available in multiple
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directories.
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.Nm
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is only available on systems that use the
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.Dq a.out
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format for executables and libraries \(en on ELF systems, all the work
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is done by
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.Nm ld.elf_so .
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.Pp
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By default, it scans a set of built-in system directories,
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directories listed in
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.Pa /etc/ld.so.conf ,
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and any
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.Ar directories
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specified on the command line (in the given order) looking for shared
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libraries and stores the results in the file
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.Pa /var/run/ld.so.hints
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to forestall the overhead that would otherwise result from the
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directory search operations
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.Nm ld.so
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would have to perform to load required shared libraries.
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.Pp
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The shared libraries so found will be automatically available for loading
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if needed by the program being prepared for execution. This obviates the need
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for storing search paths within the executable.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ev LD_LIBRARY_PATH
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environment variable can be used to override the use of
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directories (or the order thereof) from the cache or to specify additional
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directories where shared libraries might be found.
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.Ev LD_LIBRARY_PATH
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is a
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.Sq \:
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separated list of directory paths that are searched by
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.Nm ld.so
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when it needs to load a shared library. It can be viewed as the run-time
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equivalent of the
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.Fl L
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switch of
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.Nm ld .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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is typically run as part of the boot sequence.
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.Pp
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The following options are recognized by
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.Nm ldconfig :
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl c
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Do not scan directories listed in
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.Pa /etc/ld.so.conf
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for shared libraries.
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.It Fl m
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Merge the result of the scan of the directories given as arguments into
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the existing hints file. The default action is to build the hints file afresh.
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.It Fl r
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Lists the current contents of
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.Pa ld.so.hints
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on the standard output. The hints file will not be modified.
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.It Fl s
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Do not scan the built-in system directory
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.Pq Dq /usr/lib ,
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nor any directories listed in
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.Pa /etc/ld.so.conf
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for shared libraries.
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.It Fl S
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Do not scan the built-in system directory
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.Pq Dq /usr/lib ,
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for shared libraries. (Directories listed in
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.Pa /etc/ld.so.conf
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are still scanned.)
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.It Fl v
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Switch on verbose mode.
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.El
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.Sh SECURITY
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Special care must be taken when loading shared libraries into the address
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space of
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.Ev set-user-ID
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programs. Whenever such a program is run,
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.Nm ld.so
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will only load shared libraries from the
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.Pa ld.so.hints
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file. In particular, the
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.Ev LD_LIBRARY_PATH
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and
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.Ev LD_PRELOAD
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is not used to search for libraries. Thus, the role of ldconfig is dual. In
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addition to building a set of hints for quick lookup, it also serves to
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specify the trusted collection of directories from which shared objects can
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be safely loaded. It is presumed that the set of directories specified to
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.Nm
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is under control of the system's administrator.
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.Nm ld.so
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further assists set-user-ID programs by erasing the
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.Ev LD_LIBRARY_PATH
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and
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.Ev LD_PRELOAD
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from the environment.
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.Sh FILES
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.Pa /var/run/ld.so.hints ,
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.Pa /etc/ld.so.conf
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ld 1 ,
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.Xr ld.so 1 ,
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.Xr ld.so.conf 5 ,
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.Xr link 5
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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utility first appeared in SunOS 4.0, it appeared in its current form
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in NetBSD 0.9a.
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