190 lines
6.1 KiB
Groff
190 lines
6.1 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software written and contributed
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.\" to Berkeley by William Jolitz.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" from: @(#)reboot_i386.8 1.2 (Berkeley) 4/25/91
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.\" $Id: reboot_i386.8,v 1.6 1994/01/14 02:06:24 jtc Exp $
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.\"
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.Dd April 25, 1991
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.Dt REBOOT 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm reboot
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.Nd
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.Tn UNIX
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bootstrapping procedures
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm reboot
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.Op Fl n
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.Op Fl q
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Tn UNIX ,
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an ordinary executable file,
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is placed into memory by bootstrap at location absolute zero, and
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entered at the executable's entry point
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.Pq Va a_entry .
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Upon startup, the system reorganizes memory to suit the needs of
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the hardware configuration found, thus it is not designed to
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be restartable without being reloaded on reboot.
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Each time it is to be bootstrapped, it must be reloaded, usually from
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a disk file.
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.Pp
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.Sy Rebooting a running system .
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When a
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.Tn UNIX
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is running and a reboot is desired,
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.Xr shutdown 8
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is normally used.
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If there are no users then
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.Nm reboot
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can be used.
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Reboot causes the disks to be synced and allows the system
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to perform other shutdown activities such as resynchronizing
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hardware time-of-day clocks.
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A multi-user reboot (as described below) is then initiated.
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This causes a system to be
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booted and an automatic disk check to be performed. If all this succeeds
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without incident, the system is then brought up for many users.
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.Pp
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Options to reboot are:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl n
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option avoids the sync. It can be used if a disk or the processor
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is on fire.
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.It Fl q
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reboots quickly and ungracefully, without shutting down running
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processes first.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Nm Reboot
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normally logs the reboot using
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.Xr syslog 8
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and places a shutdown record in the login accounting file
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.Pa /var/log/wtmp .
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These actions are inhibited if the
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.Fl n
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or
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.Fl q
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options are present.
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.Pp
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.Sy Power fail and crash recovery.
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Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
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An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed
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as described in
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.Xr fsck 8 .
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and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
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.Pp
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.Sy Cold starts .
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The 386
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.Tn "PC AT"
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clones attempt to boot the floppy disk drive A (otherwise
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known as drive 0) first, and failing that, attempt to boot the hard disk
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C (otherwise known as hard disk controller 1, drive 0).
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The automatic boot will attempt to load
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.Pa netbsd
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from partition A of
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either the floppy or the hard disk. This boot may be aborted by typing
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any character on the keyboard repeatedly (four or five times at least)
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during the operating system load phase, after which the bootstrap will
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prompt for the file that you wish to load instead.
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.Pp
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One exception to this is the
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.Ql d
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key, which will not abort the load but
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instead silently force the
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.Dv DEBUG
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boot flags. The boot flags for an autoboot
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are 0, and 3 for the successive boot after an aborted autoboot sequence.
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No other provision is made for setting boot flags (yet).
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A specific device or bootstrap file may be used; for example,
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.Pp
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The file specifications used for the boostrap
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when loaded with the
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.Dq askme
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flag
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(e.g. an aborted autoboot)
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are of the form:
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.Pp
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.Dl device unit partition:
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.Pp
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where
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.Ar device
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is the type of the device, assumed to be on the ISA bus, to be searched,
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.Ar unit
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is the unit number of the disk or tape,
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and
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.Ar partition
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is the disk partition or tape file number.
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Normal line editing characters can be used when typing the file specification.
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The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to
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installation:
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.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
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wd ST506, IDE, ESDI, RLL disks on a WD100[2367] or lookalike
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controller
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fd 5 1/4" or 3 1/2" High density floppies
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.Ed
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.Pp
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For example,
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to boot from a file system which starts at cylinder 0
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of unit 0 of an IDE disk, type
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.Dq Li wd(0,a)/netbsd
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to the boot prompt;
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.Dq Li fd(0,a)/netbsd
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would specify a 3 1/2" floppy drive 0 .
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.Pp
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In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the paper
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.%T "Installing and Operating 4.3 BSD-Reno UNIX on the AT/386"
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can be used
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to boot from a distribution tape.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /netbsd -compact
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.It Pa /netbsd
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system code
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.It Pa /boot
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system bootstrap
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr crash 8 ,
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.Xr disklabel 8 ,
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.Xr fsck 8 ,
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.Xr halt 8 ,
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.Xr init 8 ,
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.Xr rc 8 ,
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.Xr shutdown 8 ,
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.Xr syslogd 8
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.Sh BUGS
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The disklabel format used by this version of
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.Bx
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is quite
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different from that of other architectures.
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