267 lines
10 KiB
HTML
267 lines
10 KiB
HTML
<html> <head> </head> <body> <pre>
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VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
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<b>NAME</b>
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virtual - format of Postfix virtual table
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<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
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<b>postmap</b> <b>/etc/postfix/virtual</b>
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<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
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The optional <b>virtual</b> table specifies address redirections
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for local and non-local recipients or domains. The redi-
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rections are used by the <a href="cleanup.8.html"><b>cleanup</b>(8)</a> daemon. The redirec-
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tions are recursive.
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The <b>virtual</b> redirection is applied only to recipient enve-
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lope addresses, and does not affect message headers.
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Think Sendmail rule set <b>S0</b>, if you like. Use <a href="canonical.5.html"><b>canonical</b>(5)</a>
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mapping to rewrite header and envelope addresses in gen-
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eral.
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Normally, the <b>virtual</b> table is specified as a text file
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that serves as input to the <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> command. The
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result, an indexed file in <b>dbm</b> or <b>db</b> format, is used for
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fast searching by the mail system. Execute the command
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<b>postmap</b> <b>/etc/postfix/virtual</b> in order to rebuild the
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indexed file after changing the text file.
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When the table is provided via other means such as NIS,
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LDAP or SQL, the same lookups are done as for ordinary
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indexed files.
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Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-
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expression map where patterns are given as regular expres-
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sions. In that case, the lookups are done in a slightly
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different way as described below.
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<b>POSTFIX-STYLE</b> <b>VIRTUAL</b> <b>DOMAINS</b>
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With a Postfix-style virtual domain, the virtual domain
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has its own user name space. Local (i.e. non-virtual)
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usernames are not visible in a Postfix-style virtual
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domain. In particular, local <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> and mailing lists
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are not visible as <i>localname@virtual.domain</i>.
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Use a Sendmail-style virtual domain (see below) if local
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usernames, <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> or mailing lists should be visible
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as <i>localname@virtual.domain</i>.
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Support for a Postfix-style virtual domain looks like:
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/etc/postfix/virtual:
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<i>virtual.domain</i> <i>anything</i> (right-hand content does not matter)
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<i>postmaster@virtual.domain</i> <i>postmaster</i>
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<i>user1@virtual.domain</i> <i>address1</i>
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<i>user2@virtual.domain</i> <i>address2,</i> <i>address3</i>
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The <i>virtual.domain</i> <i>anything</i> entry is required for a
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1
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VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
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Postfix-style virtual domain.
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Do not list a Postfix-style virtual domain in the <b>main.cf</b>
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<b>mydestination</b> configuration parameter. Such an entry is
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required only for a Sendmail-style virtual domain.
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With a Postfix-style virtual domain, the Postfix SMTP
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server accepts mail for <i>known-user@virtual.domain</i> and
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rejects mail for <i>unknown-user</i>@<i>virtual.domain</i> as undeliver-
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able.
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<b>SENDMAIL-STYLE</b> <b>VIRTUAL</b> <b>DOMAINS</b>
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With a Sendmail-style virtual domain, every local (i.e.
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non-virtual) username is visible in the virtual domain. In
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particular, every local alias and mailing list is visible
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as <i>localname@virtual.domain</i>.
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Use a Postfix-style virtual domain (see above) if local
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usernames, <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> or mailing lists should not be visi-
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ble as <i>localname@virtual.domain</i>.
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Support for a Sendmail-style virtual domain looks like:
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/etc/postfix/main.cf:
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mydestination = $myhostname localhost.$mydomain $mydomain
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<i>virtual.domain</i>
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/etc/postfix/virtual:
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<i>user1@virtual.domain</i> <i>address1</i>
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<i>user2@virtual.domain</i> <i>address2,</i> <i>address3</i>
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The <b>main.cf</b> <b>mydestination</b> entry is required for a Send-
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mail-style virtual domain.
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Do not specify a <i>virtual.domain</i> <i>whatever</i> virtual map entry
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for a Sendmail-style virtual domain. Such an entry is
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required only with a Postfix-style virtual domain.
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With a Sendmail-style virtual domain, the Postfix local
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delivery agent delivers mail for an unknown <i>user</i>@<i>vir-</i>
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<i>tual.domain</i> to a local (i.e. non-virtual) user that has
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the same name; if no such recipient exists, the Postfix
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local delivery agent bounces the mail to the sender.
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<b>TABLE</b> <b>FORMAT</b>
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The format of the virtual table is as follows, mappings
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being tried in the order as listed in this manual page:
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blanks and comments
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Blank lines are ignored, as are lines beginning
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with `#'.
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leading whitespace
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Lines that begin with whitespace continue the
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2
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VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
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previous line.
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<i>pattern</i> <i>result</i>
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When <i>pattern</i> matches a mail address, replace it by
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the corresponding <i>result</i>.
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With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from
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networked tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, patterns are
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tried in the order as listed below:
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<i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> <i>address,</i> <i>address,</i> <i>...</i>
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Mail for <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> is redirected to <i>address</i>.
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This form has the highest precedence.
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<i>user</i> <i>address,</i> <i>address,</i> <i>...</i>
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Mail for <i>user</i>@<i>site</i> is redirected to <i>address</i> when
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<i>site</i> is equal to $<b>myorigin</b>, when <i>site</i> is listed in
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$mydestination, or when it is listed in
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$<i>inet_interfaces</i>.
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This functionality overlaps with functionality of
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the local <i>alias</i>(5) database. The difference is that
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<b>virtual</b> mapping can be applied to non-local
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addresses.
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@<i>domain</i> <i>address,</i> <i>address,</i> <i>...</i>
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Mail for any user in <i>domain</i> is redirected to
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<i>address</i>. This form has the lowest precedence.
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In all the above forms, when <i>address</i> has the form @<i>other-</i>
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<i>domain</i>, the result is the same user in <i>otherdomain</i>. This
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works for the first address in the expansion only.
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<b>ADDRESS</b> <b>EXTENSION</b>
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When the search fails, and the address localpart contains
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the optional recipient delimiter (e.g., <i>user+foo</i>@<i>domain</i>),
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the search is repeated for the unextended address (e.g.
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<i>user</i>@<i>domain</i>), and the unmatched address extension is prop-
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agated to the result of expansion. The matching order is:
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<i>user+foo</i>@<i>domain</i>, <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i>, <i>user+foo</i>, <i>user</i>, and @<i>domain</i>.
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<b>REGULAR</b> <b>EXPRESSION</b> <b>TABLES</b>
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This section describes how the table lookups change when
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the table is given in the form of regular expressions. For
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a description of regular expression lookup table syntax,
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see <a href="regexp_table.5.html"><b>regexp</b><i>_</i><b>table</b>(5)</a> or <a href="pcre_table.5.html"><b>pcre</b><i>_</i><b>table</b>(5)</a>.
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Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to
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the entire address being looked up. Thus, <i>user@domain</i> mail
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addresses are not broken up into their <i>user</i> and <i>@domain</i>
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constituent parts, nor is <i>user+foo</i> broken up into <i>user</i> and
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<i>foo</i>.
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Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the
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3
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VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5)
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table, until a pattern is found that matches the search
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string.
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Results are the same as with normal indexed file lookups,
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with the additional feature that parenthesized substrings
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from the pattern can be interpolated as <b>$1</b>, <b>$2</b> and so on.
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<b>BUGS</b>
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The table format does not understand quoting conventions.
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<b>CONFIGURATION</b> <b>PARAMETERS</b>
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The following <b>main.cf</b> parameters are especially relevant
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to this topic. See the Postfix <b>main.cf</b> file for syntax
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details and for default values. Use the <b>postfix</b> <b>reload</b>
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command after a configuration change.
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<b>virtual</b><i>_</i><b>maps</b>
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List of virtual mapping tables.
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Other parameters of interest:
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<b>inet</b><i>_</i><b>interfaces</b>
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The network interface addresses that this system
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receives mail on.
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<b>mydestination</b>
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List of domains that this mail system considers
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local.
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<b>myorigin</b>
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The domain that is appended to locally-posted mail.
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<b>owner</b><i>_</i><b>request</b><i>_</i><b>special</b>
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Give special treatment to <b>owner-</b><i>xxx</i> and <i>xxx</i><b>-request</b>
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addresses.
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<b>SEE</b> <b>ALSO</b>
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<a href="cleanup.8.html">cleanup(8)</a> canonicalize and enqueue mail
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<a href="postmap.1.html">postmap(1)</a> create mapping table
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<a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre_table(5)</a> format of PCRE tables
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<a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp_table(5)</a> format of POSIX regular expression tables
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<b>LICENSE</b>
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The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this
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software.
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<b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
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Wietse Venema
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IBM T.J. Watson Research
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P.O. Box 704
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Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
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4
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</pre> </body> </html>
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